水流和光照条件对舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida(Harv)Yamad果孢子萌发生长的影响
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摘要
在不同水流和不同光照条件下,分别对舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida(Harv)Yamad果孢子萌发情况展开研究,以期为其苗种生产奠定基础。舌状蜈蚣藻果孢子在附着1 d、15 d后,置于不同水流速度(0、1、1.5、4、7、10、14 cm/s;1.5 cm/s流速由充气控制,其他流速由流水装置控制)培养20 d;舌状蜈蚣藻果孢子附着1 d后,在不同光照周期(6L∶18D、8L∶16D、10L∶14D、12L∶12D、14L∶10D、16L∶8D)和不同光照强度(35、85、135μmol photons/m~2·s)交叉条件下培养70 d。结果显示,附着1 d的果孢子萌发体在静止条件下的萌发生长明显优于其他水流速度下的(P<0.05);附着15 d的果孢子萌发体在1.5 cm/s流速下的萌发生长最好(P<0.05),在静止条件下的萌发生长明显慢于其他流速下的各组(P<0.05)。光照周期和光照强度对果孢子萌发生长的影响显著(P<0.05),这二者对盘状体和孢苗生长的影响具有交互作用(P<0.05),对盘状体萌发出直立体的影响没有交互作用(P>0.05)。光照时间为8–10 h,盘状体萌发直立体的百分率以及孢苗的高度明显高于其他光照时间下的各组。光照强度为35μmol photons/m~2·s时,盘状体萌发直立体的百分率以及孢苗的高度明显比其他光照强度下的高。研究表明,在舌状蜈蚣藻育苗生产中,可采取孢子刚附着时静水培养,附苗后15 d充气培养,并控制光照时间为8–10 h和光照强度为35μmol photons/m~2·s。
Grateloupia livida(Harv)Yamad is a red seaweed that has high economic value.In recent years,research on the seed production of G.livida has gained more and more attention.To further understand the progress of seed production,we studied the effects of water velocity and light on the growth and development of G.livida carpospores under the laboratory conditions.G.livida carpospores that attached for 1 d and 15 d were incubated in the water with different velocities(0,1,1.5,4,7,10,14 cm/s)for 20 d.The 0 cm/s group was the control group(without any water flow or under non-aerated condition).Except that the 1.5 cm/s group was controlled by aeration,all other groups were controlled by the water flow equipment.G.livida carpospores that attached for 1 d were incubated with different light intensity(35,85,135μmol photons/m~2·s)at different photo periods(6L:18D,8L:16D,10L:14D,12L:12D,14L:10D and 16L:8D)for 70 d.The results were described as follows:G.livida carpospores that attached for 1 d developed faster in the 0 cm/s group than in the other water velocity groups(P<0.05).The carpospores that attached for 15 d had grew and developed more slowly in the 0 cm/s group than in any other water velocity groups,and the optimum water velocity was 1.5 cm/s(P<0.05).The photo period and light intensity had a significant effect on the growth and development of G.livida carpospores and had interactive effects on the growth of the disc and plantlet(P<0.05).The optimum light condition for G.livida carpospores was 8L:16D and 10L:14D as the photo period and 35μmol photons/m~2·s as the light intensity.We recommended that the released carpospores of G.livida should be incubated in the still water for 15 d and then in the water with a velocity of 1.5 cm/s(by aeration)under the light intensity of35μmol photons/m~2·s and photo period of 8L:16D or 10L:14D.
