气动激扰下车体与悬吊设备耦合振动行为研究
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摘要
基于Simiu风谱的功率谱密度函数,建立自相关模型(AR模型),模拟随高速列车移动的点的随机脉动风速时程,分析得到随机风作用在高速列车车体上的气动激扰。建立考虑车体弹性振动和多个车下悬吊设备的刚柔耦合动力学模型,分析不同环境风速下气动激扰对车体和悬吊设备振动行为的影响。研究表明,气动激扰对车体和悬吊设备的横向和垂向振动特性明显,随着风速的增大,车体和设备振动加剧,但是对于车体横向振动来说,车辆运行速度低于150 km/h,各风速下的差异不明显;合理选取车下悬吊系统的悬挂参数可以有效地降低车体和设备的振动,当环境平均风速5 m/s时,车体横向采用8 Hz的悬挂频率比1 Hz的降低约26.5%的振动;考虑气动激扰的车下悬吊系统振动行为研究可以更加真实地反映车体和悬吊设备的耦合振动关系,为设计更优异性能的车下悬吊系统提供参考价值。
Based on the power spectral density function of Simiu wind, the autocorrelation model was established to calculate a fluctuating wins of a moving point shifting with high-speed trains, thus getting the random aerodynamic loads on high-speed carbody.Considering the carbody flexible vibration and multiple underframe suspended equipment, a rigid-flexible coupling vehicle system dynamics model was built to analysis the influence of aerodynamic loads on vibration behavior of carbody and suspended equipment under different wind speed. The results show that the effect of aerodynamic loads on carbody and suspended equipment vibration is significant. With the increase of vehicle running speed, the vibration of carbody and suspended equipment is intensified. However,carbody lateral vibration is not obvious when the running speed is less than 150 km/h. Reasonable underframe suspended parameters can effectively reduce the vibration of carbody and the equipment. When the wind speed is 5 m/s, the lateral vibration of carbody with8 Hz suspended frequency is 26.5% lower than that with 1 Hz. The study considering the effect of aerodynamic loads can more realistically reflect the vibration behavior of the carbody and the equipment, which can provide reference value for carbody underframe suspended system with better performance.
Based on the power spectral density function of Simiu wind, the autocorrelation model was established to calculate a fluctuating wins of a moving point shifting with high-speed trains, thus getting the random aerodynamic loads on high-speed carbody.Considering the carbody flexible vibration and multiple underframe suspended equipment, a rigid-flexible coupling vehicle system dynamics model was built to analysis the influence of aerodynamic loads on vibration behavior of carbody and suspended equipment under different wind speed. The results show that the effect of aerodynamic loads on carbody and suspended equipment vibration is significant. With the increase of vehicle running speed, the vibration of carbody and suspended equipment is intensified. However,carbody lateral vibration is not obvious when the running speed is less than 150 km/h. Reasonable underframe suspended parameters can effectively reduce the vibration of carbody and the equipment. When the wind speed is 5 m/s, the lateral vibration of carbody with8 Hz suspended frequency is 26.5% lower than that with 1 Hz. The study considering the effect of aerodynamic loads can more realistically reflect the vibration behavior of the carbody and the equipment, which can provide reference value for carbody underframe suspended system with better performance.
引文
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[15]于梦阁,张继业,张卫华.随机风速下高速列车的运行安全可靠性[J].力学学报,2013,45(4):483-492.YU Mengge,ZHANG Jiye,ZHANG Weihua.Operational safety reliability of high-speed trains under stochastic winds[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2013,45(4):483-492.
[16]SIMIU E.Wind spectra and dynamic along wind response[J].Journal of the Structure Division,1974,100(9):1897-1910.
[17]钟春.阵风风谱的风洞模拟研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004.ZHONG Chun.Studies on simulation of gust spectrum in the wind tunnel[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2004.
[18]ZHANG Zihua,LI Junhua and PING Zhuge.Failure analysis of large-scale wind power structure under simulated typhoon[J].Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2014(1):1-10.
[19]舒新玲,周岱.风速时程AR模型及其快速实现[J].空间结构,2003,9(4):27-32.SHU Xinling,ZHOU Dai.AR model of wind speed time series and its rapid implementation[J].Spatial Structures,2003,9(4):27-32.
[20]CEN(European Committee for Standardization),EN14067-6:2010.Railway applications aerodynamics-part 6:Requirements and test procedures for cross wind assessment[S].Brussels:CEN-CENELEC Management Centre,2010.
[2]ZHOU J,GOODALL R,et al.Influence of carbody vertical flexibility on ride quality of passenger railway vehicles[J].Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2009,223(5):461-471.
