激光武器变焦发射系统参数设计与特性分析
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摘要
为实现对远场飞行目标的有效毁伤,激光武器发射系统需具有一定精度的变焦能力。本文基于高斯光束的传输变换理论,利用MATLAB软件首先对卡塞格伦共轴变焦发射系统的参数设计及聚焦特性进行了详细的分析。结果表明该系统的聚焦距离存在一个极大值,该极大值与主发射镜的曲率半径成正比,与副发射镜扩束后的光束虚束腰半径成反比;当主、副发射镜具有相同的焦点间距时,聚焦光斑处的功率密度与二者均成反比。其次,理论推导了最大聚焦距离与系统口径的平方正比关系。最后对变焦精度进行了分析,结果显示随着虚束腰半径的减小,变焦精度变差,故为了满足变焦精度的需求,虚束腰半径存在一个极小值,进一步结合入射光束的参数即可确定副发射镜的曲率半径和口径大小。
In order to achieve the effective damage of the distant flight target, the emission system of laser weapons should possess the ability of variable-focus with a certain precision. The parameters design and focusing characteristics of the Cassegrain co-axial variable-focus emission system are analyzed computationally in detail using the software MATLAB according to the theory of the Gaussian beam transformation. The results show that the focusing distance has a maximum value, which is proportional to the curvature radius of the main mirror and inversely proportional to the virtual beam waist radius of the sub mirror. Meanwhile, the power intensity of the focused beam spot is inversely proportional to the curvature radius of the main mirror and the virtual beam waist radius of the sub mirror in the same separation distance between the focal points of the main and sub mirrors. The square proporitional relationship between the maximum focusing distance and the system aperture size is derived theoretically. The results that the accuracy of the variable-focus becomes poor according to the decrease of the virtual beam waist radius have been shown based on the analyses. Therefore, there is a minimum value of the virtual beam waist radius to satisfy the accuracy of the variable-focus. Furthermore, the curvature radius and the diameter of the sub mirror can be determined by the combination of the parameters of the incident laser beam.
In order to achieve the effective damage of the distant flight target, the emission system of laser weapons should possess the ability of variable-focus with a certain precision. The parameters design and focusing characteristics of the Cassegrain co-axial variable-focus emission system are analyzed computationally in detail using the software MATLAB according to the theory of the Gaussian beam transformation. The results show that the focusing distance has a maximum value, which is proportional to the curvature radius of the main mirror and inversely proportional to the virtual beam waist radius of the sub mirror. Meanwhile, the power intensity of the focused beam spot is inversely proportional to the curvature radius of the main mirror and the virtual beam waist radius of the sub mirror in the same separation distance between the focal points of the main and sub mirrors. The square proporitional relationship between the maximum focusing distance and the system aperture size is derived theoretically. The results that the accuracy of the variable-focus becomes poor according to the decrease of the virtual beam waist radius have been shown based on the analyses. Therefore, there is a minimum value of the virtual beam waist radius to satisfy the accuracy of the variable-focus. Furthermore, the curvature radius and the diameter of the sub mirror can be determined by the combination of the parameters of the incident laser beam.
引文
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[2] 郭劲,邵俊峰.机载激光武器技术发展探讨[J].光机电信息,2010,27(11):1-6.Guo Jin,Shao Junfeng.Technical Overview of Airborne Laser Weapons [J].OME Information,2010,27(11):1-6.(in Chinese)
[3] 刘毅.机载战术激光武器关键技术探讨[J].航空兵器,2011(5):43-46.Liu Yi.Airborne Tactical Laser Weapon Key Techniques Discussion [J].Aero Weaponry,2011(5):43-46.(in Chinese)
[4] 郭继周,沈雪石.定向能武器技术的发展动向[J].国防科技,2014,35(3):32-35.Guo Jizhou,Shen Xueshi.Development Trend of Directed Energy Weapons [J].National Defense Science & Technology,2014,35(3):32-35.(in Chinese)
[5] 刘晓明,葛悦涛.高能激光武器的发展分析[J].战术导弹技术,2014(1):5-9.Liu Xiaoming,Ge Yuetao.Analysis of Development of High Energy Laser Weapon [J].Tactical Missile Technology,2014(1):5-9.(in Chinese)
[6] 王建华,张东来,李小将,等.美军天基和机载激光反导研究计划及调整分析[J].激光与红外,2012,42(4):354-359.Wang Jianhua,Zhang Donglai,Li Xiaojiang,et al.Ana-lysis of the Research Plan and Adjustment of American Spaceborne and Airborne Anti-Missile Laser [J].Laser & Infrared,2012,42(4):354-359.(in Chinese)
[7] 任国光,伊炜伟,齐予,等.美国战区和战略无人机载激光武器[J].激光与光电子学进展,2017,54(10):13-24.Ren Guoguang,Yi Weiwei,Qi Yu,et al.U.S.Theater and Strategic UVA-Borne Laser Weapon [J].Laser & Optoelectronics Progress,2017,54(10):13-24.(in Chinese)
[8] 王茜,冯寒亮.德国莱茵金属公司高能激光的发展现状[J].飞航导弹,2017(7):3-8.Wang Qian,Feng Hanliang.Development Status of High Energy Laser in Rhine Metal Company of Germany[J].Aerodynamic Missile Journal,2017(7):3-8.(in Chinese)
[9] 朱锦鹏,马壮,高丽红,等.基于等离子喷涂的反射型激光防护涂层研究[J].中国光学,2017,10(5):578-587.Zhu Jinpeng,Ma Zhuang,Gao Lihong,et al.Reflective Laser Protective Coating Based on Plasma Spraying [J].Chinese Optics,2017,10(5):578-587.(in Chinese)
[10] 李青源.强激光对飞行器的毁伤效应[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2012.Li Qingyuan.Damage Effects of Vehicles Irradiated by Intense Lasers [M].Beijing:China Astronautic Publishing House,2012.(in Chinese)
[11] 姚跃民,温求遒,刘小军,等.基于大气能见度的激光制导炸弹武器系统作战使用性能研究[J].航空兵器,2017(3):74-80.Yao Yuemin,Wen Qiuqiu,Liu Xiaojun,et al.Research on Laser Guided Bomb Weapon System Combat Efficiency Based on Atmospheric Visibility[J].Aero Weaponry,2017(3):74-80.(in Chinese)
[12] 安毓英,刘继芳,曹长庆.激光原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.An Yuying,Liu Jifang,Cao Changqing.Laser Principle and Technology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[13] 刘金环.高斯光束的光学变换[J].光学精密工程,1994,2(3):15-21.Liu Jinhuan.Optical Transform of Gaussian Beam [J].Optics and Precision Engineering,1994,2(3):15-21.(in Chinese)