西安办公建筑相变蓄热通风技术的季节适宜性研究
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摘要
以西安地区一栋典型办公建筑为例,运用EnergyPlus数值模拟软件研究了相变蓄热通风技术在过渡季节和炎热季节的应用情况。采用日累计降温幅度ΔT和降温潜力百分比J两个指标对其降温效果进行评价,分析了相变材料充分发挥相变潜能时室外干球温度的日气温特征,并基于ASHRAE 55热舒适模型评价了该技术对室内热环境的改善情况。结果表明:当室外干球温度最大值高于相变区间上限值3℃时,最低温度低于相变区间下限值3℃,且日平均温度处于相变区间范围内时,相变蓄热通风技术能够充分发挥相变蓄能作用;该技术在过渡季节的应用效果优于炎热季节,与夜间自然通风技术相比,该技术可使整个过渡季节室内空气温度降温幅度提高14%,室内操作温度满足ASHRAE 55标准的80%,可接受温度范围的小时数提高8%,而整个炎热季节室内空气温度降幅只提高5.6%,室内操作温度满足ASHRAE 55标准的80%,可接受温度范围的小时数仅提高1%。
In this paper,application potential of phase change heat storage coupled with night ventilation technology in transition and hot seasons were investigated using EnergyPlus,based on a typical office building in Xi'an.Two factors,daily cumulative cooling amplitude(ΔT)and percentage of cooling potential(J),were introduced to evaluate its cooling effect.The characteristics of outdoor dry-bulb temperature were examined when the technology realized its best cooling potential.The performance of the technology on improving the indoor thermal environment was also analyzed based on the standard ASHRAE55 Adaptive Comfort Model.The results indicate that the technology can obtain excellent application effect when the maximum of outdoor dry-bulb temperature exceeds the upper limit of the phase change range 3℃and its minimum is less than the lower limit of the phase change range 3℃and its average is in the phase change range.The application effect of this technology in transition season is superior to that in hot season.Compared with night natural ventilation technology,the cooling amplitude in transition season and hot season by using the technology are increased by 14%and 5.6%,respectively,and the number of hours meets ASHRAE 55 standard 80%acceptability limit in transition and hot seasons are increased by 8%and1%,respectively.
In this paper,application potential of phase change heat storage coupled with night ventilation technology in transition and hot seasons were investigated using EnergyPlus,based on a typical office building in Xi'an.Two factors,daily cumulative cooling amplitude(ΔT)and percentage of cooling potential(J),were introduced to evaluate its cooling effect.The characteristics of outdoor dry-bulb temperature were examined when the technology realized its best cooling potential.The performance of the technology on improving the indoor thermal environment was also analyzed based on the standard ASHRAE55 Adaptive Comfort Model.The results indicate that the technology can obtain excellent application effect when the maximum of outdoor dry-bulb temperature exceeds the upper limit of the phase change range 3℃and its minimum is less than the lower limit of the phase change range 3℃and its average is in the phase change range.The application effect of this technology in transition season is superior to that in hot season.Compared with night natural ventilation technology,the cooling amplitude in transition season and hot season by using the technology are increased by 14%and 5.6%,respectively,and the number of hours meets ASHRAE 55 standard 80%acceptability limit in transition and hot seasons are increased by 8%and1%,respectively.
引文
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[20]公共建筑节能设计标准:GB 50189-2015[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015.Design standard for energy efficiency of public buildings:GB 50189-2015[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Industry Press,2015.(in Chinese)
[21]建筑热环境测试方法标准:JGJ/T 347-2014[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.Standard of test methods for thermal environment of building:JGJ/T 347-2014[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.(in Chinese)
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[2]SOUAYFANE F,FARDOUN F,BIWOLE P H.Phase Change Materials(PCM)for cooling applications in buildings:A review[J].Energy and Buildings,2016,129:396-431.
