替码板栗芽体PCD过程中Ca~(2+)的时空变化
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摘要
【目的】探讨Ca~(2+)在替码板栗品种X12芽体细胞程序性死亡(PCD)过程中的时空变化及其与芽体PCD的关系。【方法】利用焦锑酸盐沉淀的电镜细胞化学方法,研究替码板栗X12芽体PCD过程中(S1～S5时期) Ca~(2+)的时空变化。【结果】S1时期,细胞结构正常,Ca~(2+)主要分布在细胞壁和细胞间隙处,细胞质和细胞核内有少量Ca~(2+),液泡内Ca~(2+)含量极少;S2时期,部分细胞器轻微降解,细胞间隙中Ca~(2+)减少,细胞质、液泡膜和细胞核膜附近Ca~(2+)开始增多;S3时期,细胞进一步解体,细胞壁、液泡、细胞核降解严重,细胞间隙和细胞壁上Ca~(2+)颗粒极少,细胞质、细胞核、破裂的液泡内及液泡周围Ca~(2+)明显增多;S4时期,细胞降解严重,Ca~(2+)在细胞内呈无规则分布,质膜和细胞壁上较少,集中于破碎的液泡膜和液泡碎片处;S5时期,细胞器均降解破碎,Ca~(2+)随降解的细胞器碎片成块状聚集。【结论】替码板栗芽体PCD过程中Ca~(2+)呈动态变化,Ca~(2+)可能参与了PCD过程;细胞质、液泡和细胞核的Ca~(2+)内流可能是引起替码板栗芽体PCD的部分重要原因。
[Purpose]In this study, the dynamic changes of Ca~(2+) distribution during the process of programmed cell death(PCD) in bud of apical-bud-senescence chestnut X12 were studied, and the relationship between the dynamic changes of Ca~(2+) distribution and PCD were studied, too. [Method]The dynamic changes of Ca~(2+) distribution during the process of programmed cell death in buds of apical-bud-senescence chestnut X12 were investigated with electromicroscopic-cytochemical methods of calcium antimonate. [ Result] During the S1 period, the cell structure was normal, and Ca~(2+)mainly distributed on the cell wall and intercellular space, and little was seen in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and few in the vacuole. During the S2 period, some organelles were slightly degraded. The concentration of Ca~(2+) in intercellular space decreased, while the level of Ca~(2+) in cytoplasm and the vicinity of vacuolar membrane and nuclear membrane were increased. During the S3 period, cells disintegrated further, and cell wall, vacuole and nucleus degraded severely. The number of calcium particles on the cell wall and intercellular space become very rare, and the level of Ca~(2+) in cytoplasm,nucleus, and cracked vacuole and around the vacuole increased significantly. During the S4 period,cells degraded severely and Ca~(2+) particles appeared irregularly in cell, little on plasma membrane and cell wall, and a great deal of Ca~(2+) concentrated upon the ruptured tonoplast and the vacuolar fragments. During the S5 period, cytoskeleton were distorted because of degradation, organelles were degraded and ruptured, the Ca~(2+) aggregated with the degraded organelle fragments in lumps. [Conclusion]The dynamic changes of Ca~(2+) appeared in buds of apical-bud-senescence chestnut during the process of PCD, and Ca~(2+) was involved in the process of PCD. The congregation of Ca~(2+) in cytoplasm,nucleus and vacuole, might contribute to the PCD in buds of apical-bud-senescence chestnut X12.
