喷油器用超磁致伸缩致动器设计方法和驱动波形研究
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摘要
将超磁致伸缩材料的输出特点和喷油器的驱动需求相结合,设计并驱动适用于电控喷油器的超磁致伸缩致动器。针对常闭式电控喷油器仅需要单向和缩短位移的特点,结合超磁致伸缩材料在不同偏置磁场强度输出特性,提出了2种不同偏置磁场的致动器结构并分析了各自适用的电流输入方向;借助实验系统测试了2种致动器的稳态位移和响应时间,并分析了二者输出性能。针对传统直流方波驱动时致动器响应过慢的问题,借鉴电磁铁大电压快速开启的方法,设计了喷油器用超磁致伸缩致动器的驱动波形,并测试了该设计波形对强偏置致动器的驱动性能。研究结果表明,采用所设计的驱动电压,可将超磁致伸缩致动器的响应时间由4 ms降至1 ms,极大地提升了致动器的瞬态响应速度,同时,超磁致伸缩致动器可输出12~33μm的连续稳态位移,提供了更多的驱动效果。
Combining the output characteristics of giant magnetostrictive material with the driving requirements of an electronic controlled injector,the structure design and driving method of giant magnetostrictive actuator suitable to the injector were proposed.The electronic controlled injector required the displacement in only one direction and the displacement should be shortened at the same time.Then two types of giant magnetostrictive actuators were presented by considering the impact of the bias magnetic field on the actuator's output,and the applicable currents in different bias fields were analyzed.Steadystate displacements and responding time of the two kinds of actuators were measured with the help of an experimental system.And the performance differences of the two actuators,accompanied by the reasons leading to them,were pointed out.As the traditional driving voltage for the giant magnetostrictive actuator,direct voltage in square waveform would cause quite long time in raising the coil current,which occupied most of the whole responding time of the actuator.To save responding time,a fast driving wave was designed with referring the high-voltage opening method used in an electromagnetic actuator.And the output performance of the actuator,strongly biased actuator taken as an example,under designed driving wave was measured and analyzed simultaneously.The results showed that designed driving voltage could reduce the responding time quite effectively from 4 ms to 1 ms.In addition,as the giant magnetostrictive actuator could output continuous displacements from 12 μm to 33 μm,the designed actuator supported more driving effects than the electromagnetic actuator.
Combining the output characteristics of giant magnetostrictive material with the driving requirements of an electronic controlled injector,the structure design and driving method of giant magnetostrictive actuator suitable to the injector were proposed.The electronic controlled injector required the displacement in only one direction and the displacement should be shortened at the same time.Then two types of giant magnetostrictive actuators were presented by considering the impact of the bias magnetic field on the actuator's output,and the applicable currents in different bias fields were analyzed.Steadystate displacements and responding time of the two kinds of actuators were measured with the help of an experimental system.And the performance differences of the two actuators,accompanied by the reasons leading to them,were pointed out.As the traditional driving voltage for the giant magnetostrictive actuator,direct voltage in square waveform would cause quite long time in raising the coil current,which occupied most of the whole responding time of the actuator.To save responding time,a fast driving wave was designed with referring the high-voltage opening method used in an electromagnetic actuator.And the output performance of the actuator,strongly biased actuator taken as an example,under designed driving wave was measured and analyzed simultaneously.The results showed that designed driving voltage could reduce the responding time quite effectively from 4 ms to 1 ms.In addition,as the giant magnetostrictive actuator could output continuous displacements from 12 μm to 33 μm,the designed actuator supported more driving effects than the electromagnetic actuator.
引文
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2王博文,曹淑瑛,黄文美.磁致伸缩材料与器件[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2008.
3贾振元,郭东明.超磁致伸缩材料微位移执行器原理与应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2008.
4卢全国,陈定方,魏国前,等.GMM的发展现状及其在精密致动器件中的应用[J].湖北工业大学学报,2006,21(3):92-94.LU Quanguo,CHEN Dingfang,WEI Guoqian,et al.Development of giant magnetostrictive materials and its application in the field of precision actuators[J].Journal of Hubei University of Technology,2006,21(3):92-94.(in Chinese)
5舒亮,李传,吴桂初,等.Fe-Ga合金磁致伸缩力传感器磁化模型建立与特性分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(5):344-349.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150548&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.048.SHU Liang,LI Chuan,WU Guichu,et al.Magnetization model of Fe-Ga magnetostrictive force-sensor and its characteristics[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(5):344-349.(in Chinese)
6李跃松,朱玉川,吴洪涛,等.超磁致伸缩伺服阀用电-机转换器传热及热误差分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):343-350.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150251&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.02.051.LI Yuesong,ZHU Yuchuan,WU Hongtao,et al.Modeling of heat transfer and displacement error from heat of giant magnetostrictive actuator applied in servovalve[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(2):343-350.(in Chinese)
7孟爱华,吕福在,程耀东.基于超磁致伸缩致动器的脉冲喷射开关阀建模与仿真[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(8):303-307.MENG Aihua,LUFuzai,CHENG Yaodong.Modeling and simulation of pulsed jet on-off valve based on GMA[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(8):303-307.(in Chinese)
8 WANG Chuanli,DING Fan,LI Qipeng.Study on driving magnetic field and performance of GMA for nozzle flapper servo valve[J].Journal of Coal Science and Engineering,2007,13(2):207-210.