Grateloupia livida(Harv)Yamad is a red seaweed that has high economic value.In recent years,research on the seed production of G.livida has gained more and more attention.To further understand the progress of seed production,we studied the effects of water velocity and light on the growth and development of G.livida carpospores under the laboratory conditions.G.livida carpospores that attached for 1 d and 15 d were incubated in the water with different velocities(0,1,1.5,4,7,10,14 cm/s)for 20 d.The 0 cm/s group was the control group(without any water flow or under non-aerated condition).Except that the 1.5 cm/s group was controlled by aeration,all other groups were controlled by the water flow equipment.G.livida carpospores that attached for 1 d were incubated with different light intensity(35,85,135μmol photons/m~2·s)at different photo periods(6L:18D,8L:16D,10L:14D,12L:12D,14L:10D and 16L:8D)for 70 d.The results were described as follows:G.livida carpospores that attached for 1 d developed faster in the 0 cm/s group than in the other water velocity groups(P<0.05).The carpospores that attached for 15 d had grew and developed more slowly in the 0 cm/s group than in any other water velocity groups,and the optimum water velocity was 1.5 cm/s(P<0.05).The photo period and light intensity had a significant effect on the growth and development of G.livida carpospores and had interactive effects on the growth of the disc and plantlet(P<0.05).The optimum light condition for G.livida carpospores was 8L:16D and 10L:14D as the photo period and 35μmol photons/m~2·s as the light intensity.We recommended that the released carpospores of G.livida should be incubated in the still water for 15 d and then in the water with a velocity of 1.5 cm/s(by aeration)under the light intensity of35μmol photons/m~2·s and photo period of 8L:16D or 10L:14D.
引文
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Chen SW,Guo YJ,Chen LX,et al.Experimental facility and experimental method for researching influences of water flow to attachment,germination and growth of alga spores:China,ZL201520228848.X,2015b[陈素文,郭永坚,陈利雄,等.用于研究水流对海藻孢子附着、萌发生长影响的实验装置.专利号:ZL201520228848.X,2015b]
Chen SW,Wu JF,Chen LX,et al.Effects of light and temperature on the attachment and development of Gloiopeltis tenax and Gloiopeltis furcata tetraspores.Journal of Applied Phycology,2011,23(6):1045-1051
Chen WZ,Song ZM,Huang ZJ.Effects of temperature and irradiance on early development of Grateloupia livida.South China Fisheries Science,2013,9(6):14-19[陈伟洲,宋志民,黄中坚.温度、光照强度对舌状蜈蚣藻早期发育的影响.南方水产科学,2013,9(6):14-19]
Chen WZ,Zhong ZH,Jin YL,et al.Effects of light intensity,temperature and salinity on growth and biochemical constituents of Hypnea cervicornis.South China Fisheries Science,2014,10(2):48-53[陈伟洲,钟志海,金玉林,等.光照强度、温度和盐度对鹿角沙菜生长及生化组分的影响.南方水产科学,2014,10(2):48-53]
Gao K.Effects of seawater current speed on the photosynthetic oxygen evolution of Sargassum thunbergii(Phaeophyta).Japanese Journal of Phycology,1991,39:291-293(in Japanese)
Gerard VA.In situ water motion and nutrient uptake by the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera.Marine Biology,1982,69(1):51-54
Han TT,Fang JG,Zhang JH,et al.Effect of light intensity on the photosynthetical responses of Gracilaria lemaneiformis in non-aerated and aerated cultures.Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(12):1801-1806[韩婷婷,方建光,张继红,等.静止和充气培养条件下光强对龙须菜光合生理效应的影响.水产学报,2013,37(12):1801-1806]
