后激活增强效应对下肢反应力量的影响研究
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摘要
目的:研究不同负荷形式预刺激产生的后激活增强效应(post-activation potentiation)对跳深效果的影响。方法:受试者为23名高校田径专项男生。分别采用90%、80%和70%1 RM半蹲作为诱导PAP效应的预刺激方式,预刺激前、后每隔3分钟进行单腿跳深测试,运用三维测力台和红外动作捕捉系统采集以下指标:垂直方向最大力值、离心阶段爆发力值、着地时间、着地冲量和腾空高度。使用单因素重复测量方差分析3种不同负荷形式和6个时间点测试指标的变化。结果:负荷形式和恢复时间对PAP效果存在显著影响,80%与70%1 RM负荷形势下9～12分钟出现多个指标显著性提高,但未表现在运动表现上。90%1 RM负荷形式效果较差。结论:80%与70%1 RM半蹲刺激形式后9～12分钟阶段反应力量有所提升,相对较高的负荷量比高负荷强度更容易激活PAP效应; PAP效应受个体差异等的影响较大。
Objective: To determine the effect of different load modes and recovery time on post-activation potentiation(PAP). Methods: 23 track and field students were recruited. PAP was induced by half squat of 90%,80% and 70% 1 RM load modes separately. Kinematics and kinetics data were measured every 3 mins before and after PAP by 3-D force platform and motion analysis capture system. The effect of these parameters was analyzed by repeated measures ANVOA. Results: The load mode and recovery time had a significant effect on PAP. There were significant increases in multiple data in 9 ～ 12 minutes on 80% and 70%1 RM load modes,but the performance was not improved.The 90%1 RM load mode was less effective. Conclusion: Reactive force can be improved at 9 ～ 12 minutes after PAP induced by 80% and 70%1 RM load modes. Relatively high load volume is more likely to activate PAP effect than high load intensity. The effect of PAP is greatly influenced by individual difference.
Objective: To determine the effect of different load modes and recovery time on post-activation potentiation(PAP). Methods: 23 track and field students were recruited. PAP was induced by half squat of 90%,80% and 70% 1 RM load modes separately. Kinematics and kinetics data were measured every 3 mins before and after PAP by 3-D force platform and motion analysis capture system. The effect of these parameters was analyzed by repeated measures ANVOA. Results: The load mode and recovery time had a significant effect on PAP. There were significant increases in multiple data in 9 ～ 12 minutes on 80% and 70%1 RM load modes,but the performance was not improved.The 90%1 RM load mode was less effective. Conclusion: Reactive force can be improved at 9 ～ 12 minutes after PAP induced by 80% and 70%1 RM load modes. Relatively high load volume is more likely to activate PAP effect than high load intensity. The effect of PAP is greatly influenced by individual difference.
引文
[1]Neale Anthony Tillin,David Bishop.Factors modulating postactivation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities[J].Sports Medicine,2009,39(2):147-166.
[2]Reardon,Danielle,Hoffman,Jay R.,Mangine,Gerald T.,et al.Do Changes in Muscle Architecture Affect Post-Activation Potentiation?[J].Journal of Sports Science and Medicine,2014,13(3):483-492.
[3]Izquierdo,M.,Hakkinen,K.,Gonzalez-Badillo,J.J.,et al.Effects of long-term training specificity on maximal strength and power of the upper and lower extremities in athletes from different sports[J].European Journal of Applied Physiology,2002(87):264-271.
[4]Hamada,T.,Sale,D.G.,et al.Postactivation potentiation,fiber type,and twitchcontraction time in human knee extensor muscles[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2002(88):2131-2137.
[5]Tsolakis,C.,Bogdanis,G.Acute effects of two different warmup protocols in flexibility and lower limb explosive performance in elite male and female level fencers[J].Journal of Sport Science and Medicine,2012(11):669-675.
[6]Babault N,Maffiuletti N,Pousson M.Postactivation potentiation in human knee extensors during dynamic passive movements[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2008,40(4):735-743.
[7]陈小平,郭运.肌肉“超等长收缩”的生理学解释[J].河北体育学院学报,2001,15(1):28-32.
[8]陈小平.反应力量和反应力量的训练[J].体育科学,2001,21(5):36-39.
