父辈资本对房产代际转移的影响——基于CGSS2015调查数据的分析
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摘要
随着房地产价格的节节攀升,房产代际转移日益成为影响我国社会再分配公平公正的一个重要因素。运用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2015年数据,应用工具变量法对我国房产代际转移影响因素中的父辈资本进行研究的结果表明:父亲与母亲的人力资本水平将会分别提高房产代际转移发生的概率及规模,其社会资本水平将会分别降低房产代际转移发生的概率及规模;子辈受教育程度的提高将会减少房产代际转移的依赖程度。而同时考虑父母人力资本水平和社会资本水平的影响,两者的人力资本水平通常表现为相互矛盾的结果:当母亲的人力资本水平较高时,通常对父亲人力资本水平的影响存在"挤出效应";母亲对子代人力资本水平的影响更为深刻,进而传递到房产代际转移上。
With the rise of real estate prices, the intergenerational transfer of housing becomes one of the important factors which influences the justice and fairness of social redistribution in our country. The instrumental variable method is applied to analyzed the influence between the parents' capital and the intergenerational transfer of housing while the causal inference method and the score matching method are used for robustness test. Our findings reveal that the human capital level of the parents increases the occurrence probability and scale of the intergenerational transfer of housing while the social capital level of the parents decreases them; the Children with a higher level of education are less dependent on their parents in the intergenerational transfer of housing. Moreover, considering the influence of the mother's and father's human and social capital levels, their different human capital levels lead to conflicting outcome: when the human capital level of the mother is higher, that of the father will be lower; in other words, mothers have deeper influence on children's human capital, and therefore they are more influential in the intergenerational transfer of housing.
With the rise of real estate prices, the intergenerational transfer of housing becomes one of the important factors which influences the justice and fairness of social redistribution in our country. The instrumental variable method is applied to analyzed the influence between the parents' capital and the intergenerational transfer of housing while the causal inference method and the score matching method are used for robustness test. Our findings reveal that the human capital level of the parents increases the occurrence probability and scale of the intergenerational transfer of housing while the social capital level of the parents decreases them; the Children with a higher level of education are less dependent on their parents in the intergenerational transfer of housing. Moreover, considering the influence of the mother's and father's human and social capital levels, their different human capital levels lead to conflicting outcome: when the human capital level of the mother is higher, that of the father will be lower; in other words, mothers have deeper influence on children's human capital, and therefore they are more influential in the intergenerational transfer of housing.
引文
(1)秦雪征:《代际流动性及其传导机制研究进展》,《经济学动态》2014年第9期,第115-124页。
(2)Dirk Van de Gaer,Erik Schokkaert and Michelle Martinez,“Three Meanings of Intergenerational Mobility,”Economica,Vol.68,Is‐sue 272,2001,pp.519-537.
(3)Duncan Beverly,“Education and Social Background,”American Journal of Sociology,Vol.4,Issue 72,1967,pp.363-372.
(4)Gary S.Becker,“A Theory of Social Interactions,”Journal of Political Economy,Vol.82,No.6,1974,pp.1063-1093.
(5)Robert J.Barro,“Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?”Journal of Political Economy,Vol.82,No.6,1974,pp.1095-1117.
(6)B.Douglas Bernheim,Andrei Shleifer and Lawrence H.Summers,“The Strategic Bequest Motive,”Journal of Political Economy,Vol.4,No.3,1985,pp.1045-1076.
(7)Paul L.Menchik and Martin David,“Income Distribution,Lifetime Savings,and Bequests,”American Economic Review,Vol.73,No.4,1983,pp.672-690.
(1)陈琳、袁志刚:《中国代际收入流动性的趋势与内在传递机制》,《世界经济》2012年第6期,第115页。
(2)Heckman James and Vytlacil Edward,“Identifying the Role of Cognitive Ability in Explaining the Level of and Change in the Return of Schooling,”Review of Economics&Statistics,Vol.83,No.1,2001,pp.1-12;Eric A.Hanushek and Ludger Woessmann,“The Role of Cognitive Skills in Economic Development,”Journal of Economic Literature,Vol.46,No.3,2008,pp.607-668.
(3)李实、丁赛:《中国城镇教育收益率的长期变动趋势》,《中国社会科学》2003年第6期,第58-72页。
(4)周兴、王芳:《城乡居民家庭代际收入流动的比较研究》,《人口学刊》2014年第36期,第64-73页。
(5)杨瑞龙、王宇锋、刘和旺:《父亲政治身份、政治关系和子女收入》,《经济学(季刊)》2010年第9期,第871-890页。
(6)陈琳、袁志刚:《中国代际收入流动性的趋势与内在传递机制》,第115-131页。
(7)刘建和、胡跃峰:《基于家庭财富资本的居民收入代际传递研究》,《浙江金融》2014年第9期,第11-16页。
(8)涂锦、陈雷:《我国家庭房产代际传递对消费行为的影响》,《商业经济研究》2017年第7期,第59-61页。
(1)Jonathan Guryan,Erik Hurst and Melissa Kearney,“Parental Education and Parental Time with Children,”Journal of Economic Perspectives,Vol.22,No.3,2008,pp.23-46;Sharada Weir and John Knight,“Externality Effects of Education:Dynamics of the Adop‐tion and Diffusion of an Innovation in Rural Ethiopia,”Economic Development&Cultural Change,Vol.53,No.1,2004,pp.93-113;Sharada Weir and John Knight,“Adoption and Diffusion of Agricultural Innovations in Ethiopia:The Role of Education,”Csae Working Paper,April 2000.
