一种基于概率密度的WLAN接入点定位的算法
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摘要
无线局域网(WLAN)中可以对无线接入点(Access Point,AP)进行定位。该文提出一种基于概率密度的AP定位算法(Probability Density algorithm for Access Point Localization,PDAPL)。首先对实验区域进行分区;然后根据定向天线在不同位置和不同角度收到的信号强度,计算AP落在各区域的概率,形成与密度有关的概率统计表;最后对AP的位置进行评估。实验结果表明,该文提出的算法采集数据少,只需在少量点和少量角度采集信号就可以得到较高的定位精度。与Driveby Loc,Distance和Ao A相比,得到相同的定位精度PDAPL所需要的测量点和测量角度只是Driveby Loc的一半左右,比Distance和Ao A所需要的更少;测量点和测量角度数量相同时,PDAPL的定位精度相对于Driveby Loc提升了50%左右。
The Access Point(AP) in Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN) can be localized. In this paper, an AP Localization algorithm based on the Probability Density(PDAPL) is proposed. First, the region is portioned into several cells. Then, the probability of each cell is calculated according to the receive signal strength from the directional antenna in different locations and different angles, and a probability statistical table is constructed. Finally, the location of AP is assessed. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm does not require a lot of data and can obtain relative high accuracy with a small number of measurement points and angles. Compared with Driveby Loc, Distance, and Ao A, half of or fewer measurement points and angles are needed in the case of the same accuracy with PDAPL. And for the same measurement points and angles, the accuracy of PDAPL is improved about 50% compared with Driveby Loc.
The Access Point(AP) in Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN) can be localized. In this paper, an AP Localization algorithm based on the Probability Density(PDAPL) is proposed. First, the region is portioned into several cells. Then, the probability of each cell is calculated according to the receive signal strength from the directional antenna in different locations and different angles, and a probability statistical table is constructed. Finally, the location of AP is assessed. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm does not require a lot of data and can obtain relative high accuracy with a small number of measurement points and angles. Compared with Driveby Loc, Distance, and Ao A, half of or fewer measurement points and angles are needed in the case of the same accuracy with PDAPL. And for the same measurement points and angles, the accuracy of PDAPL is improved about 50% compared with Driveby Loc.
引文
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[15]Chen Yin-jie,Liu Zhong-li,Fu Xin-wen,et al..Theory underlying measurement of AOA with a rotating directional antenna[C].Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM,Turin,2013:2490-2498.
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[17]Zhang Zeng-bin,Zhou Xia,Zhang Wei-le,et al..I am the antenna:accurate outdoor ap location using smartphones[C].Proceedings of 17th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking,Las Vegas,Nevada,USA,2011:109-120.
[18]Akl R G,Tummala D,and Li Xin-rong.Indoor propagation modeling at 2.4 GHz for IEEE 802.11 networks[C].Proceedings of Sixth International Association of Science and Technology for Development(IASTED)International Multi-Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications,Banff,Alberta,Canada,2006:120-150.
[2]Bialer O,Raphaeli D,and Weiss A J.Maximum-likelihood direct position estimation in dense multipath[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2013,62(5):2069-2079.
[3]Wang Gang,Li You-ming,and Ansari N.A semidefinite relaxation method for source localization using TDOA and FDOA measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2013,62(2):853-862.
[4]Sen S,Lee J,Kim K H,et al..Avoiding multipath to revive inbuilding Wi Fi localization[C].Proceedings of 11th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems,Applications,and Services,Taipei,2013:249-262.
[5]Liu Hong-bo,Yang Jie,Sidhom S,et al..Accurate Wi Fi based localization for smartphones using peer assistance[J].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2014,13(10):2199-2214.
[6]Ji M,Kim J,Cho Y,et al..A novel Wi Fi AP localization method using monte carlo path-loss model fitting simulation[C].Proceedings of IEEE 24th International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications(PIMRC),London,2013:3487-3491.
[7]Koo J and Cha H.Localizing Wi Fi access points using signal strength[J].IEEE Communications Letters,2011,15(2):187-189.
[8]Roberts B and Pahlavan K.Site-specific RSS signature modeling for Wi Fi localization[C].Proceedings of Global Telecommunications Conference,Honolulu,HI,2009:1-6.
[9]Le T M,Liu Ren-ping,and Hedley M.Rogue access point detection and localization[C].Proceedings of IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications(PIMRC),Sydney,NSW,2012:2489-2493.
[10]Rahman A,Amiruddin M,Dashti M,et al..Localization of unknown indoor wireless transmitter[C].Proceedings of 2013International Conference on Localization and GNSS(ICL-GNSS),Turin,2013:1-6.
[11]Chun S M,Lee S M,Nah J W,et al..Localization of Wi-Fi access point using smartphone's GPS information[C].Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Selected Topics in Mobile and Wireless Networking(i COST),Shanghai,2011:121-126.
[12]Han D,Andersen D G,Kaminsky M,et al..Access point localization using local signal strength gradient[C].Proceeding of Passive and Active Network Measurement,Seoul,Korea,2009:99-108.
[13]Achtzehn A,Simic L,Gronerth P,et al..A propagation-centric transmitter localization method for deriving the spatial structure of opportunistic wireless networks[C].Proceedings of 10th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services(WONS),Banff,AB,2013:139-146.
[14]Koo J and Cha H.Unsupervised Locating of Wi Fi access points using smartphones[J].IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man,and Cybernetics,Part C:Applications and Reviews,2012,42(6):1341-1353.
[15]Chen Yin-jie,Liu Zhong-li,Fu Xin-wen,et al..Theory underlying measurement of AOA with a rotating directional antenna[C].Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM,Turin,2013:2490-2498.
[16]Subramanian A P,Deshpande P,Gaojgao J,et al..Drive-by localization of roadside Wi Fi networks[C].Proceedings of27th Conference on Computer Communications,Phoenix,AZ,2008:718-725.
[17]Zhang Zeng-bin,Zhou Xia,Zhang Wei-le,et al..I am the antenna:accurate outdoor ap location using smartphones[C].Proceedings of 17th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking,Las Vegas,Nevada,USA,2011:109-120.
[18]Akl R G,Tummala D,and Li Xin-rong.Indoor propagation modeling at 2.4 GHz for IEEE 802.11 networks[C].Proceedings of Sixth International Association of Science and Technology for Development(IASTED)International Multi-Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications,Banff,Alberta,Canada,2006:120-150.