Hurd CL,Harrison PJ,Druehl LD.Effect of seawater velocity on inorganic nitrogen uptake by morphologically distinct forms of Macrocystis integrifolia from wave-sheltered and exposed sites.Marine Biology,1996,126(2):205-214
Hurd CL.Water motion,marine macroalgal physiology,and production.Journal of Phycology,2000,36(3):453-472
Jiang Z,Chen Y,Yao F,et al.Antioxidant,antibacterial and antischistosomal activities of extracts from Grateloupia livida(Harv).Yamada.PLo S One,2013,8(11):e80413
Li WD,Wu X,Jiang D,et al.Prospect of application and artificial culture of Grateloupia.Hebei Fisheries,2012(11):48-54[李卫东,吴茜,蒋丹,等.蜈蚣藻属海藻的应用及人工养殖前景展望.河北渔业,2012(11):48-54]
Li WX,Ding ZF,Chen SF,et al.A study on the reproductive organs of Grateloupia livida.Journal of Zhanjiang Fisheries College,1989,9(1-2):110-115[李伟新,丁镇芬,陈少凡,等.舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida(Harv.)Yamada生殖器官的研究.湛江水产学院学报,1989,9(1-2):110-115]
Mansilla A,Rosenfeld S,Rendoll J,et al.Tolerance response of Lessonia flavicans from the sub-Antarctic ecoregion of Magallanes under controlled environmental conditions.Journal of Applied Phycology,2014,26(5):1971-1977
Mc Kamey KA,Amsler CD.Effects of temperature and light on growth of the Antarctic algae Geminocarpus geminatus(Ectocarpales:Phaeophyceae)and Cladophora repens(Cladophorales:Cladophorophyceae)in culture.Phycologia,2006,45(2):225-232
Meng WJ,Wang P,Gui FK,et al.Nutrient uptakes by Ishige foliaceaokamurai and Sargassum fusiforme differ in algal section and mass,carbon concentration,and water flow.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2014,45(3):663-668[孟伟杰,王萍,桂福坤,等.藻体部位、藻质量、碳源、水流对铁钉菜和羊栖菜营养盐吸收的影响.海洋与湖沼,2014,45(3):663-668]
Ryder E,Nelson SG,Mc Keon C,et al.Effect of water motion on the cultivation of the economic seaweed Gracilaria parvispora(Rhodophyta)on Molokai,Hawaii.Aquaculture,2004,238(1-4):207-219
Sánchez-Romero A,Miranda-Baeza A,López-Elías JA,et al.Effect of light regime on the N-ammonium removal by the red algae Gracilaria vermiculophylla.Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences,2012,4(5):613-618
Song ZM,Chen WZ,Liu T.Effect of temperature,irradiance and salinity on the release and attachment of carpospore of Grateloupia livida.Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2013(1):90-96[宋志民,陈伟洲,刘涛.温度、光强和盐度对舌状蜈蚣藻果孢子放散与附着的影响.海洋湖沼通报,2013(1):90-96]
Tseng CK.Common seaweeds of China.Beijing:Science Press,1983,94
Vasuky S,Ganesan M,Rao PVS.Effect of light intensity,photoperiod,ESP medium and nitrogen sources on growth of marine brown alga Padina boergesenii(Dictyotales,Phaeophyta).Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences,2001,30(4):228-231
Wang W,Lin JM,Jin DX.Photocontrol of development in algae.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,1998,15(5):31-39[王伟,林均民,金德祥.藻类的光控发育.植物学通报,1998,15(5):31-39]
Wei T,Gu WH,Li J,et al.Effect of photoperiod on microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2013,48(2):168-173[韦韬,顾文辉,李健,等.雨生红球藻的光周期效应.植物学报,2013,48(2):168-173]
Wheeler WN.Effect of boundary layer transport on the fixation of carbon by the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera.Marine Biology,1980,56(2):103-110
Xia BM.Flora algarum marinarum sinicarum,TomusⅡRhodophyta,No.Ⅲ.Beijing,Science Press,2004,118-122[夏邦美.中国海藻志·第二卷·红藻门·第三册.北京:科学出版社,2004,118-122]
Yang J,Luo QJ,Qiu CG,et al.Effects of temperature,salinity and light on growth of Grateloupia filicina filament.Journal of Biology,2015,32(2):65-69[杨晋,骆其君,邱成功,等.温度、盐度、光照对蜈蚣藻丝状体生长的影响.生物学杂志,2015,32(2):65-69]
