Three-dimensional numerical study of flow characteristics and membrane fouling evolution in an enzymatic membrane reactor
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摘要
In order to enhance the understanding of the membrane fouling mechanism, the hydrodynamics of the granular flow in a stirred enzymatic membrane reactor is numerically investigated in the present paper. A three-dimensional Euler-Euler model, coupled with the k-? mixture turbulence model and the drag function proposed by Syamlal and O'Brien(1989) for the interphase momentum exchange, is built to simulate the two-phase(fluid-solid) turbulent flow. Numerical simulations of single-or two-phase turbulent flows at various stirring speeds are carried out. The numerical results agree very well with the published experimental data. Results include the distributions of the velocity, the shear stress and the turbulent kinetic energy. It is shown that the increase of the stirring speed not only enlarges the circulation loops in the reactor, but also increases the shear stress on the membrane surface and accelerates the mixing process for the granular materials. The time evolution of the volumetric function of the granular materials on the membrane surface can qualitatively explain the evolution of the membrane fouling.
In order to enhance the understanding of the membrane fouling mechanism, the hydrodynamics of the granular flow in a stirred enzymatic membrane reactor is numerically investigated in the present paper. A three-dimensional Euler-Euler model, coupled with the k-? mixture turbulence model and the drag function proposed by Syamlal and O'Brien(1989) for the interphase momentum exchange, is built to simulate the two-phase(fluid-solid) turbulent flow. Numerical simulations of single-or two-phase turbulent flows at various stirring speeds are carried out. The numerical results agree very well with the published experimental data. Results include the distributions of the velocity, the shear stress and the turbulent kinetic energy. It is shown that the increase of the stirring speed not only enlarges the circulation loops in the reactor, but also increases the shear stress on the membrane surface and accelerates the mixing process for the granular materials. The time evolution of the volumetric function of the granular materials on the membrane surface can qualitatively explain the evolution of the membrane fouling.
In order to enhance the understanding of the membrane fouling mechanism, the hydrodynamics of the granular flow in a stirred enzymatic membrane reactor is numerically investigated in the present paper. A three-dimensional Euler-Euler model, coupled with the k-? mixture turbulence model and the drag function proposed by Syamlal and O'Brien(1989) for the interphase momentum exchange, is built to simulate the two-phase(fluid-solid) turbulent flow. Numerical simulations of single-or two-phase turbulent flows at various stirring speeds are carried out. The numerical results agree very well with the published experimental data. Results include the distributions of the velocity, the shear stress and the turbulent kinetic energy. It is shown that the increase of the stirring speed not only enlarges the circulation loops in the reactor, but also increases the shear stress on the membrane surface and accelerates the mixing process for the granular materials. The time evolution of the volumetric function of the granular materials on the membrane surface can qualitatively explain the evolution of the membrane fouling.
引文
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[6]De Jong J.F.,Dang T.Y.N.,Sint Annaland M.V.et al.Comparison of a Discrete Particle Model and a two-fluid model to experiments of a fluidized bed with flat membranes[J].Powder Technology,2012,230(1):93-105.
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[12]Ameur H.,Bouzit M.,Ghenaim A.Numerical study of the performance of multistage Scaba 6SRGT impellers for the agitation of yield stress fluids in cylindrical tanks[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2015,27(3):436-442.
[13]Reza A.,Moresoli C.,Marcos B.Fouling behavior of electroacidified soy protein extracts during cross-flow ultrafiltration using dynamic reversible-irreversible fouling resistances and CFD modeling[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2010,361(1-2):191-205.
[14]Trad Z.,Vial C.,Fontaine J.P.et al.Modeling of hydrodynamics and mixing in a submerged membrane bioreactor[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,282(1):77-90.
[15]Luo M.L.,Pu C.S.,Zhao J.Q.Modeling on dynamic process of membrane fouling during finite crossflow ultrafiltration in charged system[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2006,18(2):206-210.
[16]Wang X.M.,Li X.Y.Modeling of the initial deposition of individual particles during the cross-flow membrane filtration[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2014,440(1):91-100.
[17]Luo J.Q.,Morthensen S.T.,Meyer A.S.et al.Filtration behavior of casein glycomacropeptide(CGMP)in an enzymatic membrane reactor:Fouling control by membrane selection and threshold flux operation[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2014,469(1):127-139.
[18]Taghipour F.,Ellis N.,Wong C.Experimental and computational study of gas-solid fluidized bed hydrodynamics[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2005,60(24):6857-6867.
[19]van Wachem B.G.M.,Scouten J.C.,van den Bleek C.M.Comparative analysis of CFD models of dense gas-solid systems[J].AIChE Journal,2001,47(5):1035-1051.
[20]Dong Y.H.,Chen L.F.The effect of stable stratification and thermophoresis on fine particle deposition in a bounded turbulent flow[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2011,54(1):1168-1178.
[21]Ammar M.,Chtourou W.,Driss Z.et al.Numerical investigation of turbulent flow generated in baffled stirred vessels equipped with three different turbines in one and two-stage system[J].Energy,2011,36(8):5081-5093.
[22]Wei Y.K.,Hu X.Q.Two-dimensional simulations of turbulent flow past a row of cylinders using lattice Boltzmann method[J].International Journal of Computational Methods,2017,14(1):1750002.
