梨木虱和天敌草蛉的空间分布特征
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摘要
为指导防治梨园害虫梨木虱和保护利用天敌草蛉类群,对二者在梨树上和梨园中的空间分布格局进行了调查,比较了梨木虱、草蛉在梨树上的分布特点并进行了相关分析,另通过6种空间分布聚集度指标,研究了梨园中梨木虱和草蛉的空间分布特征,以期为综合防控梨木虱提供参考依据。结果表明:梨木虱主要集中在梨树树冠的下部位置,在梨树的4个方位上,其发生数量无明显差异;梨木虱的发生数量与叶片数量呈明显正相关;梨木虱在梨园中呈聚集分布模式,由自身聚集习性引起。天敌草蛉主要集中在梨树下部位置,以梨树东南方向分布较多,但只在梨树的上部位置,草蛉和梨木虱具有明显的相关性,草蛉在梨园中呈多种分布模式,主要呈聚集分布。
In order to control the main pest Psylla chinensis and use the natural enemy in pear orchard,the spatial distribution of pear psylla and its main predator′s lacewing fly in pear tree and orchard were explored.In the purpose of providing reference basis for prevention and control of pear psylla,the spatial distribution characteristics of pear psylla and lacewing fly in pear orchard were studied by comparing the distribution characteristics on pear trees and 6 spatial distributions.The results showed that the pear psylla mainly distributed in the lower crown of pear tree,no significant differences were found in the four directions,the pear psylla number was significantly correlated with the density of the pear leaves,pear psylla population were aggregated distribution in pear orchard,and aggregation was depended on the aggregation nature of the insect.The lacewing fly mainly distributed in the lower crown and southeastward of pear tree,significant correlation with the pear psylla only was found in the upper crown,lacewing fly mainly exhibited aggregated distribution in pear orchard.
In order to control the main pest Psylla chinensis and use the natural enemy in pear orchard,the spatial distribution of pear psylla and its main predator′s lacewing fly in pear tree and orchard were explored.In the purpose of providing reference basis for prevention and control of pear psylla,the spatial distribution characteristics of pear psylla and lacewing fly in pear orchard were studied by comparing the distribution characteristics on pear trees and 6 spatial distributions.The results showed that the pear psylla mainly distributed in the lower crown of pear tree,no significant differences were found in the four directions,the pear psylla number was significantly correlated with the density of the pear leaves,pear psylla population were aggregated distribution in pear orchard,and aggregation was depended on the aggregation nature of the insect.The lacewing fly mainly distributed in the lower crown and southeastward of pear tree,significant correlation with the pear psylla only was found in the upper crown,lacewing fly mainly exhibited aggregated distribution in pear orchard.
引文
[1]董九岭,李强,仇服春.梨园梨木虱的发生及无公害防治[J].现代农业科技,2011(10):164,167.
[2]仇贵生,张平,张怀江,等.几种杀虫剂对梨木虱田间防治效果的评价[J].植物保护,2007,3(2):121-122.
[3]韩雪艳,张瑞平,杨继程,等.梨木虱的发生与防治[J].落叶果树,2011(5):34-36.
[4]任爱华,王晓祥,赵玉路.哈尔滨地区梨木虱生活史及药剂防治试验[J].北方园艺,2009(9):88-89.
[5]任学祥,叶正和,陈雨,等.药剂混配对梨木虱的毒力及药效测定[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(19):175-178.
[6]HAN J L,FANG P,XU X M,et al.Study of the pesticides distribution in peel,pulp and paper bag and the safety of pear bagging[J].Food Control,2015,54:338-346.
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[8]盖英萍,冀宪领,刘玉升,等.异色瓢虫对中国梨木虱若虫的捕食作用[J].植物保护学报,2001,28(3):285-286.
[9]魏巍,孔云,张玉萍,等.梨园芳香植物间作区中国梨木虱与其天敌类群的相互作用[J].生态学报,2010,30(8):2063-2074.
[10]孙鹏举,骆有庆,姚东华,等.柳毒蛾幼虫和蛹的空间分布的地统计学分析[J].植物保护学报,2015,42(4):604-611.
[11]赵坚,淡慧丽,赵胜花,等.梨木虱若虫空间分布型初报[J].内蒙古林业科技,2001,200(S1):35-36.
[12]王彩敏.梨木虱若虫空间分布型及抽样技术研究[J].河南林业科技,2010,30(4):31-33.
[13]张勇,王宏伟,冉昆,等.梨木虱第一代卵空间分布格局及抽样技术[J].果树学报,2014,31(5):986-990.
[14]DAVID F N,MOORE P G.Notes on contagious distributions in plant population[J].Annals of Botany,1954,18(1):47-53.
[15]韩铭哲.关于负二项分布参数k值的讨论[J].生物数学学报,1989,4(2):97-101.
[16]王伟,张仁福,刘海洋,等.新疆棉田牧草盲蝽的空间分布规律[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(6):972-978.
