围填海区渔业生态损害的补偿标准定量研究——以舟山近岸海域为例
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摘要
围绕海洋工程项目建设中渔业资源损害补偿这一关键要素至今尚缺乏一致认可的统一标准这一核心问题,根据2015年11月、2016年5月在舟山近岸海域(29°20′—31°00′N、121°40′—123°00′E)开展80个站位的渔业资源拖网调查数据,结合历史资料和渔民访谈交流等,分别以是否为生产渔场、是否为鱼卵仔稚鱼聚集区以及渔业资源量数量分布状况,赋予不同海域的权重系数,将直接经济损害补偿与渔业生态服务价值补偿结合起来,提出渔业生态损害补偿标准核算思路,建立了围填海工程项目渔业生态损害的补偿补偿模型,并计算得出不同县(区)、乡镇的渔业生态损害补偿金标准。可在舟山近岸不同海域的渔业生态损害补偿金收缴实践中推广应用,也为建立我国海洋生态损害补偿机制提供技术支撑。
Increasing marine engineering projects have resulted in ecological degradation of fishery resources. In this study, combining survey data, historical data, data from fishermen′s interviews, and many other data, we focused on the core issue of compensation for damage to fishery resources due to marine engineering projects. The survey data were obtained from 80 stations in the coastal waters of Zhoushan(29°20′—31°00′N, 121°40′—123°00′E), collected between November 2015 and May 2016. Different aquatic areas, fishery production areas or spawning and egg gathering areas, and areas endowed with different fishery resources were assigned various weighting coefficients in the compensation model, including direct economic damage compensation and indirect ecological damage compensation for reclamation projects. Standard techniques were used for the calculation of ecological damage to fishery resources in the coastal waters of different counties(districts) and townships along nearshore Zhoushan. The developed compensation model not only offers useful application in the collection of compensation for ecological damage to fishery resources in the coastal waters near Zhoushan, but also provides technical support for establishing compensation mechanisms for marine ecological damage in China.
Increasing marine engineering projects have resulted in ecological degradation of fishery resources. In this study, combining survey data, historical data, data from fishermen′s interviews, and many other data, we focused on the core issue of compensation for damage to fishery resources due to marine engineering projects. The survey data were obtained from 80 stations in the coastal waters of Zhoushan(29°20′—31°00′N, 121°40′—123°00′E), collected between November 2015 and May 2016. Different aquatic areas, fishery production areas or spawning and egg gathering areas, and areas endowed with different fishery resources were assigned various weighting coefficients in the compensation model, including direct economic damage compensation and indirect ecological damage compensation for reclamation projects. Standard techniques were used for the calculation of ecological damage to fishery resources in the coastal waters of different counties(districts) and townships along nearshore Zhoushan. The developed compensation model not only offers useful application in the collection of compensation for ecological damage to fishery resources in the coastal waters near Zhoushan, but also provides technical support for establishing compensation mechanisms for marine ecological damage in China.
引文
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[14] 刘霜, 张继民, 唐伟. 浅议我国填海工程海域使用管理中亟须引入生态补偿机制. 海洋开发与管理, 2008, 25(11): 34- 37.
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[16] 楼颖霞. 围填海生态资源损害补偿价格评估方法研究——以三门湾双盘涂围填海项目为例[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2015.
[17] 李濛. 浅谈生态补偿及海洋建设工程之渔业资源损害赔偿. 河北渔业, 2010, (2): 50- 51.
[18] 李京梅, 王晓玲. 基于生境等价分析法的胶州湾湿地围垦生态损害评估. 资源科学, 2013, 35(1): 59- 65.
[19] 刘文剑. 海洋资源、环境开发使用补偿费核算探讨. 中国海洋大学学报: 社会科学版, 2005, (2): 14- 17.
[20] 刘文剑, 孙吉亭, 薛桂芳. 渔业资源与环境开发利用的补偿费核算. 中国渔业经济, 2006, (1): 64- 66.
[21] 丘君, 刘容子, 赵景柱, 邓红兵. 渤海区域生态补偿机制的研究. 中国人口?资源与环境, 2008, 18(2): 60- 64.
