南海南部北康盆地中新世碳酸盐台地地震响应及分布特征
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摘要
以大量高精度2D地震资料分析为基础,对北康盆地碳酸盐台地地震反射特征、演化期次及分布特征开展了系统研究。北康盆地碳酸盐台地自早中新世开始发育,中中新世广泛分布,而从晚中新世开始衰退淹没。中新世碳酸盐台地多为孤立台地,台地边缘常发育断层,台地顶部在地震剖面上多呈现为两条平行和亚平行强反射轴,内部呈杂乱和亚平行空白及弱反射轴,底部则多为一条光滑的平行和亚平行弱反射轴。北康盆地中新世碳酸盐台地发育可以划分为3个期次,第1期台地发育范围大且厚度较薄;第2期台地范围缩小,受到断层控制明显;第3期台地范围进一步缩小直至被淹没。北康盆地中新世碳酸盐台地主要为北东向和北西向,这与周边盆地和现今碳酸盐台地走向一致,其平面分布受到构造隆起和断裂的控制。
Seismic reflection characteristics,as well as the distribution pattern and evolution history of the carbonate platforms in the Beikang Basin are systematically studied in this paper,based on the high resolution2 D seismic data acquired so far.The study filled the gap in the research of carbonate platforms in the Beikang Basin,having great significance for revealing the evolutionary history of carbonate platforms and prediction of carbonate reservoirs.The carbonate platforms in the Beikang Basin started from Early Miocene,extended in Middle Miocene,and declined and drowned in Late Miocene.The Miocene carbonate platforms are mostly isolated by faults on the edge of platforms.In seismic sections,the top of the carbonate platform always has two parallel or sub-parallel strong reflection axes and the inside is characterized by blank and disordered reflection or sub-parallel weak reflection axes sometimes.While the bottom of the platform is a smooth parallel or sub-parallel weak reflection axes.The Miocene carbonate platforms in the Beikang Basin can be subdivided into three stages.The platforms in the first stage were wide laterally,but thin in thickness.In the second stage,the platforms were controlled by faults obviously with smaller lateral extension.In the third stage,however,the platforms were submerged gradually and disappeared finally.The Miocene carbonate platforms were mainly north-east and north-west in direction,similar to the platforms in other basins adjacent and present platforms in the South China Sea.The distribution of these carbonate platforms are possibly controlled by structural highs and faults.
Seismic reflection characteristics,as well as the distribution pattern and evolution history of the carbonate platforms in the Beikang Basin are systematically studied in this paper,based on the high resolution2 D seismic data acquired so far.The study filled the gap in the research of carbonate platforms in the Beikang Basin,having great significance for revealing the evolutionary history of carbonate platforms and prediction of carbonate reservoirs.The carbonate platforms in the Beikang Basin started from Early Miocene,extended in Middle Miocene,and declined and drowned in Late Miocene.The Miocene carbonate platforms are mostly isolated by faults on the edge of platforms.In seismic sections,the top of the carbonate platform always has two parallel or sub-parallel strong reflection axes and the inside is characterized by blank and disordered reflection or sub-parallel weak reflection axes sometimes.While the bottom of the platform is a smooth parallel or sub-parallel weak reflection axes.The Miocene carbonate platforms in the Beikang Basin can be subdivided into three stages.The platforms in the first stage were wide laterally,but thin in thickness.In the second stage,the platforms were controlled by faults obviously with smaller lateral extension.In the third stage,however,the platforms were submerged gradually and disappeared finally.The Miocene carbonate platforms were mainly north-east and north-west in direction,similar to the platforms in other basins adjacent and present platforms in the South China Sea.The distribution of these carbonate platforms are possibly controlled by structural highs and faults.
引文
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[2]吴熙纯,王权锋,陈斯忠,等。从世界第三季生物礁的油气储集潜能看中国南海生物礁储层发育和分布的控制因素[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(4):218-224.[WU Xichun,WANG Quanfeng,CHEN Sizhong,et al.Considering controls on development and distribution of reef reservoirs in South China Sea from the hydrocarbon accumulation potential of tertiary reefs in the world[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2011,23(4):218-224.]
