树的时代
摘要
自人类出现伊始,我们与生态环境—或者更具体地说,与树—之间的联系,一直是关乎人类生存与传统的核心问题。而随着近几个世纪的工业化、城镇化、无序拓张,以及技术的兴起,这种人与树木之间的核心的共生关系已不复存在。一种新的趋势随即形成,许多发达国家,甚至是发展中国家更加重视人类建筑领域中技术和环境的发展,而对大自然每天无偿提供给我们的便利置若罔闻。面对极端的环境、日益紧张的城市状况和不断削弱的人与自然之间的联系,重新遍植树木是一种最为简单有效且适用于城市的补救途径。我们正在进入一个新的"树的时代"。在此背景下,我们必须将树视为新兴城市的重要元素之一,重新审视人与树的关系。简而言之,打造一个健康、强健、成熟的林冠体系,应当成为未来所有开发的重点,且绝无例外。我们今日的共同努力必将造福于子孙后代。
Throughout the history of human existence, the connection to ecology and — more specifically trees — has been central to human survival and tradition. But over several recent centuries of industrialization, urbanization, sprawl and the rise of technology, this central and symbiotic relationship has been lost. A trend has been established in which much of the developed — and developing — world now places a greater emphasis on the technologies and environment of the built realm and less upon the natural amenities provided to us for free every day. The single most effective — and urban — remedy for extreme environments, increasingly stressful urban conditions and declining connection between humans and nature is the reemergence of the tree. We are entering a new "Age of the Tree" where we must reconsider our relationship to the tree, as one of the focal elements in this emerging urban reality. Simply stated, creating a healthy, robust and mature tree canopy must become a critical focal point for all future development — without exception. Our future generations will thank us as they reap tremendous dividends for our collective efforts today.
Throughout the history of human existence, the connection to ecology and — more specifically trees — has been central to human survival and tradition. But over several recent centuries of industrialization, urbanization, sprawl and the rise of technology, this central and symbiotic relationship has been lost. A trend has been established in which much of the developed — and developing — world now places a greater emphasis on the technologies and environment of the built realm and less upon the natural amenities provided to us for free every day. The single most effective — and urban — remedy for extreme environments, increasingly stressful urban conditions and declining connection between humans and nature is the reemergence of the tree. We are entering a new "Age of the Tree" where we must reconsider our relationship to the tree, as one of the focal elements in this emerging urban reality. Simply stated, creating a healthy, robust and mature tree canopy must become a critical focal point for all future development — without exception. Our future generations will thank us as they reap tremendous dividends for our collective efforts today.
引文
[1]Chastain,B.B.(2011).Jan Baptista van Helmont.Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jan-Baptistavan-Helmont
[2]Crowther,T.W.,Glick,H.B.,Covey,K.R.Bettigole,C.,Maynard,d.S.,Thomas,S.M.Smith,J.R.,…Hintler,G.(2015).Mapping Tree density at a Global Scale.Nature,525(7568),201-205.
[3]Ted.(2005).William Mcdonough:Cradle to Cradle design.Available from https://www.ted.com/talks/william_mcdonough_on_cradle_to_cradle_design
[4]Patterson,S.(2015).What Native Americans Can Teach Us about Using Trees for Survival.Retrieved from http://www.offthegridnews.com/extreme-survival/what-nativeamericans-can-teach-us-about-using-trees-for-survival/print/
[5]van der Werf,G.R.(2009).CO2 emissions from Forest Loss.Nature Geoscience,2,737-738.
[6]Wolf,K.L.,&Flora,K.(2010).Mental Health and FunctionA Literature Review.Retrieved from https://depts.washington.edu/hhwb/Thm_Mental.html
[7]Alfred,R.(2009).Oct.27,1931:Killer Fungus Causes Nightmare on elm Street.Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/2009/10/1027dutch-elm-disease/
[8]Stefano Boeri Architetti.(2017).vertical Forest.Retrieved from https://www.stefanoboeriarchitetti.net/en/portfolios/bosco-verticale/
[9]Moyo,d.(2010).dead Aid:Why Aid is Not Working and How There is a Better Way for Africa.New York:Farrar,Straus and Giroux.
(1)请登录https://treemap.nycgovparks.org/了解关于纽约城市街道树种地图的更多信息。
(1)Please visit https://tree-map.nycgovparks.org/to learn more information about the New York City Street Tree Map.
[2]Crowther,T.W.,Glick,H.B.,Covey,K.R.Bettigole,C.,Maynard,d.S.,Thomas,S.M.Smith,J.R.,…Hintler,G.(2015).Mapping Tree density at a Global Scale.Nature,525(7568),201-205.
[3]Ted.(2005).William Mcdonough:Cradle to Cradle design.Available from https://www.ted.com/talks/william_mcdonough_on_cradle_to_cradle_design
[4]Patterson,S.(2015).What Native Americans Can Teach Us about Using Trees for Survival.Retrieved from http://www.offthegridnews.com/extreme-survival/what-nativeamericans-can-teach-us-about-using-trees-for-survival/print/
[5]van der Werf,G.R.(2009).CO2 emissions from Forest Loss.Nature Geoscience,2,737-738.
[6]Wolf,K.L.,&Flora,K.(2010).Mental Health and FunctionA Literature Review.Retrieved from https://depts.washington.edu/hhwb/Thm_Mental.html
[7]Alfred,R.(2009).Oct.27,1931:Killer Fungus Causes Nightmare on elm Street.Retrieved from https://www.wired.com/2009/10/1027dutch-elm-disease/
[8]Stefano Boeri Architetti.(2017).vertical Forest.Retrieved from https://www.stefanoboeriarchitetti.net/en/portfolios/bosco-verticale/
[9]Moyo,d.(2010).dead Aid:Why Aid is Not Working and How There is a Better Way for Africa.New York:Farrar,Straus and Giroux.
(1)请登录https://treemap.nycgovparks.org/了解关于纽约城市街道树种地图的更多信息。
(1)Please visit https://tree-map.nycgovparks.org/to learn more information about the New York City Street Tree Map.