9李超,李琳.磁致伸缩材料作动器用于主动振动控制的实验研究[J].航空动力学报,2003,18(1):134-139.LI Chao,LI Lin.Active vibration control using magnetostrictive material[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2003,18(1):134-139.(in Chinese)
10张雷,邬义杰,刘孝亮,等.嵌入式超磁致伸缩构件多场耦合优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(5):190-196.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20120533&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.05.033.ZHANG Lei,WU Yijie,LIU Xiaoliang,et al.Multi-field coupling model of embedded giant magnetostrictive components optimization[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(5):190-196.(in Chinese)
11 BRIGHT C,FAIDLEY L,WITTHAUER A,et al.Programmable diesel injector transducer test results[C].SAE Paper 2011-01-0381,2011.
12吕福在,项占琴,戚宗军,等.稀土超磁致伸缩材料高速强力电磁阀的研究[J].内燃机学报,2000,18(2):199-202.LFuzai,XIANG Zhanqin,QI Zongjun,et al.The design of high-speed powerful solenoid based on giant magnetostrictive material and analysis of its control method[J].Transactions of CSICE,2000,18(2):199-202.(in Chinese)
13 WANG Wenguo,HAN Hui,HAN Lu,et al.A model of giant magnetostrictive actuator used in automobile engine fuel injection system[J].International Journal of Service and Computing Oriented Manufacturing,2013,1(2):154-166.
14 YAN Rongge,WANG Zhijuan,ZHU Lihua.Research of the giant magnetostrictive fuel injector[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,889-890:916-919.
15 DANESCU P,MOREGA A M,Morega M.A novel magnetostrictive injection actuator based on new giant magnetostrictive materials[C]∥2011 7th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering,2011:1-6.
16 LI Liyi,ZHANG Chengming,KOU Baoquan,et al.Design of giant magnetostrictive actuator for fuel injector[C]∥IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference,2008:1-4.
17 TANAKA H,SATO Y,URAI T.Development of a common-rail proportional injector controlled by a tandem arrayed giant magnetostrictive actuator[J].JSAE Review,2001,22(3):369-371.
18 XUE Guangming,HE Zhongbo,LI Dongwei,et al.Analysis of the giant magnetostrictive actuator with strong bias magnetic field[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2015,394:416-421.
19薛光明,张培林,何忠波,等.强偏置超磁致伸缩致动器准静态位移建模与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):318-324.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150745&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.07.045.XUE Guangming,ZHANG Peilin,HE Zhongbo,et al.Modelling and experiment of strong bias giant magnetostrictive actuator's semi-static displacement[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(7):318-324.(in Chinese)
20薛光明,张培林,何忠波,等.喷油器用超磁致伸缩致动器多自由度模型[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(24):97-104.XUE Guangming,ZHANG Peilin,HE Zhongbo,et al.Multiple degrees of freedom model of giant magnetostrictive actuator used on high-pressure-common-rail injector[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(24):97-104.(in Chinese)
21 XUE Guangming,ZHANG Peilin,HE Zhongbo,et al.Displacement model and driving voltage optimization for a giant magnetostrictive actuator used on a high-pressure common-rail injector[J].Materials and Design,2016,95:501-509.
22薛光明,张培林,何忠波,等.超磁致伸缩致动器的等效电路研究及驱动波形设计[J].电机与控制学报,2016,20(3):20-28.XUE Guangming,ZHANG Peilin,HE Zhongbo,et al.Equivalent circuit and driving voltage suitable for giant magnetostrictive actuator in electric injector[J].Electric Machines and Control,2016,20(3):20-28.(in Chinese)
2王博文,曹淑瑛,黄文美.磁致伸缩材料与器件[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2008.
3贾振元,郭东明.超磁致伸缩材料微位移执行器原理与应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2008.
