生态沟渠淹没刚性植被局部水头损失系数研究
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摘要
在生态沟渠的过流能力和断面尺寸设计中,断面阻水特性以及平均流速是非常重要的因素。以往的研究多基于力学平衡方程,但往往仅考虑了植被的阻水作用而忽略了沟渠边壁及底板的阻水作用。从能量方程角度,将植被引起的水头损失看作局部水头损失,把边壁和底板引起的水头损失看作沿程水头损失,对含刚性植被矩形水槽试验资料进行多元回归分析,得到了刚性植被局部水头损失系数ε的经验公式和断面平均流速v的计算公式,经试验资料验证,并与通过植被阻力系数Cd推求的流速相关公式对比,得出本文提出的刚性植被局部水头损失系数经验公式和含刚性植被矩形生态沟渠断面平均流速计算公式计算的精确度较高,可为生态沟渠的设计提供参考。
In the design of discharge capacity and cross-section size of the ecological ditch,the section resistance characteristics and the mean velocity are very important factors.Previous studies have been used to obtain vegetation resistance to ditches based on the vegetation resistance.However,from the point of view of energy equation,the water head loss caused by each vegetation was considered as the local head loss,and the local head loss coefficient ε and the 232 groups of rigid vegetation rectangular flume test data for multivariate regression were analyzed,obtained the rigid vegetation local head loss coefficient ε total empirical formula and cross-section average flow velocity formula.After another 23 test data verification and compared with the Cd-related formula,the empirical formula of the local head loss coefficient of rigid vegetation and the formula for calculating the average flow velocity of the rectangular ecological ditch with rigid vegetation were obtained by this paper,which could provide reference for the design of ecological ditch.
In the design of discharge capacity and cross-section size of the ecological ditch,the section resistance characteristics and the mean velocity are very important factors.Previous studies have been used to obtain vegetation resistance to ditches based on the vegetation resistance.However,from the point of view of energy equation,the water head loss caused by each vegetation was considered as the local head loss,and the local head loss coefficient ε and the 232 groups of rigid vegetation rectangular flume test data for multivariate regression were analyzed,obtained the rigid vegetation local head loss coefficient ε total empirical formula and cross-section average flow velocity formula.After another 23 test data verification and compared with the Cd-related formula,the empirical formula of the local head loss coefficient of rigid vegetation and the formula for calculating the average flow velocity of the rectangular ecological ditch with rigid vegetation were obtained by this paper,which could provide reference for the design of ecological ditch.
引文
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[15]BRIAN M S,HUANG Taoshen.Hydraulic Resistance of Flow in Channelswith Cylindrical Roughness[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,128(5):500-506.
[16]唐洪武,闫静,肖洋,等.含植物河道曼宁阻力系数的研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(11):1347-1353.
[17]SHIMIZU Y,TSUJIMOTO T,NAKAGAWA H,et al.Experimental Study on Flow Over Rigid Vegetation Simulated by Cylinders with Equi-Spacing[J].Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu,2010,438:31-40.
[18]DUNN C,LOPEZ F,GARCIA M H.Mean Flow and Turbulence in a Laboratory Channel with Simulated Vegatation(HES 51)[J].Molecular&Cellular Neurosciences,1996,29(1):139-147.
[19]LIU D,DIPLAS P,FAIRBANKS J D,et al.An Experimental Study of Flow Through Rigid Vegetation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface,2008,113(4):10.
[20]闫静.含植物明渠水流阻力及紊流特性的实验研究[D].南京:河海大学,2008:54-55.
[21]佘伟伟,李艳红,喻国良.含淹没植物的水流阻力试验研究[J].水利水电技术,2010,41(3):24-28.
[22]闫静,唐洪武,田志军,等.植物对明渠流速分布影响的试验研究[J].水利水运工程学报,2011(4):138-142.
[23]FREDRIK H,DENIE C M A,SUZANNE J M H.Analytical Solution of the Depth-Averaged Flow Velocity in Case of Submerged Rigid Cylindrical Vegetation[J].Water Resources Research,2007,43(6):129-148.
