双维视角下苏州城市空间形态演变及影响机理
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摘要
基于1990、2000、2010和2017年4个时期的Landsat遥感影像,运用分形理论和空间句法分析苏州城市外部和内部空间形态演变特征,并揭示其影响机理。结果显示:①从城市外部形态演变来看,苏州城市外部用地扩展经历"低强高速"、"中强中速"和"高强低速"3个发展阶段。②从苏州城市内部形态演变来看,全局集成核规模不断扩大且集成核形态逐渐完善,由树状单中心集成核向轮状多中心集成核转变。③苏州城市内外部形态演变具有一定规律性,基于道路交通系统和用地扩展的城市内外部空间形态演变呈同步性;外部和内部维度均凸显出城市形态呈"条带状多核"→"组团状行政型多核"→"组团状功能型多核"演变趋势。④自然因素、经济因素、交通因素和政策因素是导致苏州城市空间形态演变的主要驱动力。
Urban spatial form is the important basis of urban planning and construction. Taking Suzhou as the research object and based on Landsat remote sensing images in1990, 2000, 2010 and 2017, this paper analyzes the morphological evolution characteristics of urban exterior and interior space, and reveals its influence mechanism applying fractal theory and space syntax. Results display: 1) From the urban external morphological evolution, the expansion of urban external land has successively experienced three stages of development, namely, "low strength and high speed", "medium strength and medium speed" and "high strength and low speed". 2) From the urban internal morphological evolution, the global integrated core scale is continuously expanding and the integrated core form is gradually improved. Integrated core transformation from a single center in the early 1990 s to a multicenter. 3) The evolution of urban internal and external forms has certain regularity and synchrony based on road traffic system and land expansion. The evolution trend of urban forms both in external and internal dimensions is "stripped multi-core", "administrative cluster multicore" and functional cluster multicore. 4) Natural factors, economic factors, traffic factors and policy factors are the main driving forces for the evolution of Suzhou urban spatial form.
Urban spatial form is the important basis of urban planning and construction. Taking Suzhou as the research object and based on Landsat remote sensing images in1990, 2000, 2010 and 2017, this paper analyzes the morphological evolution characteristics of urban exterior and interior space, and reveals its influence mechanism applying fractal theory and space syntax. Results display: 1) From the urban external morphological evolution, the expansion of urban external land has successively experienced three stages of development, namely, "low strength and high speed", "medium strength and medium speed" and "high strength and low speed". 2) From the urban internal morphological evolution, the global integrated core scale is continuously expanding and the integrated core form is gradually improved. Integrated core transformation from a single center in the early 1990 s to a multicenter. 3) The evolution of urban internal and external forms has certain regularity and synchrony based on road traffic system and land expansion. The evolution trend of urban forms both in external and internal dimensions is "stripped multi-core", "administrative cluster multicore" and functional cluster multicore. 4) Natural factors, economic factors, traffic factors and policy factors are the main driving forces for the evolution of Suzhou urban spatial form.
引文
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[27]储金龙,马晓冬,高抒,等.南通地区城镇用地扩展时空特征分析[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(1):55-63.
[28]王慧芳,周恺.2003-2013年中国城市形态研究评述[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(5):689-701.
[2]肖琳,田光进.天津城市扩展空间模式与驱动机制研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(7):1 327-1 335.
[3]李加林,许继琴,李伟芳,等.长江三角洲地区城市用地增长的时空特征分析[J].地理学报,2007,62(4):437-447.
[4]刘盛和,吴传钧,沈洪泉.基于GIS的北京城市土地利用扩展模式[J].地理学报,2000,55(4):407-416.
[5]李平星,樊杰.城市扩张情景模拟及对城市形态与体系的影响[J].地理研究,2014,33(3):509-519.
[6]马荣华,陈雯,陈小卉,等.常熟市城镇用地扩展分析[J].地理学报,2004,59(3):418-426.
[7]谭雪兰,欧阳巧玲,江喆,等.基于RS/GIS的长沙市城市空间扩展及影响因素[J].经济地理,2017,37(3):81-85.
[8]任启龙,王利,韩增林,等.基于城市年轮模型的城市扩展研究[J].地理研究,2017,36(7):1 364-1 376.
[9]龙瀛,沈振江,毛其智,等.基于约束性CA方法的北京城市形态情景分析[J].地理学报,2010,65(6):643-655.
[10]杨俊,国安东,席建超,等.城市三维景观格局时空分异特征研究[J].地理学报,2017,72(4):646-656.
[11]秦静,方创琳,王洋.基于元胞自动机的城市三维空间增长仿真模拟[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(5):662-671.
[12]赵坚.城市交通及其塑造城市形态的功能[J].城市问题,2008(5):2-6.
[13]毛蒋兴,闫小培.城市交通系统与城市空间格局互动影响研究[J].城市规划,2005(5):45-54.
[14]王建华.城市空间轴向发展的交通诱导因素分析[J].上海城市规划,2009(3):16-19.
[15]Ewing R.Counterpoint:Is Los Angeles-style Sprawl Desirable[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,1997(1):107-126.
[16]张国华,李凌岚.综合高速交通枢纽对城镇空间结构的影响[J].城市规划,2009,33(3):93-96.
[17]闫小培,毛蒋兴.高密度开发城市的交通与土地利用互动关系:以广州为例[J].地理学报,2004,59(5):643-652.
[18]沈宏婷,张京祥,陈眉舞.中国大城市空间的“多中心”重组[J].城市问题,2005(4):25-30.
[19]Batty M.Cities as fractals Simulating growth and form[C]//Crilly A J,Jones H,eds.Fractals and Chaos.New York:SpringVerilog,1991:43-69.
[20]储金龙.城市空间形态定量分析研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2007.
[21]车前进,马晓冬,朱传耿,等.徐州城市形态演变的分形分析[J].云南地理环境研究,2007,19(4):28-32.
[22]Hiller B,Hanson J.The Social Logic of Space[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1984:46-48.
[23]赖清华,马晓冬,谢新杰,等.基于空间句法的徐州城市空间形态特征研究[J].规划师,2011,27(6):96-100.
[24]王静文,毛其智,党安荣.北京城市的演变模型:基于句法的城市空间与功能模式演进的探讨[J].城市规划学刊,2008(3):82-88.
[25]李江,郭庆胜.基于句法分析的城市空间形态定量研究[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2003,36(2):69-73.
[26]王勇,李广斌,施雯.苏州城市空间生产特征与机制--兼论苏州城市空间结构演化[J].现代城市研究,2015(11):125-130.
[27]储金龙,马晓冬,高抒,等.南通地区城镇用地扩展时空特征分析[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(1):55-63.
[28]王慧芳,周恺.2003-2013年中国城市形态研究评述[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(5):689-701.