兰科植物染色体研究现状及前景
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摘要
兰科包含约880个属,近30 000种植物,兰花形态类型十分丰富,是研究被子植物花器官进化的良好模式类群。目前,兰科植物的染色体进化研究十分受限,其物种形成和进化过程仍不清楚,并且缺乏如着丝粒、端粒、核仁组织区等细胞学标记。本综述从常规和分子细胞遗传学方面对兰花染色体研究进行了综述,分析并讨论了表观/流式-细胞遗传学近年的研究进展,以及测序技术在细胞学标记开发中的作用,为兰科植物染色体研究和杂交育种提供了重要参考。
The large family Orchidaceae compromises approximately 30 000 species that belong to 880 genera.Orchids are abundant in morphological types and are a good model group for studying the evolution of flower organs in angiosperms. At present, the research on chromosome evolution of Orchidaceae plants is very limited.The process of species formation and evolution is still unclear, and cytological markers such as centromeres,telomeres and NORs(nucleolar organizing regions) are lacking. This review summarized the studies on chromosomes of orchids in terms of routine and molecular cytogenetics, analyzed and discussed the recent advances in epigenetic/flow cytogenetics, and the role of sequencing technology in the development of cytological markers,which could provide important references for chromosome research and hybrid breeding of orchids.
The large family Orchidaceae compromises approximately 30 000 species that belong to 880 genera.Orchids are abundant in morphological types and are a good model group for studying the evolution of flower organs in angiosperms. At present, the research on chromosome evolution of Orchidaceae plants is very limited.The process of species formation and evolution is still unclear, and cytological markers such as centromeres,telomeres and NORs(nucleolar organizing regions) are lacking. This review summarized the studies on chromosomes of orchids in terms of routine and molecular cytogenetics, analyzed and discussed the recent advances in epigenetic/flow cytogenetics, and the role of sequencing technology in the development of cytological markers,which could provide important references for chromosome research and hybrid breeding of orchids.
引文
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