(1)Eric Plug,“Estimating the Effect of Mother's Schooling on Children's Schooling Using a Sample of Adoptees,”American Economic Review,Vol.94,Issue 1,2004,pp.358-368;Anders Bj?rklund,Mikael Lindahl and Eric Plug,“The Origins of Intergenerational Associations:Lessons from Swedish Adoption Data,”Social Science Electronic Publishing,Vol.121,Issue 3,2005,pp.999-1028;Chiara Pronzato,“An Examination of Paternal and Maternal Intergenerational Transmission of Schooling,”Journal of Population Economics,Vol.25,Issue2,2012,pp.591-608;Janet Currie and Enrico Moretti,“Mother's Education and the Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital:Evidence from College Openings,”The Quarterly Journal of Economics,Vol.118,No.4,2003,pp.1495-1532.
(2)广发银行、西南财经大学:《2018中国城市家庭财富健康报告》,2019年1月21日,第11页,https://chfs.swufe.edu.cn/xiangqing.aspx?id=1914。
(2)Dirk Van de Gaer,Erik Schokkaert and Michelle Martinez,“Three Meanings of Intergenerational Mobility,”Economica,Vol.68,Is‐sue 272,2001,pp.519-537.
(3)Duncan Beverly,“Education and Social Background,”American Journal of Sociology,Vol.4,Issue 72,1967,pp.363-372.
(4)Gary S.Becker,“A Theory of Social Interactions,”Journal of Political Economy,Vol.82,No.6,1974,pp.1063-1093.
(5)Robert J.Barro,“Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?”Journal of Political Economy,Vol.82,No.6,1974,pp.1095-1117.
(6)B.Douglas Bernheim,Andrei Shleifer and Lawrence H.Summers,“The Strategic Bequest Motive,”Journal of Political Economy,Vol.4,No.3,1985,pp.1045-1076.
(7)Paul L.Menchik and Martin David,“Income Distribution,Lifetime Savings,and Bequests,”American Economic Review,Vol.73,No.4,1983,pp.672-690.
(1)陈琳、袁志刚:《中国代际收入流动性的趋势与内在传递机制》,《世界经济》2012年第6期,第115页。
(2)Heckman James and Vytlacil Edward,“Identifying the Role of Cognitive Ability in Explaining the Level of and Change in the Return of Schooling,”Review of Economics&Statistics,Vol.83,No.1,2001,pp.1-12;Eric A.Hanushek and Ludger Woessmann,“The Role of Cognitive Skills in Economic Development,”Journal of Economic Literature,Vol.46,No.3,2008,pp.607-668.
(3)李实、丁赛:《中国城镇教育收益率的长期变动趋势》,《中国社会科学》2003年第6期,第58-72页。
(4)周兴、王芳:《城乡居民家庭代际收入流动的比较研究》,《人口学刊》2014年第36期,第64-73页。
(5)杨瑞龙、王宇锋、刘和旺:《父亲政治身份、政治关系和子女收入》,《经济学(季刊)》2010年第9期,第871-890页。
(6)陈琳、袁志刚:《中国代际收入流动性的趋势与内在传递机制》,第115-131页。
(7)刘建和、胡跃峰:《基于家庭财富资本的居民收入代际传递研究》,《浙江金融》2014年第9期,第11-16页。
(8)涂锦、陈雷:《我国家庭房产代际传递对消费行为的影响》,《商业经济研究》2017年第7期,第59-61页。
(1)Jonathan Guryan,Erik Hurst and Melissa Kearney,“Parental Education and Parental Time with Children,”Journal of Economic Perspectives,Vol.22,No.3,2008,pp.23-46;Sharada Weir and John Knight,“Externality Effects of Education:Dynamics of the Adop‐tion and Diffusion of an Innovation in Rural Ethiopia,”Economic Development&Cultural Change,Vol.53,No.1,2004,pp.93-113;Sharada Weir and John Knight,“Adoption and Diffusion of Agricultural Innovations in Ethiopia:The Role of Education,”Csae Working Paper,April 2000.
(1)Eric Plug,“Estimating the Effect of Mother's Schooling on Children's Schooling Using a Sample of Adoptees,”American Economic Review,Vol.94,Issue 1,2004,pp.358-368;Anders Bj?rklund,Mikael Lindahl and Eric Plug,“The Origins of Intergenerational Associations:Lessons from Swedish Adoption Data,”Social Science Electronic Publishing,Vol.121,Issue 3,2005,pp.999-1028;Chiara Pronzato,“An Examination of Paternal and Maternal Intergenerational Transmission of Schooling,”Journal of Population Economics,Vol.25,Issue2,2012,pp.591-608;Janet Currie and Enrico Moretti,“Mother's Education and the Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital:Evidence from College Openings,”The Quarterly Journal of Economics,Vol.118,No.4,2003,pp.1495-1532.
(2)广发银行、西南财经大学:《2018中国城市家庭财富健康报告》,2019年1月21日,第11页,https://chfs.swufe.edu.cn/xiangqing.aspx?id=1914。