[22] 丁建伟. 舟山市海洋生态补偿的实践与思考. 渔业信息与战略, 2014, 29(2): 92- 97.
[23] Rao H H, Lin C C, Kong H, Jin D, Peng B R. Ecological damage compensation for coastal sea area uses. Ecological indirects, 2014, 38: 149- 158.
[24] 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所. 舟山绿色石化基地围填海工程海洋渔业资源承载力及毒理影响分析专题报告[R],2016.
[2] Mason M. Civil liability for oil pollution damage: examining the evolving scope for environmental compensation in the international regime. Marine Policy, 2003, 27(1): 1- 12.
[3] McCay D P F, Whittier N, Ward M, Santos C. Spill hazard evaluation for chemicals shipped in bulk using modeling. Environmental Modelling & Software, 2006, 21(2): 156- 169.
[4] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Natural Resource Damage Assessment Guidance Document: Scaling Compensatory Restoration Actions (Oil Pollution Act of 1990). Sliver Spring, Maryland: Damage Assessment and Restoration Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1997.
[5] Ryan J T. The evoluition of natural resource damage assessments under the oil pollution act and the comprehensive environmental response, compensation, and liability act. Fordham Environmental Law Review, 2011, 6(1): 29- 49.
[6] 中国生态补偿机制与政策研究课题组. 中国生态补偿机制与政策研究. 北京: 科学出版社, 2007.
[7] Elliott M, Cutts N D. Marine habitats: loss and gain, mitigation and compensation. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2004, 49(9/10): 671- 674.
[8] 韩秋影, 黄小平, 施平. 生态补偿在海洋生态资源管理中的应用. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(1): 126- 130.
[9] 王淼, 刘晓洁. 海洋生态资源的价值初探. 工业技术经济, 2004, 23(6): 68- 70.
[10] 王淼, 刘晓洁, 段志霞. 海洋生态资源价值研究. 中国海洋大学学报: 社会科学版, 2004, (6): 112- 121.
[11] 王淼, 刘晓洁, 李洪田, 段志霞. 海洋生态资源的定价理论探讨. 海洋科学, 2005, 29(1): 43- 47.
[12] 王淼, 段志霞. 海洋生态价值的特点及补偿. 工业技术经济, 2005, 24(1): 69- 70.
[13] 郑伟, 石洪华, 陈尚, 张朝晖, 王宗灵, 丁德文. 海洋生态资产属性与价值特征的浅析. 海洋环境科学, 2007, 26(4): 393- 396.
[14] 刘霜, 张继民, 唐伟. 浅议我国填海工程海域使用管理中亟须引入生态补偿机制. 海洋开发与管理, 2008, 25(11): 34- 37.
[15] 顾奕. 围填海区海洋生态补偿标准研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2015.
[16] 楼颖霞. 围填海生态资源损害补偿价格评估方法研究——以三门湾双盘涂围填海项目为例[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2015.
[17] 李濛. 浅谈生态补偿及海洋建设工程之渔业资源损害赔偿. 河北渔业, 2010, (2): 50- 51.
[18] 李京梅, 王晓玲. 基于生境等价分析法的胶州湾湿地围垦生态损害评估. 资源科学, 2013, 35(1): 59- 65.
[19] 刘文剑. 海洋资源、环境开发使用补偿费核算探讨. 中国海洋大学学报: 社会科学版, 2005, (2): 14- 17.
[20] 刘文剑, 孙吉亭, 薛桂芳. 渔业资源与环境开发利用的补偿费核算. 中国渔业经济, 2006, (1): 64- 66.
[21] 丘君, 刘容子, 赵景柱, 邓红兵. 渤海区域生态补偿机制的研究. 中国人口?资源与环境, 2008, 18(2): 60- 64.
[22] 丁建伟. 舟山市海洋生态补偿的实践与思考. 渔业信息与战略, 2014, 29(2): 92- 97.
[23] Rao H H, Lin C C, Kong H, Jin D, Peng B R. Ecological damage compensation for coastal sea area uses. Ecological indirects, 2014, 38: 149- 158.
[24] 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所. 舟山绿色石化基地围填海工程海洋渔业资源承载力及毒理影响分析专题报告[R],2016.