[23]Luo J.P.,Wang Y.B.,Qiu X.et al.Energy dissipation statistics along the Lagrangian trajectories in threedimensional turbulent flows[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2018,30(1):169-172.
[24]Vakili M.H.,Esfahany M.N.CFD analysis of turbulence in a baffled stirred tank,a three-compartment model[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2009,64(2):351-362.
[25]Chen H.X.,He J.W.,Liu C.Design and experiment of the centrifugal pump impellers with twisted inlet vice blades[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2009,29(6):1085-1088.
[2]Fadaei H.,Tabaei S.R.,Roostaazad R.Comparative assessment of the efficiencies of gas sparging and backflushing to improve yeast microfiltration using tubular ceramic membranes[J].Desalination,2007,217(1-3):93-99.
[3]Akbari A.,Derikvandi Z.,Mojallali Rostami S.M.Influence of chitosan coating on the separation performance,morphology and anti-fouling properties of the polyamide nanofiltration membranes[J].Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2015,28(1):268-276.
[4]Jaffrin M.Y.Dynamic shear-enhanced membrane filtration:A review of rotating disks,rotating membranes and vibrating systems[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2008,324(1):7-25.
[5]Wen M.,Kim C.N.,Yan Y.Mixing of two different electrolyte solutions in electromagnetic rectangular mixers[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2016,28(1):114-124.
[6]De Jong J.F.,Dang T.Y.N.,Sint Annaland M.V.et al.Comparison of a Discrete Particle Model and a two-fluid model to experiments of a fluidized bed with flat membranes[J].Powder Technology,2012,230(1):93-105.
[7]Yang Q.W.,Hu X.Q.,Zhu Y.et al.Extended criterion for robustness evaluations of energy conversion efficiency in DMFCs[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2018,172(1):285-295.
[8]Torras C.,Pallares J.,Garcia-Valls R.et al.Numerical simulation of the flow in a rotating disk filtration module[J].Desalination,2009,235(1-3):122-138.
[9]Yang Q.W.,Hu X.Q.,Lei X.C.et al.Adaptive operation strategy for voltage stability enhancement in active DMFCs[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2018,168(15):11-20.
[10]Wang Y.,Brannock M.,Cox S.et al.CFD simulations of membrane filtration zone in a submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactor using a porous media approach[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2010,363(1-2):57-66.
[11]Jalilvand Z.,Ashtiani F.Z.,Fouladitajar A.et al.Computational fluid dynamics modeling and experimental study of continuous and pulsatile flow in flat sheet microfiltration membranes[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2014,450(1):207-214.
[12]Ameur H.,Bouzit M.,Ghenaim A.Numerical study of the performance of multistage Scaba 6SRGT impellers for the agitation of yield stress fluids in cylindrical tanks[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2015,27(3):436-442.
[13]Reza A.,Moresoli C.,Marcos B.Fouling behavior of electroacidified soy protein extracts during cross-flow ultrafiltration using dynamic reversible-irreversible fouling resistances and CFD modeling[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2010,361(1-2):191-205.
[14]Trad Z.,Vial C.,Fontaine J.P.et al.Modeling of hydrodynamics and mixing in a submerged membrane bioreactor[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,282(1):77-90.
[15]Luo M.L.,Pu C.S.,Zhao J.Q.Modeling on dynamic process of membrane fouling during finite crossflow ultrafiltration in charged system[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2006,18(2):206-210.
[16]Wang X.M.,Li X.Y.Modeling of the initial deposition of individual particles during the cross-flow membrane filtration[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2014,440(1):91-100.
[17]Luo J.Q.,Morthensen S.T.,Meyer A.S.et al.Filtration behavior of casein glycomacropeptide(CGMP)in an enzymatic membrane reactor:Fouling control by membrane selection and threshold flux operation[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2014,469(1):127-139.
[18]Taghipour F.,Ellis N.,Wong C.Experimental and computational study of gas-solid fluidized bed hydrodynamics[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2005,60(24):6857-6867.
[19]van Wachem B.G.M.,Scouten J.C.,van den Bleek C.M.Comparative analysis of CFD models of dense gas-solid systems[J].AIChE Journal,2001,47(5):1035-1051.
[20]Dong Y.H.,Chen L.F.The effect of stable stratification and thermophoresis on fine particle deposition in a bounded turbulent flow[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2011,54(1):1168-1178.
[21]Ammar M.,Chtourou W.,Driss Z.et al.Numerical investigation of turbulent flow generated in baffled stirred vessels equipped with three different turbines in one and two-stage system[J].Energy,2011,36(8):5081-5093.
[22]Wei Y.K.,Hu X.Q.Two-dimensional simulations of turbulent flow past a row of cylinders using lattice Boltzmann method[J].International Journal of Computational Methods,2017,14(1):1750002.
[23]Luo J.P.,Wang Y.B.,Qiu X.et al.Energy dissipation statistics along the Lagrangian trajectories in threedimensional turbulent flows[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2018,30(1):169-172.
[24]Vakili M.H.,Esfahany M.N.CFD analysis of turbulence in a baffled stirred tank,a three-compartment model[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2009,64(2):351-362.
[25]Chen H.X.,He J.W.,Liu C.Design and experiment of the centrifugal pump impellers with twisted inlet vice blades[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2009,29(6):1085-1088.