胡桃、野核桃和胡桃楸木材解剖特征比较
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摘要
对胡桃(Juglans.regia)、野核桃(J.cathayensis)和胡桃楸(J.mandshurica)的木材微观结构进行电镜观察,比较3个树种木材微观解剖特征,并探究树种间的亲缘关系。结果表明:3种木材微观特征较为相似,均为圆柱状导管分子、卵圆形或圆形小管孔、单管孔及少数复管孔组合、互列管间纹孔、离管带状轴向薄壁组织、同型单列及多列木射线。微观结构差异主要体现在:野核桃属环孔材,胡桃与胡桃楸属半环孔材。胡桃与胡桃楸在导管腔径和壁厚、早材木纤维腔径和壁厚、晚材木纤维腔径和腔径比6个性状间存在极显著差异,在早材管孔密度、双列木射线高度、早材宽度和晚材率4个性状间存在显著差异。聚类分析可知,胡桃楸和野核桃首先相聚,亲缘关系较近。
The wood anatomy of Juglans regia, J. cathayensis and J. mandshurica were observed by electron microscopy, and the relationship among three species was studied. The three species have similar wood micro-characteristics. All the species were cylindrical vessel element, ovoid or circular small-pore, single pore and a few complex pore combinations, alternate pitting, apotracheal longitudinal parenchyma, the same type of uniseriate ray and multiseriatee ray. The microstructure difference was mainly reflected in: J. cathayensis belongs to ring porous wood, J. regia and J. mandshurica belong to semi-ring porous wood. There were six highly significant differences between J. regia and J. mandshurica, which was diameter and wall thickness of vessel, diameter and wall thickness of early wood fibre, diameter of late wood fiber, and the ratio of diameter to wall thickness for late wood fiber. There were significant differences between J. regia and J. mandshurica in the four characteristics, which were the density of pore in early wood, height of double row wood ray, width of early wood and late wood rate. Through cluster analysis, J. cathayensis and J. mandshurica were first clustered together, and their relationship was relatively closer.
The wood anatomy of Juglans regia, J. cathayensis and J. mandshurica were observed by electron microscopy, and the relationship among three species was studied. The three species have similar wood micro-characteristics. All the species were cylindrical vessel element, ovoid or circular small-pore, single pore and a few complex pore combinations, alternate pitting, apotracheal longitudinal parenchyma, the same type of uniseriate ray and multiseriatee ray. The microstructure difference was mainly reflected in: J. cathayensis belongs to ring porous wood, J. regia and J. mandshurica belong to semi-ring porous wood. There were six highly significant differences between J. regia and J. mandshurica, which was diameter and wall thickness of vessel, diameter and wall thickness of early wood fibre, diameter of late wood fiber, and the ratio of diameter to wall thickness for late wood fiber. There were significant differences between J. regia and J. mandshurica in the four characteristics, which were the density of pore in early wood, height of double row wood ray, width of early wood and late wood rate. Through cluster analysis, J. cathayensis and J. mandshurica were first clustered together, and their relationship was relatively closer.
引文
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[2] 田玉玲.胡桃楸树皮黄酮类化合物提取纯化及其抗肿瘤作用的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2009.
[3] 赵鹏,周惠娟,刘占林,等.胡桃属植物分子系统发育和生物地理研究进展[J].林业科学,2014,50(11):147-157.
[4] 韩丽娟,周春丽,吴树明,等.国产胡桃科次生木质部导管分子的比较解剖及其系统位置的讨论[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(6):146-151.
[5] 胡拉,吴东山,徐慧兰,等.青冈栎天然林木材的解剖特征及基本材性研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,38(2):206-210.
[6] 薛晓明,谢春平,孙小苗,等.樟和楠木的木材解剖结构特征和红外光谱比较研究[J].四川农业大学学报,2016,34(2):178-184.
[7] 邓传远,郑俊鸣,张万超,等.红海榄木材结构的生态解剖[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(6):604-615.
[8] 李龙,解庆,李周岐,等.柴松与油松针叶和木材解剖结构的差异[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(12):60-63.
[9] PACHECO A,CAMARERO J J,CARRER M.Shifts of irrigation in Aleppo pine under semi-arid conditions reveal uncoupled growth and carbon storage and legacy effects on wood anatomy[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2018,253/254:225-232.
[10] IAWA Committee.IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification[J].IAWA Bulletin New Series,1989,10(3):319-332.
[11] CARLQUIST S.Comparative wood anatomy:systematic,ecological,and evolutionary aspects of dicotyledon wood[M].Berlin:Springer Verlag,2001.
[12] 解庆.柴松分类地位与遗传多样性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015:38-44.
[13] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,2004,21:30-32.