中国企业家精神时空演化及驱动因素分析
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摘要
基于空间计量经济学视角,探究了1998-2016年中国企业家精神时空演化特征,构建了空间杜宾模型,分析了企业家精神驱动因素。研究结果表明:中国的企业家精神在时间和空间上呈现不均衡发展特征,地区差异显著,甚至存在两极分化现象,整体呈现出自东部沿海地区向西部内陆地区阶梯性递减态势,且邻近省域企业家精神相近,具有一定空间集聚性;企业家精神的空间正相关性逐渐增强,空间依赖性增大;人力资本、经济发展程度、创新和教育水平是省域企业家精神的主要驱动因素,其中,人力资本、经济发展程度和教育水平对本省域企业家精神存在显著正向驱动作用,创新水平对邻近省域企业家精神存在显著正向驱动作用,教育水平对邻近省域企业家精神存在显著负向驱动作用。
Based on the perspective of spatial econometrics,this paper explores the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of entrepreneurship in China from 1998 to 2016.It constructs a Spatial Dubin Model and analyzes the driving factors of entrepreneurship.The results show that the entrepreneurship of China is characterized by uneven time and space development,with significant regional differences and even polarization.The entrepreneurship in China shows a decreasing trend from the eastern coastal areas to the western inland areas.Entrepreneurship in the neighboring provinces is similar and has certain spatial agglomeration.The spatial positive correlation of entrepreneurship in China has gradually increased,and the spatial dependence of entrepreneurship is increasing.Human capital,economic development,innovation level and education environment are the main driving factors of provincial entrepreneurship.Human capital,the degree of economic development and the educational environment have a significant positive driving effect on the province's entrepreneurship.The level of innovation has a significant positive driving effect on entrepreneurship in neighboring provinces.However,the education environment has a significant negative driving effect on entrepreneurship in neighboring provinces.
Based on the perspective of spatial econometrics,this paper explores the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of entrepreneurship in China from 1998 to 2016.It constructs a Spatial Dubin Model and analyzes the driving factors of entrepreneurship.The results show that the entrepreneurship of China is characterized by uneven time and space development,with significant regional differences and even polarization.The entrepreneurship in China shows a decreasing trend from the eastern coastal areas to the western inland areas.Entrepreneurship in the neighboring provinces is similar and has certain spatial agglomeration.The spatial positive correlation of entrepreneurship in China has gradually increased,and the spatial dependence of entrepreneurship is increasing.Human capital,economic development,innovation level and education environment are the main driving factors of provincial entrepreneurship.Human capital,the degree of economic development and the educational environment have a significant positive driving effect on the province's entrepreneurship.The level of innovation has a significant positive driving effect on entrepreneurship in neighboring provinces.However,the education environment has a significant negative driving effect on entrepreneurship in neighboring provinces.
引文
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[12]高管团队要素对公司企业家精神的影响机制研究---基于长三角民营中小高科技企业的实证分析[J].南开管理评论,2011,14(3):72-84.
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[14]韩磊,王西,张宝文.市场化进程驱动了企业家精神吗[J].财经问题研究,2017(8):106-113.
[15]邵传林.制度环境、产权性质与企业家创新精神---来自中国工业企业的经验证据[J].证券市场导报,2015(3):20-25+38.
[16]刘鹏程,李磊,王小洁.企业家精神的性别差异---基于创业动机视角的研究[J].管理世界,2013(8):126-135.
[17]MARKUSSEN S,ROED K.The gender gap in entrepreneurship-the role of peer effects[J].Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,2017,134:356-373.
[18]SCOTT SHANE,EDWIN A LOCKE,CHRISTOPHER JCOLLINS.Entrepreneurial motivation[J].Human Resource Management Review,2003(13):257-279.
[19]李占风,刘晓歌.企业家精神对经济增长的影响[J].统计与决策,2017(12):115-119.
[20]杨勇,朱乾,达庆利.中国企业家精神的空间溢出效应研究[J].中国管理科学,2014,22(11):105-113.
[21]STOREY D J.The birth of new firms-does unemployment matter?a review of the evidence[J].Small Business Economics,1991,3(3):167-178.
[22]潘健平,王铭榕,吴沛雯.企业家精神、知识产权保护与企业创新[J].财经问题研究,2015(12):104-110.
[23]李宏彬,李杏,姚先国,等.企业家的创业与创新精神对中国经济增长的影响[J].经济研究,2009,44(10):99-108.
[24]ACS Z J,ARMINGTON C,ZHANG T.The determinants of new-firm survival across regional economies:the role of human capital stock and knowledge spillover[J].Papers in Regional Science,2010,86(3):367-391.
[25]BOWEN H P,DE CLERCQ D.Erratum:institutional context and the allocation of entrepreneurial effort[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2008,39(4):768-768.