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[4] Valenting Z,Wolfgang S,Jan-Henk V K,et al.Architecture and growth history of a Miocene carbonate platform from 3D seismic reflection data:Luconia Province,offshore Sarawak,Malaysia[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21:517-534.
[5] LüC L,Wu S G,Yao Y J,et al.Development and controlling factors of the development and controlling factors of Miocene carbonate platform in the Nam Con Son Basin,southwestern South China Sea,southwestern South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2013,45:55-68.
[6]吴时国,张新元.南海共轭陆缘新生代碳酸盐台地对海盆构造演化的响应[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2015,40(2):234-248.[WU Shiguo,ZHANG Xinyuan.Response of Cenozoic carbonate platform on tectonic evolution in the conjugated margin of South China Sea[J].Editorial Committee of Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2015,40(2):234-248.]
[7] Fournier F,Borgomano J,Montaggioni L.Development patterns and controlling factors of Tertiary carbonate buildups:Insights from high-resolution 3Dseismic and well data in the Malampaya Gas Field(Offshore Palawan,Philippines)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2005,175:189-215.
[8] Charles S H.Marginal basin evolution:the southern South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21:1129-1148.
[9] Eduard K.Sea-level changes,shoreline Journeys,and the seismic stratigraphy of central Luconia,Miocene-present,offshore Sarawak,NW Borneo[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2015,59:35-55.
[10]许红,陆永潮,施和生,等.南沙群岛海域北康盆地生物礁高精度层序地层学及其新近纪生物礁层序演化模式[J].热带海洋学报,2009,28(2):48-54.[XU Hong,LU Yongchao,SHI Hesheng,et al.High-precision organic reef sequence stratigraphy of beikang basin and sequence evolution model of Neogene organic reefs in Nansha Islands Sea Area[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2009,28(2):48-54.]
[11]杨振,张光学,张莉,等.南海南部北康盆地生物礁的类型及油气勘探前景[J].中国地质,2017,44(3):428-438.[YANG Zhen,ZHANG Guangxue,ZHANG Li,et al.The Style and hydrocarbon prospects of reefs in the Beikang Basin,southern South China Sea[J].Geology in China,2017,44(3):428-438.]
[12]解习农,张成,任建业,等.南海南北大陆边缘盆地构造演化差异性对油气成藏条件控制[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3280-3291.[XIE Xinong,ZHANG Cheng,REN Jianye,et al.Effects of distinct tectonic evolutions on hydrocarbon accumulation in northern and southern continental marginal basins of South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(12):3280-3291.]
[13]张光学,白志琳.南海西南部万安盆地构造样式特征、成因及找油意义[J].石油实验地质,1998,20(3):210-216.[ZHANG Guangxue,BAI Zhilin.The characteristics of structural styles and their influences on oil and gas accumulation of the Wan’an Basin in the southwestern South China Sea[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1998,20(3):210-216.]
[14] Khain V E,Polakova I D.Oil and gas potential of deep and ultra-deep water zones of continental margins[J].Lithology and Mineral Resources,2004,39(6):610-621.
[15]张功成,朱伟林,米立军,等.“源热共控论”:来自南海海域油气田“外油内气”环带有序分布的新认识[J].沉积学报,2010,28(5):987-1005.[ZHANG Gongcheng,ZHU Weilin,MI Lijun,et al.The theory of hydrocarbon generation controlled by source rock and heat from circle distribution of outside-oil fields and inside-gas fields in South China Sea[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(5):987-1005.]
[16]杨明慧,张厚和,廖宗宝,等.南海南沙海域主要盆地含油气系统特征[J].地学前缘,2015,22(3):48-58.[YANG Minghui,ZHANG Houhe,LIAO Zongbao et al.Petroleum systems of the major sedimentary basins in Nansha Sea Waters(South China Sea)[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(3):48-58.]