[Purpose]In this study, the dynamic changes of Ca~(2+) distribution during the process of programmed cell death(PCD) in bud of apical-bud-senescence chestnut X12 were studied, and the relationship between the dynamic changes of Ca~(2+) distribution and PCD were studied, too. [Method]The dynamic changes of Ca~(2+) distribution during the process of programmed cell death in buds of apical-bud-senescence chestnut X12 were investigated with electromicroscopic-cytochemical methods of calcium antimonate. [ Result] During the S1 period, the cell structure was normal, and Ca~(2+)mainly distributed on the cell wall and intercellular space, and little was seen in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and few in the vacuole. During the S2 period, some organelles were slightly degraded. The concentration of Ca~(2+) in intercellular space decreased, while the level of Ca~(2+) in cytoplasm and the vicinity of vacuolar membrane and nuclear membrane were increased. During the S3 period, cells disintegrated further, and cell wall, vacuole and nucleus degraded severely. The number of calcium particles on the cell wall and intercellular space become very rare, and the level of Ca~(2+) in cytoplasm,nucleus, and cracked vacuole and around the vacuole increased significantly. During the S4 period,cells degraded severely and Ca~(2+) particles appeared irregularly in cell, little on plasma membrane and cell wall, and a great deal of Ca~(2+) concentrated upon the ruptured tonoplast and the vacuolar fragments. During the S5 period, cytoskeleton were distorted because of degradation, organelles were degraded and ruptured, the Ca~(2+) aggregated with the degraded organelle fragments in lumps. [Conclusion]The dynamic changes of Ca~(2+) appeared in buds of apical-bud-senescence chestnut during the process of PCD, and Ca~(2+) was involved in the process of PCD. The congregation of Ca~(2+) in cytoplasm,nucleus and vacuole, might contribute to the PCD in buds of apical-bud-senescence chestnut X12.
引文
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[4]曾爱松,宋立晓,高兵,等.低温胁迫下甘蓝叶片细胞超微结构及叶肉细胞内Ca2+的分布变化[J].江苏农业学报,2011,27(5):1053.
[5]李继伟,邓祥宜,周竹青,等.Ca2+和Ca2+-ATPase在小麦颖果筛分子分化中的动态变化[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(12):4209.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2009.12.011.
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[11]MAN Y,YASNOMI T,PYOYUN P.Novel evidence for apoptotic cell response and differential signals in chromatin condensation and DNA cleavage in victorintreated oats[J].Plant Journal,2001,28(1):13.
[12]杨蕊,关雪莲,张睿鹂,等.低温胁迫过程中北海道黄杨叶肉细胞Ca2+的动态变化[J].林业科学,2012,48(10):36.
[13]张宗申,利容千,王建波.导管分子程序化死亡过程中Ca2+的时空变化[J].科学通报,2001,46(13):1098.
[14]甘小洪,丁雨龙.毛竹茎秆纤维发育过程中Ca2+分布的时空变化[J].电子显微学报,2006,25(5):420.
[15]WANG G P,ZHANG Z H,KONG D J,et al.Programmed cell death is responsible for replaceable bud senescence in chestnut(Castanea mollissima BL.)[J].Plant Cell Reports,2012,31(9):1603.DOI:10.1007/s00299-012-1274-4..
[16]杨蕊,关雪莲,张睿鹂,等.低温胁迫下北海道黄杨叶肉细胞Ca2+和Ca2+-ATPase的变化[J].园艺学报,2013,40(6):1139.
[17]MORARD P,SILVESTRE J.Plant injury due to oxygen deficiency in the root environment of soilless culture:a review[J].Plant and Soil,1996,184(2):243.DOI:10.1007/BF00010453..
[18]李杉,邢更妹,崔凯荣,等.枸杞体细胞胚发生中Ca2+和ATPase的超微结构定位研究[J].实验生物学报,2003,36(6):414.
[19]戴云,张兵.细胞凋亡与细胞内信号[J].中国细胞生物学学报,1998(3):116.
[20]MCCONKEY D J,HARTZELL P,NICOTERA P,et al.Calcium-activated DNA fragmentation kills immature thymocytes[J].FASEB Journal,1989,3(7):1843.
[21]GROOVER A,JONES A M.Tracheary element differentiation uses a novel mechanism coordinating programmed cell death and secondary cell wall synthesis[J].Plant Physiology,1999,119(2):375.
[22]王广鹏.替码板栗混合芽细胞程序性死亡特征及调控信号因子研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.
