三省市3～12岁儿童家长家庭食品安全行为现状及影响因素
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摘要
目的了解3～12岁儿童家长家庭食品安全行为现状及其影响因素。方法 2018年9—12月在上海市、四川省、河北省采用随机整群抽样方法,每个地区分别选一个城市点,一个农村点,每个点随机抽3～4所幼儿园和2～3所小学,共选取12 449例3～12岁儿童家长作为研究对象进行问卷调查,采用二元Logistic回归对家长家庭食品安全正确行为进行多因素分析。结果三省市家庭食品安全平均得分为13.5(11.0～16.0)分,正确行为及格率为47.8%,其中解冻冷冻食物、食物防鼠/蟑螂/蝇、剩饭处理、制备生熟食物使用不同案板/刀具的正确率很低,分别为3.4%、12.8%、26.3%和32.4%。Logistic多因素分析显示,正确行为及格率河北低于上海,OR=0.873(95%CI 0.794～0.960);31～40岁、41～50岁及50岁以上家长高于18～30岁家长,OR值分别为1.391(95%CI 1.247～1.552)、1.836(95%CI 1.589～2.121)和1.954(95%CI 1.269～3.009);大专和本科及以上文化程度家长高于小学及以下家长,OR值分别为1.392(95%CI 1.088～1.781)和1.466(95%CI 1.148～1.870);家庭经济收入中等、高水平高于收入低水平,OR值分别为1.396(95%CI 1.260～1.547)和2.543(95%CI 2.069～3.126),过去半年发生食物中毒高于未发生食物中毒,OR=1.639(95%CI 1.336～2.010)。结论三省市3～12岁儿童家长家庭食品安全正确行为比例较低。
OBJECTIVE To understand behaviors and influence factors on household food safety among caregivers of child aged 3-12 years old. METHODS A total of 12 449 caregivers of children aged 3-12 years were selected using random sampling method in Shanghai Municipality, Sichuan and Hebei Provinces from September 2018 to December 2018. A city and a rural district were chosen from each region points, respectively, then 3-4 kindergartens and 2-3 primary schools were randomly selected. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to parents and collected timely, focused on the information of behaviors on food safety. Binary logistic regression was used to multiple-factor regression analysis on food safety behavior of children caregivers. RESULTS The average score of household food safety behaviors in three provinces was 13.5(11.0-16.0), and the pass rate of correct behavior was 47.8%. The main problems included the correct defrost of frozen food(3.4%), the storage of food with anti-rat, cockroach, fly facilities(12.8%), never eat leftovers or if leftovers in the refrigerator at home, thoroughly heating(26.3%), and the preparation of raw and cooked food using separate cutting boards/knives(32.4%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the pass rate of correct behavior in Hebei was lower than that in Shanghai, the odds ratio(OR) was 0.873(95%CI 0.794-0.960); parents aged 31-40, 41-50 and above of 50 was higher than that of parents aged 18-30, OR were 1.391(95%CI 1.247-1.552), 1.836(95%CI 1.589-2.121) and 1.954(95%CI 1.269-3.009), respectively; the education level of junior college and above was higher than that of primary school and below, OR was 1.392(95%CI 1.088-1.781) and 1.466(95%CI 1.148-1.870), respectively; the median and high level of family economic income were higher than the low level of income, with an OR value of 1.396(95%CI 1.260-1.547) and 2.543(95%CI 2.069-3.126), respectively; the incidence of food poisoning in the past six months was higher than that without food poisoning, with an OR value of 1.639(95%CI 1.336-2.010). CONCLUSION The correct behaviors level on food safety is relative low.
OBJECTIVE To understand behaviors and influence factors on household food safety among caregivers of child aged 3-12 years old. METHODS A total of 12 449 caregivers of children aged 3-12 years were selected using random sampling method in Shanghai Municipality, Sichuan and Hebei Provinces from September 2018 to December 2018. A city and a rural district were chosen from each region points, respectively, then 3-4 kindergartens and 2-3 primary schools were randomly selected. A self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to parents and collected timely, focused on the information of behaviors on food safety. Binary logistic regression was used to multiple-factor regression analysis on food safety behavior of children caregivers. RESULTS The average score of household food safety behaviors in three provinces was 13.5(11.0-16.0), and the pass rate of correct behavior was 47.8%. The main problems included the correct defrost of frozen food(3.4%), the storage of food with anti-rat, cockroach, fly facilities(12.8%), never eat leftovers or if leftovers in the refrigerator at home, thoroughly heating(26.3%), and the preparation of raw and cooked food using separate cutting boards/knives(32.4%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the pass rate of correct behavior in Hebei was lower than that in Shanghai, the odds ratio(OR) was 0.873(95%CI 0.794-0.960); parents aged 31-40, 41-50 and above of 50 was higher than that of parents aged 18-30, OR were 1.391(95%CI 1.247-1.552), 1.836(95%CI 1.589-2.121) and 1.954(95%CI 1.269-3.009), respectively; the education level of junior college and above was higher than that of primary school and below, OR was 1.392(95%CI 1.088-1.781) and 1.466(95%CI 1.148-1.870), respectively; the median and high level of family economic income were higher than the low level of income, with an OR value of 1.396(95%CI 1.260-1.547) and 2.543(95%CI 2.069-3.126), respectively; the incidence of food poisoning in the past six months was higher than that without food poisoning, with an OR value of 1.639(95%CI 1.336-2.010). CONCLUSION The correct behaviors level on food safety is relative low.