[17]张莉,王嘹亮,易海.北康盆地的形成与演化[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(4):245-248.[ZHANG Li,WANG Liaoliang,YI Hai.The formation and evolution of Beikang Basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Geology),2003,17(4):245-248.]
[18]王宏斌,姚伯初,梁金强,等.北康盆地构造特征及其构造区划[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2001,21(2):49-54.[WANG Hongbin,YAO Bochu,LIANG Jinqiang,et al.Tectonic characteristics and division of the Beikang Basin[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2001,21(2):49-54.]
[19]刘振湖,郭丽华.北康盆地沉降作用与构造运动[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(2):51-57.[LIU Zhenhu,GUO Lihua.Subsidence and tectonic evolution of the Beikang Basin,the South China Sea[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2003,23(2):51-57.]
[20]王嘹亮,吴能友,周祖翼,等.南海西南部北康盆地新生代沉积演化史[J].中国地质,2002,29(1):96-102.[WANG Liaoliang,WU Nengyou,ZHOU Zuyi,et al.History of the Cenozoic sedimentary evolution of the Beikang Basin,southwestern South China Sea[J].Geology in China,2002,29(1):96-102.]
[21] Petronas.Research and Scientific Services,Petronas.Petroleum Management Unit[C]//The Petroleum Geology and Resources of Malaysia.Petronas,1999.
[22]姚永坚,杨楚鹏,李学杰,等.南海南部海域中中新世(T3界面)构造变革界面地震反射特征及构造含义[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(4):1274-1286.[YAO Yongjian,YANG Chupeng,LI Xuejie,et al.The seismic reflection characteristics and tectonic significance of the tectonic revolutionary surface of Mid-Miocene(T3seismic interface)in the southern South China Sea[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2013,56(4):1274-1286.]
[23] Briais A,Patriat P,Tapponnier P.Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea:Implications for the Tertiary tectonics of southeast Asia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98:6299-6328.
[24] Haq B V,Hardenbol J,Vail P R.Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and cycles of sea level change[C]//In:Wilgus C,Hasting B,Posamentier H,et al(Eds.).Sea Level Changes-an Integrated Approach,SEPM,Special Publication42,1988:71-108.
[25] Abdul M M,Wong R H F.Seismic sequence stratigraphy of the Tertiary sediments,offshore Sarawak Deepwater Area,Malaysia[J].Geological Society of Malaysia Bulletin,1995,37:345-361.
[26] Wu S G,Yang Z,Wang D W,et al.Architecture,development and geological control of the Xisha carbonate platforms,northwestern South China Sea[J].Marine Geology,2014,350:71-83.
[27] Madon M,Ly K C,Wong R.The structure and stratigraphy of deepwater sarawak,Malaysia:implications for tectonic evolution[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2013,76:312-333.
[28]鄢全树,石学法,王昆山,等.南沙微地块花岗质岩石LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义[J].地质学报,2008,82(8):1057-1067.[YAN Quanshu,SHI Xuefa,WANG Kunshan,et al.LA-ICPMS Zircon U-Pb dating of granitic rocks from the Nansha Micro-Block,South China Sea,and its geological significance[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(8):1057-1067.]
[29] Yan Q S,Shi X F,Wang K S,Bu W R,Xiao L.Major element,trace element,Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic studies of CenozoicAlkali Basalts from the South China Sea[J].Science in China(Series D),2008,51(4):550-566.
[30]关成尧,张厚和,漆家福,等.南沙海域晚中新世火山侵入伸展幕[J].石油学报,2013,34(2):129-136.[GUANG Chengyao,ZHANG Houhe,QI Jiafu,et al.Volcano intrusive stretching episode in Late Miocene Nansha Basins of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(2):129-136.]
[31] Tucker M E,Wright V P.Carbonate Sedimentology[M].Oxford,Blackwell Scientific Publications,1990:482.
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