燕山山脉桔梗对土壤中9种元素的富集及健康风险评价
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摘要
目的检测土壤和药材桔梗中9种元素的含量,并进行元素富集能力以及生态和健康的风险评价。方法选择河北省北部燕山山脉药材种植基地采集桔梗和对应的土壤样品,微波消解法消解样品,利用ICP-MS法检测土壤和桔梗中9种元素的含量。采用潜在生态危害法对土壤样品进行生态风险评价;采用靶标危害系数法对药材中的多种有害元素进行健康风险评价并计算桔梗对元素的富集系数。结果采集地土壤中除Hg外其他元素含量符合一级土壤标准;Cd和Hg的潜在生态危害Eir分别为84.08和827.40,多种金属元素的总危害指数IR为925.22,其中Hg的贡献率达80%;桔梗中Cu和Hg的含量超标;桔梗对金属元素Cu、Zn、Cd富集系数大于1;健康风险评价结果显示桔梗中重金属每日摄入量EDI均低于每日最大允许摄入量RfD,且对人体不具有非致癌风险和致癌风险。结论河北省北部燕山山脉土壤中重金属Hg的污染明显,多种元素的总体生态风险大;桔梗对Cd、Cu、Zn具有主动富集的能力;服用桔梗煎剂不具有非致癌风险和致癌风险。
Objective To detect the contents of heavy metal elements in soil and Platycodon grandiflorum, study the enrichment capacity of elements and evaluate the ecological and health risk assessment. Methods All the soil and plant samples were collected from the medicinal planting areas at the Yanshan mountains of north Hebei. The samples pretreatment used microwave digestion method, and the contents of 9 elements in soil and medicinal materials were detected by ICP-MS.The potential ecological hazard method was used to evaluate the ecological risk. The Target Hazard Quotient =(THQ) and Hazard Index(HI) methods were used to evaluate the health risk assessment of various harmful heavy metal elements in medicinal materials. In addition, the enrichment characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum were calculated. Results The contents of heavy metals in soil reached the First-class National Soil Environment Standard except Hg. Cd and Hg have strong potential ecological hazards, Eir number was 84.08 and 827.40 respectively. The total hazard index IR of various metal elements was 925.22, among which the contribution rate of Hg was 80%. The contents of Cu and Hg in Platycodon grandiflorum exceeded the standard. The enrichment coefficients of Cu, Zn and Cd in Platycodon were greater than 1. The results of health risk assessment showed that the EDI of radix platycodonis lower than the maximum daily allowable intake of RfD, which would not cause non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk to human body. Conclusion The pollution of heavy metal Hg in the soil at the Yanshan mountains of north Hebei was more obvious. The overall ecological risk of multiple elements is high.Platycodon grandiflorum has the ability of active enrichment of the metal Cd, Cu and Zn, and it has no non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk to human body for taking Platycodon grandiflorum decoction does.
Objective To detect the contents of heavy metal elements in soil and Platycodon grandiflorum, study the enrichment capacity of elements and evaluate the ecological and health risk assessment. Methods All the soil and plant samples were collected from the medicinal planting areas at the Yanshan mountains of north Hebei. The samples pretreatment used microwave digestion method, and the contents of 9 elements in soil and medicinal materials were detected by ICP-MS.The potential ecological hazard method was used to evaluate the ecological risk. The Target Hazard Quotient =(THQ) and Hazard Index(HI) methods were used to evaluate the health risk assessment of various harmful heavy metal elements in medicinal materials. In addition, the enrichment characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum were calculated. Results The contents of heavy metals in soil reached the First-class National Soil Environment Standard except Hg. Cd and Hg have strong potential ecological hazards, Eir number was 84.08 and 827.40 respectively. The total hazard index IR of various metal elements was 925.22, among which the contribution rate of Hg was 80%. The contents of Cu and Hg in Platycodon grandiflorum exceeded the standard. The enrichment coefficients of Cu, Zn and Cd in Platycodon were greater than 1. The results of health risk assessment showed that the EDI of radix platycodonis lower than the maximum daily allowable intake of RfD, which would not cause non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk to human body. Conclusion The pollution of heavy metal Hg in the soil at the Yanshan mountains of north Hebei was more obvious. The overall ecological risk of multiple elements is high.Platycodon grandiflorum has the ability of active enrichment of the metal Cd, Cu and Zn, and it has no non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk to human body for taking Platycodon grandiflorum decoction does.
引文
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[3]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[4]卢恒,徐宁,孟繁蕴.冬虫夏草重金属的含量测定和健康风险评价[J].环境化学,2017,36(5):1003-1008.
[5] United States Environmental Protection Agency. Guidelines for car-cinogen risk assessment[EB/OL].[2019-01-03]. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2013-09/documents/cancer_guidelines_final_3-25-05.pdf.
[6]国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.GB 15618-1995土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[7]郭海全,马忠社,郝俊杰,等.冀东土壤地球化学基准值特征及研究意义[J].岩矿测试,2007,26(4):281-286.
[8]中华人民共和国国家中医药管理局.药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准[EB/OL].[2019-01-03].http://www.satcm.gov.cn/fa-jiansi/gongzuodongtai/2018-03-24/2394.html.
[9]徐琴,李彬,李青苗,等.川芎镉含量与栽培土壤p H及活性态Cd含量关系初探[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(3):1044-1046.