[2]MORI I C,SCHROEDER J I.Reactive oxygen species activation of plant Ca2+channels.A signaling mechanism in polar growth,hormone transduction,stress signaling,and hypothetically mechanotransduction[J].Plant Physiology,2004,135(2).DOI:10.1104/pp.104.042069.
[3]VISSER E,VOESENEK L.Acclimation to soil floodignsensing and signal-transduction[J].Plant and Soil,2005,274(1/2):197.DOI:10.1007/s11104-004-1650-0.
[4]曾爱松,宋立晓,高兵,等.低温胁迫下甘蓝叶片细胞超微结构及叶肉细胞内Ca2+的分布变化[J].江苏农业学报,2011,27(5):1053.
[5]李继伟,邓祥宜,周竹青,等.Ca2+和Ca2+-ATPase在小麦颖果筛分子分化中的动态变化[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(12):4209.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2009.12.011.
[6]BUSH D S.Calcium regulation in plant cells and its role in signaling(review)[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology&Plant Molecular Biology,1995,46(1):95.
[7]LAM E,PONTIER D,DEL POZO O.Die and let liveprogrammed cell death in plants[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,1999,2(6):502.
[8]ZUPPINI A,NAVAZIO L,SELLA L,et al.An endopolygalacturonase from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum induces calcium-mediated signaling and programmed cell death in soybean cells[J].Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions,2005,18(8):849.DOI:10.1094/MPMI-18-0849.
[9]ROBERTS A W,HAIGLER C H.Rise in chlorotetracycline fluorescence accompanies tracheary element differentiation in suspension cultures of Zinnia[J].Protoplasma,1989,152(1):37.DOI:10.1007/BF01354238..
[10]HE C J,MORGAN P W,DREW M C.Transduction of an ethylene signal is required for cell death and lysis in the root cortex of maize during aerenchyma formation induced by hypoxia[J].Plant Physiology,1996,112(2):463.
[11]MAN Y,YASNOMI T,PYOYUN P.Novel evidence for apoptotic cell response and differential signals in chromatin condensation and DNA cleavage in victorintreated oats[J].Plant Journal,2001,28(1):13.
[12]杨蕊,关雪莲,张睿鹂,等.低温胁迫过程中北海道黄杨叶肉细胞Ca2+的动态变化[J].林业科学,2012,48(10):36.
[13]张宗申,利容千,王建波.导管分子程序化死亡过程中Ca2+的时空变化[J].科学通报,2001,46(13):1098.
[14]甘小洪,丁雨龙.毛竹茎秆纤维发育过程中Ca2+分布的时空变化[J].电子显微学报,2006,25(5):420.
[15]WANG G P,ZHANG Z H,KONG D J,et al.Programmed cell death is responsible for replaceable bud senescence in chestnut(Castanea mollissima BL.)[J].Plant Cell Reports,2012,31(9):1603.DOI:10.1007/s00299-012-1274-4..
[16]杨蕊,关雪莲,张睿鹂,等.低温胁迫下北海道黄杨叶肉细胞Ca2+和Ca2+-ATPase的变化[J].园艺学报,2013,40(6):1139.
[17]MORARD P,SILVESTRE J.Plant injury due to oxygen deficiency in the root environment of soilless culture:a review[J].Plant and Soil,1996,184(2):243.DOI:10.1007/BF00010453..
[18]李杉,邢更妹,崔凯荣,等.枸杞体细胞胚发生中Ca2+和ATPase的超微结构定位研究[J].实验生物学报,2003,36(6):414.
[19]戴云,张兵.细胞凋亡与细胞内信号[J].中国细胞生物学学报,1998(3):116.
[20]MCCONKEY D J,HARTZELL P,NICOTERA P,et al.Calcium-activated DNA fragmentation kills immature thymocytes[J].FASEB Journal,1989,3(7):1843.
[21]GROOVER A,JONES A M.Tracheary element differentiation uses a novel mechanism coordinating programmed cell death and secondary cell wall synthesis[J].Plant Physiology,1999,119(2):375.
[22]王广鹏.替码板栗混合芽细胞程序性死亡特征及调控信号因子研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2012.