几种除草剂对恶性杂草野艾蒿的防除效果及对胡麻生长发育的影响
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摘要
采用田间试验的方法,测定了几种除草剂单剂和混用配方对胡麻田恶性杂草野艾蒿的防除效果及对胡麻生长发育的影响。结果显示,75%二氯吡啶酸SG+56%2甲4氯钠盐SP、75%二氯吡啶酸SG+90%莠去津WG混配、75%二氯吡啶酸SG单剂对野艾蒿的株防效、地上部鲜重防效、地下部鲜重防效分别达到93.24%～97.46%、94.69%～96.77%和90.13%～96.40%,对靶标杂草野艾蒿防除效果明显且对胡麻无药害,胡麻产量较空白对照分别增加36.59%、4.14%和20.86%。48%灭草松AS虽对野艾蒿的综合防效较低,但其对胡麻无药害且胡麻蒴果数、千粒重较大,胡麻产量较空白对照增长61.27%。90%2甲·草甘膦SP、82%草甘膦异丙胺盐AS、20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC、70.5%2甲·唑草酮WG、20%敌草快AS 5种除草剂对胡麻安全性低,不宜应用于胡麻田野艾蒿的防治。结合各除草剂处理后胡麻的药害、经济性状、生物产量、籽粒产量以及对野艾蒿的防除效果进行综合分析,胡麻田野艾蒿防除除草剂选择适宜度依次为:75%二氯吡啶酸SG+56%2甲4氯钠盐SP混配>75%二氯吡啶酸SG>48%灭草松AS>75%二氯吡啶酸SG+90%莠去津WG混配。本文为胡麻田恶性杂草野艾蒿的化学防除提供了理论依据。
Field experiment method was conducted to study the control effect of several herbicides and mixtures on Artemisia lavandulaefolia and influence on the growth of flax. The results showed that the plant control effect, fresh weight control effect of ground or underground part of clopyralid 75% SG+ MCPA-Na 56% SP, clopyralid 75% SG+ atrazine 90% WG, clopyralid 75% SG reached more than 96%, 93% and 90%, respectively. They all have an obvious control effect on A. lavandulaefolia and no damage to flax, the yield of flax increased by 36.59%, 4.14% and 20.86% than blank control. Although comprehensive control effect of bentazone 48% AS on A. lavandulaefolia is low, but it's no harm to flax and the number of capsularfruit and 1 000-seeds weight of flax is larger, the yield of flax increased by 61.27% than blank control. MCPA·glyphosate 90% SP, glyphosate isopropylammonium 82% AS,fluroxypyr 20% EC, MCPA·carfentrazone-ethyl 70.5% WG and diguat 20% AS can't be adopted to prevent A. lavandulaefolia in flax field due to the low safety on flax. Combined with the phytotoxicity, economic characters, biological yield, grain yield of flax and the control effect of A. lavandulaefolia were analyzed, the selection suitability of herbicides to control A. lavandulaefolia in flax field as follows: clopyralid 75% SG+MCPA-Na 56% SP>clopyralid 75% SG>bentazone 48% AS>clopyralid 75% SG+atrazine 90% WG. This paper provide a theoretical basis for chemical control of A. lavandulaefolia in flax field.
Field experiment method was conducted to study the control effect of several herbicides and mixtures on Artemisia lavandulaefolia and influence on the growth of flax. The results showed that the plant control effect, fresh weight control effect of ground or underground part of clopyralid 75% SG+ MCPA-Na 56% SP, clopyralid 75% SG+ atrazine 90% WG, clopyralid 75% SG reached more than 96%, 93% and 90%, respectively. They all have an obvious control effect on A. lavandulaefolia and no damage to flax, the yield of flax increased by 36.59%, 4.14% and 20.86% than blank control. Although comprehensive control effect of bentazone 48% AS on A. lavandulaefolia is low, but it's no harm to flax and the number of capsularfruit and 1 000-seeds weight of flax is larger, the yield of flax increased by 61.27% than blank control. MCPA·glyphosate 90% SP, glyphosate isopropylammonium 82% AS,fluroxypyr 20% EC, MCPA·carfentrazone-ethyl 70.5% WG and diguat 20% AS can't be adopted to prevent A. lavandulaefolia in flax field due to the low safety on flax. Combined with the phytotoxicity, economic characters, biological yield, grain yield of flax and the control effect of A. lavandulaefolia were analyzed, the selection suitability of herbicides to control A. lavandulaefolia in flax field as follows: clopyralid 75% SG+MCPA-Na 56% SP>clopyralid 75% SG>bentazone 48% AS>clopyralid 75% SG+atrazine 90% WG. This paper provide a theoretical basis for chemical control of A. lavandulaefolia in flax field.
引文
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[3] 祁旭升,王兴荣,许军,等.胡麻种质资源成株期抗旱性评价[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(15):3076-3087.
[4] 赵利,党占海,张建平,等.不同类型胡麻品种资源品质特性及其相关性研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(5):6-9.
[5] 王士强,胡银岗,佘奎军,等.小麦抗旱相关农艺性状和生理生化性状的灰色关联度分析[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(11):2452-2459.
[6] 汤树德,李汉昌,石晶波.化学除草剂对土壤中微生物生态和物质转化过程的影响[J].土壤学报1984,21(1):95-104.
[7] 刘惠君,詹秀明,刘维屏.四种酰胺类除草剂对土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2005,25(5):611-614.
[8] 张爱云,蔡道基.除草剂对土壤微生物活性、土壤氨化作用和硝化作用的影响[J].农村生态环境,1990(3):62-65.
[9] 吴文君,高希武.生物农药及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:73-153.
[2] 李璞,龚庆维,李联芳,等.草甘膦、百草敌对野艾篙地下根茎杀伤力的研究[J].杂草科学,1989(4):9-11.
[3] 祁旭升,王兴荣,许军,等.胡麻种质资源成株期抗旱性评价[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(15):3076-3087.
[4] 赵利,党占海,张建平,等.不同类型胡麻品种资源品质特性及其相关性研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(5):6-9.
[5] 王士强,胡银岗,佘奎军,等.小麦抗旱相关农艺性状和生理生化性状的灰色关联度分析[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(11):2452-2459.
[6] 汤树德,李汉昌,石晶波.化学除草剂对土壤中微生物生态和物质转化过程的影响[J].土壤学报1984,21(1):95-104.
[7] 刘惠君,詹秀明,刘维屏.四种酰胺类除草剂对土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国环境科学,2005,25(5):611-614.
[8] 张爱云,蔡道基.除草剂对土壤微生物活性、土壤氨化作用和硝化作用的影响[J].农村生态环境,1990(3):62-65.
[9] 吴文君,高希武.生物农药及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:73-153.