[26]宋来胜,苏楠,付宏.创新创业能力的空间分布及其经济增长效应---基于GMM方法的实证分析[J].经济经纬,2013(1):6-10.
[27]刘苓玲,徐雷.中西部地区农民工返乡创业问题研究---基于河南、山西、重庆的调查问卷[J].人口与经济,2012(6):33-38.
[28]徐成贤,甘斌,宋艳伟.法治水平与私营企业发展[J].经济体制改革,2010(4):30-35.
[29]TOBLER W R.A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region[J].Economic Geography,1970,46(1):234-240.
[2]彼得·德鲁克.创新与企业家精神[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009:17-22.
[3]ANSELIN L,GRIFFITH D A.Do Spatial effecfs really matter in regression analysis[J].Papers in Regional Science,2010,65(1):11-34.
[4]LETAIFA S B,RABEAU Y.Too close to collaborate?how geographic proximity could impede entrepreneurship and innovation[J].Journal of Business Research,2013,66(10):2071-2078.
[5]HAIFENG QIAN,CHANG ZHAO.Space-time analysis of high technology entrepreneurship:a comparison of California and New England[J].Applied Geography,2018,5(6):111-119.
[6]FOSSEN F M,MARTIN T.Entrepreneurial dynamics over space and time[J].Regional Science&Urban Economics,2018(8).
[7]唐国华.企业家精神、产品创新与内生经济增长---理论模型和基于中国数据的经验研究[J].经济问题,2014(3):11-16.
[8]周方召,刘文革.宏观视角下的企业家精神差异化配置与经济增长---一个文献述评[J].金融研究,2013(12):127-139.
[9]袁红林,蒋含明.中国企业家创业精神的影响因素分析---基于省级面板数据的实证研究[J].当代财经,2013(8):65-75.
[10]李宇,张雁鸣.大企业情境下企业家精神驱动的创新成长导向研究---以苹果公司为例[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,34(1):154-163.
[11]王德才,赵曙明.CEO变革型领导行为、战略柔性与公司企业家精神关系---基于中小企业的实证研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(6):144-153.
[12]高管团队要素对公司企业家精神的影响机制研究---基于长三角民营中小高科技企业的实证分析[J].南开管理评论,2011,14(3):72-84.
[13]李后建.市场化、腐败与企业家精神[J].经济科学,2013(1):99-111.
[14]韩磊,王西,张宝文.市场化进程驱动了企业家精神吗[J].财经问题研究,2017(8):106-113.
[15]邵传林.制度环境、产权性质与企业家创新精神---来自中国工业企业的经验证据[J].证券市场导报,2015(3):20-25+38.
[16]刘鹏程,李磊,王小洁.企业家精神的性别差异---基于创业动机视角的研究[J].管理世界,2013(8):126-135.
[17]MARKUSSEN S,ROED K.The gender gap in entrepreneurship-the role of peer effects[J].Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,2017,134:356-373.
[18]SCOTT SHANE,EDWIN A LOCKE,CHRISTOPHER JCOLLINS.Entrepreneurial motivation[J].Human Resource Management Review,2003(13):257-279.
[19]李占风,刘晓歌.企业家精神对经济增长的影响[J].统计与决策,2017(12):115-119.
[20]杨勇,朱乾,达庆利.中国企业家精神的空间溢出效应研究[J].中国管理科学,2014,22(11):105-113.
[21]STOREY D J.The birth of new firms-does unemployment matter?a review of the evidence[J].Small Business Economics,1991,3(3):167-178.
[22]潘健平,王铭榕,吴沛雯.企业家精神、知识产权保护与企业创新[J].财经问题研究,2015(12):104-110.
[23]李宏彬,李杏,姚先国,等.企业家的创业与创新精神对中国经济增长的影响[J].经济研究,2009,44(10):99-108.
[24]ACS Z J,ARMINGTON C,ZHANG T.The determinants of new-firm survival across regional economies:the role of human capital stock and knowledge spillover[J].Papers in Regional Science,2010,86(3):367-391.
[25]BOWEN H P,DE CLERCQ D.Erratum:institutional context and the allocation of entrepreneurial effort[J].Journal of International Business Studies,2008,39(4):768-768.
[26]宋来胜,苏楠,付宏.创新创业能力的空间分布及其经济增长效应---基于GMM方法的实证分析[J].经济经纬,2013(1):6-10.
[27]刘苓玲,徐雷.中西部地区农民工返乡创业问题研究---基于河南、山西、重庆的调查问卷[J].人口与经济,2012(6):33-38.
[28]徐成贤,甘斌,宋艳伟.法治水平与私营企业发展[J].经济体制改革,2010(4):30-35.
[29]TOBLER W R.A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region[J].Economic Geography,1970,46(1):234-240.