Ye DY,Jiang ZB,Zheng FC,et al.Optimized extraction of polysaccharides from Grateloupia livida(Harv.)Yamada and biological activities.Molecules,2015,20(9):16817-16832
Zhang LJ.Initial study on the isolated regeneration of the fragments of Grateloupia livida(Harv.)Yamada.Journal of Jimei University(Natural Science),2000,5(3):35-39[张丽娟.舌状蜈蚣藻切段离体再生的初步研究.集美大学学报(自然科学版),2000,5(3):35-39]
Zhang PY,Zhang QS,Tang XX,et al.Seedling culture techniques for producing kelp gametophyte clone.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2005,11(5):545-548[张培玉,张全胜,唐学玺,等.海带配子体克隆育苗生产中幼苗培育技术的研究.应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(5):545-548]
Zou DH.Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on growth,photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in the economic brown seaweed,Hizikia fusiforme(Sargassaceae,Phaeophyta).Aquaculture,2005,250(3-4):726-735
Chen SW,Chen LX,Zhang WW,et al.Device for be used for experiment of marine alga photoperiod:China,ZL2015202-16205.3,2015a[陈素文,陈利雄,张文文,等.一种用于海藻光周期实验的装置.专利号:ZL201520216205.3,2015a]
Chen SW,Guo YJ,Chen LX,et al.Experimental facility and experimental method for researching influences of water flow to attachment,germination and growth of alga spores:China,ZL201520228848.X,2015b[陈素文,郭永坚,陈利雄,等.用于研究水流对海藻孢子附着、萌发生长影响的实验装置.专利号:ZL201520228848.X,2015b]
Chen SW,Wu JF,Chen LX,et al.Effects of light and temperature on the attachment and development of Gloiopeltis tenax and Gloiopeltis furcata tetraspores.Journal of Applied Phycology,2011,23(6):1045-1051
Chen WZ,Song ZM,Huang ZJ.Effects of temperature and irradiance on early development of Grateloupia livida.South China Fisheries Science,2013,9(6):14-19[陈伟洲,宋志民,黄中坚.温度、光照强度对舌状蜈蚣藻早期发育的影响.南方水产科学,2013,9(6):14-19]
Chen WZ,Zhong ZH,Jin YL,et al.Effects of light intensity,temperature and salinity on growth and biochemical constituents of Hypnea cervicornis.South China Fisheries Science,2014,10(2):48-53[陈伟洲,钟志海,金玉林,等.光照强度、温度和盐度对鹿角沙菜生长及生化组分的影响.南方水产科学,2014,10(2):48-53]
Gao K.Effects of seawater current speed on the photosynthetic oxygen evolution of Sargassum thunbergii(Phaeophyta).Japanese Journal of Phycology,1991,39:291-293(in Japanese)
Gerard VA.In situ water motion and nutrient uptake by the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera.Marine Biology,1982,69(1):51-54
Han TT,Fang JG,Zhang JH,et al.Effect of light intensity on the photosynthetical responses of Gracilaria lemaneiformis in non-aerated and aerated cultures.Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(12):1801-1806[韩婷婷,方建光,张继红,等.静止和充气培养条件下光强对龙须菜光合生理效应的影响.水产学报,2013,37(12):1801-1806]
Hurd CL,Harrison PJ,Druehl LD.Effect of seawater velocity on inorganic nitrogen uptake by morphologically distinct forms of Macrocystis integrifolia from wave-sheltered and exposed sites.Marine Biology,1996,126(2):205-214
Hurd CL.Water motion,marine macroalgal physiology,and production.Journal of Phycology,2000,36(3):453-472
Jiang Z,Chen Y,Yao F,et al.Antioxidant,antibacterial and antischistosomal activities of extracts from Grateloupia livida(Harv).Yamada.PLo S One,2013,8(11):e80413
Li WD,Wu X,Jiang D,et al.Prospect of application and artificial culture of Grateloupia.Hebei Fisheries,2012(11):48-54[李卫东,吴茜,蒋丹,等.蜈蚣藻属海藻的应用及人工养殖前景展望.河北渔业,2012(11):48-54]
Li WX,Ding ZF,Chen SF,et al.A study on the reproductive organs of Grateloupia livida.Journal of Zhanjiang Fisheries College,1989,9(1-2):110-115[李伟新,丁镇芬,陈少凡,等.舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida(Harv.)Yamada生殖器官的研究.湛江水产学院学报,1989,9(1-2):110-115]