[3]林坤平,张寅平,江亿.夏季“空调”型相变墙热设计方法[J].太阳能学报,2003,24(2):145-151.LIN K P,ZHANG Y P,JIANG Y.Simulation and designing of PCM wallboard room combined with controlled night ventilation in summer[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2003,24(2):145-151.(in Chinese)
[4]孔祥飞,刘少宁,钟俞良,等.相变蓄能墙多因素热特性分析及优化研究[J].建筑科学,2016,32(8):40-46.KONG X F,LIU S N,ZHONG Y L,et al.Multivariate thermal performance analysis and optimization for phase change thermal storage wallboard[J].Building Science,2016,32(8):40-46.(in Chinese)
[5]李百战,庄春龙,邓安仲,等.相变墙体与夜间通风改善轻质建筑室内热环境[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2009,31(3):109-113.LI B Z,ZHUANG C L,DENG A Z,et al.Improvement of indoor thermal environment in light weight building combining phase change material wall and night ventilation[J].Journal of Civil,Architectural and Environmental,2009,31(3):109-113.(in Chinese)
[6]白音夫,徐龙,廖星宇,等.相变材料与夜间自然通风改善帐篷室内热环境研究[J].制冷与空调,2014(5):556-559.BAI Y F,XU L,LIAO X Y,et al.Natural temperature control materials energy saver and natural ventilation in night to improve the tent thermal environment[J].Refrigeration and Air-conditioning,2014(5):556-559.(in Chinese)
[7]冯国会,韩淑伊,刘馨,等.相变墙房间夏季夜间通风效果实验[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2013,29(4):693-697.FENG G H,HAN S Y,LIU X,et al.Experimental study on night ventilation effect in a phase change wall room in summer[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University(Natural Science Edition),2013,29(4):693-697.(in Chinese)
[8]崔娜,谢静超,刘加平,等.石膏基相变储能构件的数值模拟分析[J].化工学报,2014,65(Sup1):328-335.CUI N,XIE J C,LIU J P,et al.Numerical simulation analysis of gypsum-based phase change energy storage component[J].Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering,2014,65(Sup1):328-335.(in Chinese)
[9]张磊,杨柳,张璞.高校宿舍楼夜间蓄热通风性能实验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,46(5):749-753.ZHANG L,YANG L,ZHANG P,Experiment research on the regenerative night ventilation performance of university dormitory[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2014,46(5):749-753.(in Chinese)
[10]张璞.夜间通风相变储能材料的适宜性研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2013.ZHANG P.Suitability of phase change materials for night ventilation cooling technique[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2013.(in Chinese)
[11]LIU Y,YANG L,HOU L Q,et al.A porous building approach for modelling flow and heat transfer around and inside an isolated building on night ventilation and thermal mass[J].Energy,2017,141:1914-1927.
[12]LIU J,LIU Y,YANG L,et al.Annual energy saving potential for integrated application of phase change envelopes and HVAC in Western China[J].Procedia Engineering,2017,205:2470-2477.
[13]林坤平,张寅平,江亿.中国不同气候地区夏季相变墙房间热性能模拟和评价[J].太阳能学报,2003,24(1):46-52.LIN K P,ZHANG Y P,JIANG Y.Simulation and evaluation on the thermal performance of PCM wallboard rooms located in various climate regions of china in summer[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2003,24(1):46-52.(in Chinese)
[14]SAFFARI M,GRACIA A D,FERNNDEZ C,et al.Simulation-based optimization of PCM melting temperature to improve the energy performance in buildings[J].Applied Energy,2017,202:420-434.
[15]杨柳,乔宇豪,刘衍,等.建筑相变蓄热及夜间通风技术研究进展[J].科学通报,2018,63:629-640.YANG L,QIAO Y H,LIU Y,et al.Review of phase change heat storage and night ventilation technology of buildings[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2018,63:629-40.(in Chinese)
[16]MURUGANANTHAM K.Application of phase change material in buildings:field data vs EnergyPlus simulation[D].Arizona State University,2010.
[17]The U.S.Department of Energy's(DOE)Building Technologies Office.Energyplus[EB/OL].2018-01-10.https://www.energyplus.net.
[18]EnergyPlus.EnergyPlus version 8.6 documentation:engineering reference[Z].U.S.Department of Energy,2016.
[19]The U.S.Department of Energy's(DOE)Building Technologies Office.Energyplus[EB/OL].2018-01-10.https://www.energyplus.net./weather.
[20]公共建筑节能设计标准:GB 50189-2015[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2015.Design standard for energy efficiency of public buildings:GB 50189-2015[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Industry Press,2015.(in Chinese)
[21]建筑热环境测试方法标准:JGJ/T 347-2014[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.Standard of test methods for thermal environment of building:JGJ/T 347-2014[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[22]Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy:ASHRAE Standard 55-2013:[S].Atlanta:America Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers,Inc,2013.