引文
[1] 国家卫生计生委办公厅关于2015年全国食物中毒事件情况的通报[EB/OL].[2018-10-10].http://www.nhfpc.gov.cn/yjb/s7859/201604/8d34e4c442c54d33909319954c43311c.shtml.
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[5] 史根生,张卫民,刘亦农,等.广东、吉林、四川、湖北四省居民食品安全教育前后知信行的比较[J].中国健康教育,2004,20(6):532-534.
[6] 蔡昌晶,王春艳,智春,等.食品安全示范校食堂食品安全现况及学生员工相关认知调查[J].中国健康教育,2014,30(4):351-353.
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[10] 连玉峰,黄彪,杨卫国,等.珠海市食品行业管理人员卫生知识、行为调查[J].中国公共卫生管理,2006,22(5):426-427.
[11] 毛雪丹,胡俊峰,刘秀梅.2003-2007年中国1060起细菌性食源性疾病流行病学特征分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2010,22(3):224-228.
[12] 朱奇,殷濛濛,何美琪,等.南通市区居民食品安全行为调查[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(19):3565-3568.
[13] 刘妍妤,张秀敏,李为群,等.长春市朝阳区居民食品安全知信行现状研究[J].医学与社会,2016,29(5):97-100.
[14] 李俊峰.济南市部分居民食品安全知识、态度、行为调查[J].中国健康教育,2014,30(11):1013-1016.
[15] 国家卫生计生委办公厅.国家卫生计生委办公厅关于2015年第三季度全国食物中毒事件情况的通报[J].中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会公报,2015(11):38.
[16] 史根生,刘亦农,张卫民,等.广东、吉林、四川、湖北四省居民食品安全知识、态度和行为调查[J].中国健康教育,2004,20(8):677-680.
[17] 袁帆,陈征,张妍,等.我国职业人群身体活动现状调查[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(10):1327-1330.
[2] 吴秀芳,刘沛.家庭因素对小学生营养知识、态度、行为的影响[J].江苏预防医学,2012,23(3):17-19.
[3] 童瑶.长沙市餐饮从业人员食品安全知信行调查及影响因素分析[D].长沙:中南大学,2012.
[4] 曾芳,孙振球,许林勇,等.西部两县低年级小学生营养与食品安全知识、态度、行为状况及影响因素分析[J].中南大学学报(医学版),2012,37(2):131-136.
[5] 史根生,张卫民,刘亦农,等.广东、吉林、四川、湖北四省居民食品安全教育前后知信行的比较[J].中国健康教育,2004,20(6):532-534.
[6] 蔡昌晶,王春艳,智春,等.食品安全示范校食堂食品安全现况及学生员工相关认知调查[J].中国健康教育,2014,30(4):351-353.
[7] 沈丽.深圳市居民食品安全知识、态度和行为的调查[J].现代预防医学,2010,37(13):2414-2415.
[8] 杨芙蓉,吴斌,蔡扬,等.泰州市超市食品从业人员食品安全知信行调查[J].中国健康教育,2005,21 (12):939-941.
[9] 朱发考,孙正太,张正东,等.泰州市海陵区食品摊贩食品安全“知信行”现状调查[J].中国卫生监督杂志,2014(5):447-452.
[10] 连玉峰,黄彪,杨卫国,等.珠海市食品行业管理人员卫生知识、行为调查[J].中国公共卫生管理,2006,22(5):426-427.
[11] 毛雪丹,胡俊峰,刘秀梅.2003-2007年中国1060起细菌性食源性疾病流行病学特征分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2010,22(3):224-228.
[12] 朱奇,殷濛濛,何美琪,等.南通市区居民食品安全行为调查[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(19):3565-3568.
[13] 刘妍妤,张秀敏,李为群,等.长春市朝阳区居民食品安全知信行现状研究[J].医学与社会,2016,29(5):97-100.
[14] 李俊峰.济南市部分居民食品安全知识、态度、行为调查[J].中国健康教育,2014,30(11):1013-1016.
[15] 国家卫生计生委办公厅.国家卫生计生委办公厅关于2015年第三季度全国食物中毒事件情况的通报[J].中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会公报,2015(11):38.
[16] 史根生,刘亦农,张卫民,等.广东、吉林、四川、湖北四省居民食品安全知识、态度和行为调查[J].中国健康教育,2004,20(8):677-680.
[17] 袁帆,陈征,张妍,等.我国职业人群身体活动现状调查[J].中国公共卫生,2018,34(10):1327-1330.