Mansilla A,Rosenfeld S,Rendoll J,et al.Tolerance response of Lessonia flavicans from the sub-Antarctic ecoregion of Magallanes under controlled environmental conditions.Journal of Applied Phycology,2014,26(5):1971-1977
Mc Kamey KA,Amsler CD.Effects of temperature and light on growth of the Antarctic algae Geminocarpus geminatus(Ectocarpales:Phaeophyceae)and Cladophora repens(Cladophorales:Cladophorophyceae)in culture.Phycologia,2006,45(2):225-232
Meng WJ,Wang P,Gui FK,et al.Nutrient uptakes by Ishige foliaceaokamurai and Sargassum fusiforme differ in algal section and mass,carbon concentration,and water flow.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2014,45(3):663-668[孟伟杰,王萍,桂福坤,等.藻体部位、藻质量、碳源、水流对铁钉菜和羊栖菜营养盐吸收的影响.海洋与湖沼,2014,45(3):663-668]
Ryder E,Nelson SG,Mc Keon C,et al.Effect of water motion on the cultivation of the economic seaweed Gracilaria parvispora(Rhodophyta)on Molokai,Hawaii.Aquaculture,2004,238(1-4):207-219
Sánchez-Romero A,Miranda-Baeza A,López-Elías JA,et al.Effect of light regime on the N-ammonium removal by the red algae Gracilaria vermiculophylla.Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences,2012,4(5):613-618
Song ZM,Chen WZ,Liu T.Effect of temperature,irradiance and salinity on the release and attachment of carpospore of Grateloupia livida.Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2013(1):90-96[宋志民,陈伟洲,刘涛.温度、光强和盐度对舌状蜈蚣藻果孢子放散与附着的影响.海洋湖沼通报,2013(1):90-96]
Tseng CK.Common seaweeds of China.Beijing:Science Press,1983,94
Vasuky S,Ganesan M,Rao PVS.Effect of light intensity,photoperiod,ESP medium and nitrogen sources on growth of marine brown alga Padina boergesenii(Dictyotales,Phaeophyta).Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences,2001,30(4):228-231
Wang W,Lin JM,Jin DX.Photocontrol of development in algae.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,1998,15(5):31-39[王伟,林均民,金德祥.藻类的光控发育.植物学通报,1998,15(5):31-39]
Wei T,Gu WH,Li J,et al.Effect of photoperiod on microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2013,48(2):168-173[韦韬,顾文辉,李健,等.雨生红球藻的光周期效应.植物学报,2013,48(2):168-173]
Wheeler WN.Effect of boundary layer transport on the fixation of carbon by the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera.Marine Biology,1980,56(2):103-110
Xia BM.Flora algarum marinarum sinicarum,TomusⅡRhodophyta,No.Ⅲ.Beijing,Science Press,2004,118-122[夏邦美.中国海藻志·第二卷·红藻门·第三册.北京:科学出版社,2004,118-122]
Yang J,Luo QJ,Qiu CG,et al.Effects of temperature,salinity and light on growth of Grateloupia filicina filament.Journal of Biology,2015,32(2):65-69[杨晋,骆其君,邱成功,等.温度、盐度、光照对蜈蚣藻丝状体生长的影响.生物学杂志,2015,32(2):65-69]
Ye DY,Jiang ZB,Zheng FC,et al.Optimized extraction of polysaccharides from Grateloupia livida(Harv.)Yamada and biological activities.Molecules,2015,20(9):16817-16832
Zhang LJ.Initial study on the isolated regeneration of the fragments of Grateloupia livida(Harv.)Yamada.Journal of Jimei University(Natural Science),2000,5(3):35-39[张丽娟.舌状蜈蚣藻切段离体再生的初步研究.集美大学学报(自然科学版),2000,5(3):35-39]
Zhang PY,Zhang QS,Tang XX,et al.Seedling culture techniques for producing kelp gametophyte clone.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2005,11(5):545-548[张培玉,张全胜,唐学玺,等.海带配子体克隆育苗生产中幼苗培育技术的研究.应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(5):545-548]
Zou DH.Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on growth,photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in the economic brown seaweed,Hizikia fusiforme(Sargassaceae,Phaeophyta).Aquaculture,2005,250(3-4):726-735