[9]吕清.青少年快速伸缩复合训练[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2016:1.
[10]史绍蓉.决定超等长训练效果的因素(文献综述)[J].体育科学,1996(3):35-39.
[11]刘新兰,林森华.跳远起跳速度研究综述[J].上海体育学院学报,2000(1):59-62.
[12]井兰香.超等长训练对下肢生物力学特征影响的研究[D].上海:上海体育学院,2009.
[13]于树祥.不同类型跳深练习对跳高、跳远作用的生物力学比较研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2007,33(3):94-97.
[14]葛青,张秋亚.跳远与跳远专项跳跃练习起跳腿表面肌电特征比较[J].首都体育学院学报,2013,25(5):475-480.
[15]李智.对部分男子跳远运动员的部分专项力量训练手段的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2005.
[16]井兰香,刘宇.不同高度跳深动力学及下肢肌肉预激活调节[J].体育科学,2012,32(11):64-69.
[17]王安利,张新.力量训练的理论探索及实践进展:后激活增强效应的生理学机制[J].中国学校体育,2014,10(1):80-83.
[18]Reardon D,Hoffman J R,Mangine G T,et al.Do Changes in Muscle Architecture Affect Post-Activation Potentiation?[J].Journal of Sports Science&Medicine,2014,13(3):483-92.
[19]Fotini Arabatzi,Dimitrios Patikas,Andreas Zafeiridis,et al.The Post-Activation Potentiation Effect on Squat Jump Performance:Age and Sex Effect[J].Pediatric Exercise Science,2014,26:187-194.
[20]Kaiya Senn Sygulla,Charles J.Fountaine.Acute Post-Activation Potentiation Effects in NCAA Division II Female Athletes[J].International Journal of Exercise Science,2014,7(3):212-219.
[21]Fotini Arabatzi,Dimitrios Patikas,Andreas Zafeiridis,et al.The Post-Activation Potentiation Effect on Squat Jump Performance:Age and Sex Effect[J].Pediatric Exercise Science,2014(26):187-194.
[22]Yetter,M,and Moir,GL.The acute effects of heavy back and front squats on speed during forty-meter sprint trials[J].JStrength Cond Res,2008,22(1):159-165.
[23]Gourgoulis V,Aggeloussis N,Kasimatis P,Mavromatis G,Garas A.Effect of a submaximal half-squats warm-up program on vertical jumping ability[J].J.Strength Cond.Res,2003(17):342-344.
[24]周家颖.跳深时下肢肌肉的生物力学特征研究[D].上海:上海体育学院,2008.
[25]李智,詹建国,李贵森.对跳远运动员起跳腿不同高度跳深的实验研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2012(4):125-127.
[26]周彤,章碧玉,何梦梦.我国女子短跑后备人才下肢反应力量的研究[J].体育科学,2018,38(5):50-55.
[27]周彤,章碧玉.复合式训练研究进展[J].体育科学,2017,37(10):72-79.
[28]Carter,Jeremy,Greenwood,et al.Complex Training Reexamined:,Review and Recommendations to Improve Strength and Power[J].Strength&Conditioning Journal,2014,36(2):11-19.
[29]Tillin N A,Bishop D.Factors Modulating Post-Activation Potentiation and its Effect on Performance of Subsequent Explosive Activities[J].Sports Medicine,2009,39(2):147-166.
[30]Wilson,J.M.,et al.Meta-Analysis of Post Activation Potentiation and Power:Effects of Conditioning Activity,Volume,Gender,Rest Periods,and Training Status[J].Journal of strength and conditioning research/National Strength&Conditioning Association,2012.
[2]Reardon,Danielle,Hoffman,Jay R.,Mangine,Gerald T.,et al.Do Changes in Muscle Architecture Affect Post-Activation Potentiation?[J].Journal of Sports Science and Medicine,2014,13(3):483-492.
[3]Izquierdo,M.,Hakkinen,K.,Gonzalez-Badillo,J.J.,et al.Effects of long-term training specificity on maximal strength and power of the upper and lower extremities in athletes from different sports[J].European Journal of Applied Physiology,2002(87):264-271.
[4]Hamada,T.,Sale,D.G.,et al.Postactivation potentiation,fiber type,and twitchcontraction time in human knee extensor muscles[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2002(88):2131-2137.