4卢全国,陈定方,魏国前,等.GMM的发展现状及其在精密致动器件中的应用[J].湖北工业大学学报,2006,21(3):92-94.LU Quanguo,CHEN Dingfang,WEI Guoqian,et al.Development of giant magnetostrictive materials and its application in the field of precision actuators[J].Journal of Hubei University of Technology,2006,21(3):92-94.(in Chinese)
5舒亮,李传,吴桂初,等.Fe-Ga合金磁致伸缩力传感器磁化模型建立与特性分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(5):344-349.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150548&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.048.SHU Liang,LI Chuan,WU Guichu,et al.Magnetization model of Fe-Ga magnetostrictive force-sensor and its characteristics[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(5):344-349.(in Chinese)
6李跃松,朱玉川,吴洪涛,等.超磁致伸缩伺服阀用电-机转换器传热及热误差分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):343-350.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150251&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.02.051.LI Yuesong,ZHU Yuchuan,WU Hongtao,et al.Modeling of heat transfer and displacement error from heat of giant magnetostrictive actuator applied in servovalve[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(2):343-350.(in Chinese)
7孟爱华,吕福在,程耀东.基于超磁致伸缩致动器的脉冲喷射开关阀建模与仿真[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(8):303-307.MENG Aihua,LUFuzai,CHENG Yaodong.Modeling and simulation of pulsed jet on-off valve based on GMA[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(8):303-307.(in Chinese)
8 WANG Chuanli,DING Fan,LI Qipeng.Study on driving magnetic field and performance of GMA for nozzle flapper servo valve[J].Journal of Coal Science and Engineering,2007,13(2):207-210.
9李超,李琳.磁致伸缩材料作动器用于主动振动控制的实验研究[J].航空动力学报,2003,18(1):134-139.LI Chao,LI Lin.Active vibration control using magnetostrictive material[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2003,18(1):134-139.(in Chinese)
10张雷,邬义杰,刘孝亮,等.嵌入式超磁致伸缩构件多场耦合优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(5):190-196.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20120533&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.05.033.ZHANG Lei,WU Yijie,LIU Xiaoliang,et al.Multi-field coupling model of embedded giant magnetostrictive components optimization[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(5):190-196.(in Chinese)
11 BRIGHT C,FAIDLEY L,WITTHAUER A,et al.Programmable diesel injector transducer test results[C].SAE Paper 2011-01-0381,2011.
12吕福在,项占琴,戚宗军,等.稀土超磁致伸缩材料高速强力电磁阀的研究[J].内燃机学报,2000,18(2):199-202.LFuzai,XIANG Zhanqin,QI Zongjun,et al.The design of high-speed powerful solenoid based on giant magnetostrictive material and analysis of its control method[J].Transactions of CSICE,2000,18(2):199-202.(in Chinese)
13 WANG Wenguo,HAN Hui,HAN Lu,et al.A model of giant magnetostrictive actuator used in automobile engine fuel injection system[J].International Journal of Service and Computing Oriented Manufacturing,2013,1(2):154-166.
14 YAN Rongge,WANG Zhijuan,ZHU Lihua.Research of the giant magnetostrictive fuel injector[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014,889-890:916-919.
15 DANESCU P,MOREGA A M,Morega M.A novel magnetostrictive injection actuator based on new giant magnetostrictive materials[C]∥2011 7th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering,2011:1-6.
16 LI Liyi,ZHANG Chengming,KOU Baoquan,et al.Design of giant magnetostrictive actuator for fuel injector[C]∥IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference,2008:1-4.
17 TANAKA H,SATO Y,URAI T.Development of a common-rail proportional injector controlled by a tandem arrayed giant magnetostrictive actuator[J].JSAE Review,2001,22(3):369-371.
18 XUE Guangming,HE Zhongbo,LI Dongwei,et al.Analysis of the giant magnetostrictive actuator with strong bias magnetic field[J].Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials,2015,394:416-421.
19薛光明,张培林,何忠波,等.强偏置超磁致伸缩致动器准静态位移建模与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):318-324.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150745&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.07.045.XUE Guangming,ZHANG Peilin,HE Zhongbo,et al.Modelling and experiment of strong bias giant magnetostrictive actuator's semi-static displacement[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(7):318-324.(in Chinese)
20薛光明,张培林,何忠波,等.喷油器用超磁致伸缩致动器多自由度模型[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(24):97-104.XUE Guangming,ZHANG Peilin,HE Zhongbo,et al.Multiple degrees of freedom model of giant magnetostrictive actuator used on high-pressure-common-rail injector[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(24):97-104.(in Chinese)
21 XUE Guangming,ZHANG Peilin,HE Zhongbo,et al.Displacement model and driving voltage optimization for a giant magnetostrictive actuator used on a high-pressure common-rail injector[J].Materials and Design,2016,95:501-509.
22薛光明,张培林,何忠波,等.超磁致伸缩致动器的等效电路研究及驱动波形设计[J].电机与控制学报,2016,20(3):20-28.XUE Guangming,ZHANG Peilin,HE Zhongbo,et al.Equivalent circuit and driving voltage suitable for giant magnetostrictive actuator in electric injector[J].Electric Machines and Control,2016,20(3):20-28.(in Chinese)