[17]LLOYD M.Mean crowding[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,1967,36(1):1-30.
[18]IWAO S I.A new regression method for analyzing the aggregation pattern of animal populations[J].Researches on Population Ecology,1968,10(1):1-20.
[19]TAYLOR L R.Aggregation,variance and the mean[J].Nature,1961,189(4766):732-735.
[20]时爱菊,房巨才,付建柱.中华通草蛉卵、幼虫和成虫在麦田分布型的研究[J].华东昆虫学报,2002,11(1):48-50.
[21]王芊樾,王瑞君,李又霖,等.不同生境对草蛉种群分布影响的研究[J].防护林科技,2014,133(10):51-53,68.
[22]路晓楠,刘奇志,乐文全,等.梨树树形与梨木虱种群发生关系研究[J].北方园艺,2015(4):116-118.
[23]何凯,高晓阳,赵印勇,等.梨园作物间作与生物药剂对梨木虱及其捕食性天敌种群数量动态的协同调控作用[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(3):289-295.
[24]DAUGHERTY M P,BRIGGS C J,WELTER S C.Bottomup and top-down control of pear psylla(Cacopsylla pyricola):Fertilization,plant quality,and the efficacy of the predator Anthocoris nemoralis[J].Biological Control,2007,43(3):257-264.
[2]仇贵生,张平,张怀江,等.几种杀虫剂对梨木虱田间防治效果的评价[J].植物保护,2007,3(2):121-122.
[3]韩雪艳,张瑞平,杨继程,等.梨木虱的发生与防治[J].落叶果树,2011(5):34-36.
[4]任爱华,王晓祥,赵玉路.哈尔滨地区梨木虱生活史及药剂防治试验[J].北方园艺,2009(9):88-89.
[5]任学祥,叶正和,陈雨,等.药剂混配对梨木虱的毒力及药效测定[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(19):175-178.
[6]HAN J L,FANG P,XU X M,et al.Study of the pesticides distribution in peel,pulp and paper bag and the safety of pear bagging[J].Food Control,2015,54:338-346.
[7]潘成杰,杜相革.有机梨园中国梨木虱发生规律与综合防治技术的研究[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(10):303-305.
[8]盖英萍,冀宪领,刘玉升,等.异色瓢虫对中国梨木虱若虫的捕食作用[J].植物保护学报,2001,28(3):285-286.
[9]魏巍,孔云,张玉萍,等.梨园芳香植物间作区中国梨木虱与其天敌类群的相互作用[J].生态学报,2010,30(8):2063-2074.
[10]孙鹏举,骆有庆,姚东华,等.柳毒蛾幼虫和蛹的空间分布的地统计学分析[J].植物保护学报,2015,42(4):604-611.
[11]赵坚,淡慧丽,赵胜花,等.梨木虱若虫空间分布型初报[J].内蒙古林业科技,2001,200(S1):35-36.
[12]王彩敏.梨木虱若虫空间分布型及抽样技术研究[J].河南林业科技,2010,30(4):31-33.
[13]张勇,王宏伟,冉昆,等.梨木虱第一代卵空间分布格局及抽样技术[J].果树学报,2014,31(5):986-990.
[14]DAVID F N,MOORE P G.Notes on contagious distributions in plant population[J].Annals of Botany,1954,18(1):47-53.
[15]韩铭哲.关于负二项分布参数k值的讨论[J].生物数学学报,1989,4(2):97-101.
[16]王伟,张仁福,刘海洋,等.新疆棉田牧草盲蝽的空间分布规律[J].植物保护学报,2016,43(6):972-978.
[17]LLOYD M.Mean crowding[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,1967,36(1):1-30.
[18]IWAO S I.A new regression method for analyzing the aggregation pattern of animal populations[J].Researches on Population Ecology,1968,10(1):1-20.
[19]TAYLOR L R.Aggregation,variance and the mean[J].Nature,1961,189(4766):732-735.
[20]时爱菊,房巨才,付建柱.中华通草蛉卵、幼虫和成虫在麦田分布型的研究[J].华东昆虫学报,2002,11(1):48-50.
[21]王芊樾,王瑞君,李又霖,等.不同生境对草蛉种群分布影响的研究[J].防护林科技,2014,133(10):51-53,68.
[22]路晓楠,刘奇志,乐文全,等.梨树树形与梨木虱种群发生关系研究[J].北方园艺,2015(4):116-118.
[23]何凯,高晓阳,赵印勇,等.梨园作物间作与生物药剂对梨木虱及其捕食性天敌种群数量动态的协同调控作用[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,32(3):289-295.
[24]DAUGHERTY M P,BRIGGS C J,WELTER S C.Bottomup and top-down control of pear psylla(Cacopsylla pyricola):Fertilization,plant quality,and the efficacy of the predator Anthocoris nemoralis[J].Biological Control,2007,43(3):257-264.