[5]Tsolakis,C.,Bogdanis,G.Acute effects of two different warmup protocols in flexibility and lower limb explosive performance in elite male and female level fencers[J].Journal of Sport Science and Medicine,2012(11):669-675.
[6]Babault N,Maffiuletti N,Pousson M.Postactivation potentiation in human knee extensors during dynamic passive movements[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2008,40(4):735-743.
[7]陈小平,郭运.肌肉“超等长收缩”的生理学解释[J].河北体育学院学报,2001,15(1):28-32.
[8]陈小平.反应力量和反应力量的训练[J].体育科学,2001,21(5):36-39.
[9]吕清.青少年快速伸缩复合训练[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2016:1.
[10]史绍蓉.决定超等长训练效果的因素(文献综述)[J].体育科学,1996(3):35-39.
[11]刘新兰,林森华.跳远起跳速度研究综述[J].上海体育学院学报,2000(1):59-62.
[12]井兰香.超等长训练对下肢生物力学特征影响的研究[D].上海:上海体育学院,2009.
[13]于树祥.不同类型跳深练习对跳高、跳远作用的生物力学比较研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2007,33(3):94-97.
[14]葛青,张秋亚.跳远与跳远专项跳跃练习起跳腿表面肌电特征比较[J].首都体育学院学报,2013,25(5):475-480.
[15]李智.对部分男子跳远运动员的部分专项力量训练手段的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2005.
[16]井兰香,刘宇.不同高度跳深动力学及下肢肌肉预激活调节[J].体育科学,2012,32(11):64-69.
[17]王安利,张新.力量训练的理论探索及实践进展:后激活增强效应的生理学机制[J].中国学校体育,2014,10(1):80-83.
[18]Reardon D,Hoffman J R,Mangine G T,et al.Do Changes in Muscle Architecture Affect Post-Activation Potentiation?[J].Journal of Sports Science&Medicine,2014,13(3):483-92.
[19]Fotini Arabatzi,Dimitrios Patikas,Andreas Zafeiridis,et al.The Post-Activation Potentiation Effect on Squat Jump Performance:Age and Sex Effect[J].Pediatric Exercise Science,2014,26:187-194.
[20]Kaiya Senn Sygulla,Charles J.Fountaine.Acute Post-Activation Potentiation Effects in NCAA Division II Female Athletes[J].International Journal of Exercise Science,2014,7(3):212-219.
[21]Fotini Arabatzi,Dimitrios Patikas,Andreas Zafeiridis,et al.The Post-Activation Potentiation Effect on Squat Jump Performance:Age and Sex Effect[J].Pediatric Exercise Science,2014(26):187-194.
[22]Yetter,M,and Moir,GL.The acute effects of heavy back and front squats on speed during forty-meter sprint trials[J].JStrength Cond Res,2008,22(1):159-165.
[23]Gourgoulis V,Aggeloussis N,Kasimatis P,Mavromatis G,Garas A.Effect of a submaximal half-squats warm-up program on vertical jumping ability[J].J.Strength Cond.Res,2003(17):342-344.
[24]周家颖.跳深时下肢肌肉的生物力学特征研究[D].上海:上海体育学院,2008.
[25]李智,詹建国,李贵森.对跳远运动员起跳腿不同高度跳深的实验研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2012(4):125-127.
[26]周彤,章碧玉,何梦梦.我国女子短跑后备人才下肢反应力量的研究[J].体育科学,2018,38(5):50-55.
[27]周彤,章碧玉.复合式训练研究进展[J].体育科学,2017,37(10):72-79.
[28]Carter,Jeremy,Greenwood,et al.Complex Training Reexamined:,Review and Recommendations to Improve Strength and Power[J].Strength&Conditioning Journal,2014,36(2):11-19.
[29]Tillin N A,Bishop D.Factors Modulating Post-Activation Potentiation and its Effect on Performance of Subsequent Explosive Activities[J].Sports Medicine,2009,39(2):147-166.
[30]Wilson,J.M.,et al.Meta-Analysis of Post Activation Potentiation and Power:Effects of Conditioning Activity,Volume,Gender,Rest Periods,and Training Status[J].Journal of strength and conditioning research/National Strength&Conditioning Association,2012.