[24]BAPTIST M J.Modeling Floodplain Biogeomorphology[D].Delft:Technical University of Delft,2005:158-159.
[2]姜翠玲,崔广柏.湿地对农业非点源污染的去除效应[J].农业环境保护,2002,21(5):471-473.
[3]曾玉红,槐文信,张健,等.非淹没刚性植被流动阻力研究[J].水利学报,2011,39(7):834-838.
[4]PETRYK S,BOSMAJIAN G I.Analysis of Flow Through Vegetation[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division,1975,101(7):871-884.
[5]冯缤予,喻国良.浮帘群水流阻力特性试验研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2017,37(1):27-32.
[6]王协康,刘同宦,叶龙,等.坡面柔性植被阻水效应及其局部水头损失特性试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2013,45(2):22-27.
[7]HOFFMANN M R.On Inducing Equations for Vegetation Resistance[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,2009,47(2):281-282.
[8]WU Fuchun,HEIEH Wenshen,CHOU Yiju.Variation of Roughness Coefficients for Unsubmerged and Submerged Vegetation[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1999,125(9):244-245.
[9]CHENG Niansheng.Calculation of Drag Coefficient for Arrays of Emergent Circular Cylinders with Pseudo Fluid Model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,139(6):602-611.
[10]TANG Hongwu,TIAN Zhijun,YUAN Saiyu.Determining Drag Coefficients and Their Application in Modelling of Turbulent Flow with Submerged Vegetation[J].Advances in Water Resources,2014,69(3):134-145.
[11]WANG Hao,TANG Hongwu,YUAN Saiyu,et al.An Experimental Study of the Incipient Bed Shear Stress Partition in Mobile Bed Channels Filled with Emergent Rigid Vegetation[J].Science China(Technology Sciences),2014,57(6):1165-1174.
[12]LIU X,ZENG Y.Drag Coefficient for Rigid Vegetation in Subcritical Open-Channel Flow[J].Environmental Fluid Mechanics,2016,154(5):1124-1131.
[13]李海波,陈鑫,张扬,等.人工植被分布变化对坡面流阻力及局部水头损失系数的影响研究[J].吉林水利,2014(9):9-12.
[14]CHENG N S.Representative Roughness Height of Submerged Vegetation[J].Water Resources Research,2011,47(8):1-18.
[15]BRIAN M S,HUANG Taoshen.Hydraulic Resistance of Flow in Channelswith Cylindrical Roughness[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,128(5):500-506.
[16]唐洪武,闫静,肖洋,等.含植物河道曼宁阻力系数的研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(11):1347-1353.
[17]SHIMIZU Y,TSUJIMOTO T,NAKAGAWA H,et al.Experimental Study on Flow Over Rigid Vegetation Simulated by Cylinders with Equi-Spacing[J].Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu,2010,438:31-40.
[18]DUNN C,LOPEZ F,GARCIA M H.Mean Flow and Turbulence in a Laboratory Channel with Simulated Vegatation(HES 51)[J].Molecular&Cellular Neurosciences,1996,29(1):139-147.
[19]LIU D,DIPLAS P,FAIRBANKS J D,et al.An Experimental Study of Flow Through Rigid Vegetation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface,2008,113(4):10.
[20]闫静.含植物明渠水流阻力及紊流特性的实验研究[D].南京:河海大学,2008:54-55.
[21]佘伟伟,李艳红,喻国良.含淹没植物的水流阻力试验研究[J].水利水电技术,2010,41(3):24-28.
[22]闫静,唐洪武,田志军,等.植物对明渠流速分布影响的试验研究[J].水利水运工程学报,2011(4):138-142.
[23]FREDRIK H,DENIE C M A,SUZANNE J M H.Analytical Solution of the Depth-Averaged Flow Velocity in Case of Submerged Rigid Cylindrical Vegetation[J].Water Resources Research,2007,43(6):129-148.
[24]BAPTIST M J.Modeling Floodplain Biogeomorphology[D].Delft:Technical University of Delft,2005:158-159.