[3]郝建华,曾京,邬平波.铁路车辆垂向减振与悬挂系统参数优化[J].交通运输工程学报,2005,5(4):10-14.HAO Jianhua,ZENG Jing,WU Pingbo.Vertical vibration isolation and suspension parameter optimization of railway vehicle[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2005,5(4):10-14.
[4]汪群生,曾京,罗光兵等.车轮磨耗下车下悬吊系统振动特性研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(10):113-118.WANG Qunsheng,ZENG Jing,LUO Guangbing,et al.Study on vibration behavior of carbody underneath suspended systems under wheel profile wear[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(10):113-118.
[5]吴会超,邬平波,曾京,等.车下设备对车体振动的影响[J].交通运输工程学报,2012,12(5):50-56.WU Huichao,WU Pingbo,ZENG Jing,et al.Influence of equipment under car on carbody vibration[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2012,12(5):50-56.
[6]罗光兵,曾京,罗仁.车下设备悬吊方式对车体振动的影响[J].铁道学报,2015,37(5):9-14.LUO Guangbing,ZENG Jing,LUO Ren.The influence of underframe equipment suspended types on carbody vibrations[J].Journal of China Railway Society,2015,37(5):9-14.
[7]石怀龙,邬平波,罗仁.高速动车组弹性车体和设备耦合振动特性[J].西南交通大学学报,2014,49(4):693-699.SHI Huailong,WU Pingbo,LUO Ren.Coupled vibration characteristics of flexible car body and equipment of EMU[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2014,49(4):693-699.
[8]SHI Huailong,LUO Ren,WU Pingbo,et al.Application of DVA theory in vibration reduction of carbody with suspended equipment for high speed EMU[J].Science China Technological Sciences,2014,57(7):1425-1438
[9]石怀龙,罗仁,邬平波,等.基于动力吸振原理的动车组车下设备悬挂参数设计[J].机械工程学报,2014,50(14):155-161.SHI Huailong,LUO Ren,WU Pingbo,et al.Suspension parameters designing of equipment for electric multiple units based on dynamic vibration absorber theory[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2014,50(14):155-161.
[10]宫岛,周劲松,孙文静,等.高速列车车下设备模态匹配研究[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(8):180-185.GONG Dao,ZHAO Jingsong,SUN Wenjing,et al.Modes matching between suspended devices and car body for a high-speed railway vehicle[J].Journal of Shock and Vibration,2014,33(8):180-185.
[11]于梦阁,张继业,张卫华.桥梁上高速列车的强横风运行安全性[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(18):104-111.YU Mengge,ZHANG Jiye,ZHANG Weihua.Running safety of high-speed trains on bridges under strong crosswinds[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2012,48(18):104-111.
[12]BAKER C J.The simulation of unsteady aerodynamic cross wind forces on trains[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2010,98:88-99.
[13]崔涛,张卫华.高速列车侧风安全域计算方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2011,11(5):42-48.CUI Tao,ZHANG Weihua.Calculation method of cross wind security domain for high-speed train[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2011,11(5):42-48.
[14]高广军,苗秀娟.强横风下青藏线客车在不同高度桥梁上的气动性能分析[J].中南大学学报,2010,41(2):376-380.GAO Guangjun,MIAO Xiujuan.Aerodynamic performance of passenger train on different height of bridge of Qinghai-Tibet railway line under strong cross wind[J].Journal of Central South University,2010,41(2):376-380.
[15]于梦阁,张继业,张卫华.随机风速下高速列车的运行安全可靠性[J].力学学报,2013,45(4):483-492.YU Mengge,ZHANG Jiye,ZHANG Weihua.Operational safety reliability of high-speed trains under stochastic winds[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2013,45(4):483-492.
[16]SIMIU E.Wind spectra and dynamic along wind response[J].Journal of the Structure Division,1974,100(9):1897-1910.
[17]钟春.阵风风谱的风洞模拟研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004.ZHONG Chun.Studies on simulation of gust spectrum in the wind tunnel[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2004.
[18]ZHANG Zihua,LI Junhua and PING Zhuge.Failure analysis of large-scale wind power structure under simulated typhoon[J].Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2014(1):1-10.
[19]舒新玲,周岱.风速时程AR模型及其快速实现[J].空间结构,2003,9(4):27-32.SHU Xinling,ZHOU Dai.AR model of wind speed time series and its rapid implementation[J].Spatial Structures,2003,9(4):27-32.
[20]CEN(European Committee for Standardization),EN14067-6:2010.Railway applications aerodynamics-part 6:Requirements and test procedures for cross wind assessment[S].Brussels:CEN-CENELEC Management Centre,2010.