耕作模式对夏玉米产量及灌浆特性的影响
|
摘要
以玉米品种郑单958为试验材料,通过4年(2009～2012年)的定位试验,比较研究了深松40 cm+秸秆还田(SSS)、连续深耕+秸秆不还田(CT)、连续深耕(30～35 cm)+秸秆还田(CTS)、常规耕作(旋耕)+秸秆还田(CK) 4种处理对玉米产量及农艺性状的影响。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,SSS处理平均增产幅度达到16. 9%;与CT处理相比,CTS处理平均增产11. 6%;(2) SSS处理有利于提高玉米散粉中后期灌浆速率,增加平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率,最终增加千粒重;而与CTS处理比较,CT处理的中后期灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率均较低,最大灌浆速率出现日较早,灌浆总天数较少,最终千粒重较低;(3)SSS处理能改善土壤物理状况,降低土壤R值,有利于玉米根系下扎;而CT处理则较CTS增加了0～10 cm和20～30 cm土层容重,不利于玉米根系生长。因此深松和覆盖有利于玉米后期生长和土壤物理性状的改良,改善籽粒灌浆特性,从而提高夏玉米产量。
Through 4 years(2009-2012) of position experiment,used Zhengdan 958 as experimental material,the effects of subsoiling 40 cm + straw returning( SSS),continuous deep tillage + straw non-returning( CT),continuous deep tillage(30-35 cm) + straw returning( CTS),conventional tillage( rotary tillage) + straw returning( CK) on maize yield and agronomic traits were studied. The results showed that:(1) compared with CK,the average increasing rate of SSS was16. 9%,and the average yield of CTS treatment decreased by 11. 6% compared with CT treatment;(2) SSS treatment was beneficial to increase the filling rate,average filling rate and maximum filling rate in the middle and late stages of bulk maize flour,and ultimately increased 1000-grain weight. CT treatment decreased the filling rate in the middle and late stages,decreased the average filling rate and maximum filling rate,the maximum filling rate appeared earlier and the total days of filling were fewer than that of CTS treatment. The final 1000-grain weight is the smallest;(3) SSS treatment improved soil physical condition and reduced soil R value,which was conducive to maize root penetration,while CT treatment increased soil bulk density by 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm compared with CTS treatment,which was not conducive to maize root growth. Therefore,subsoiling and mulching can improve maize yield,grain filling characteristics,maize late growth and soil physical properties.
Through 4 years(2009-2012) of position experiment,used Zhengdan 958 as experimental material,the effects of subsoiling 40 cm + straw returning( SSS),continuous deep tillage + straw non-returning( CT),continuous deep tillage(30-35 cm) + straw returning( CTS),conventional tillage( rotary tillage) + straw returning( CK) on maize yield and agronomic traits were studied. The results showed that:(1) compared with CK,the average increasing rate of SSS was16. 9%,and the average yield of CTS treatment decreased by 11. 6% compared with CT treatment;(2) SSS treatment was beneficial to increase the filling rate,average filling rate and maximum filling rate in the middle and late stages of bulk maize flour,and ultimately increased 1000-grain weight. CT treatment decreased the filling rate in the middle and late stages,decreased the average filling rate and maximum filling rate,the maximum filling rate appeared earlier and the total days of filling were fewer than that of CTS treatment. The final 1000-grain weight is the smallest;(3) SSS treatment improved soil physical condition and reduced soil R value,which was conducive to maize root penetration,while CT treatment increased soil bulk density by 0-10 cm and 20-30 cm compared with CTS treatment,which was not conducive to maize root growth. Therefore,subsoiling and mulching can improve maize yield,grain filling characteristics,maize late growth and soil physical properties.
引文
[1]郭书亚.秸秆覆盖深松对土壤肥力及夏玉米生育和产量的影响[D].洛阳:河南科技大学硕士学位论文,2011.
[2]王福亮.玉米田不同深松方式的效果比较研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2010,10(9):127-129.
[3]宋淑云,晋齐鸣,张伟,等.深松土壤病原真菌数量分布对玉米病害发生趋势的影响[J].玉米科学,2007,15(3):130-132.
[4]于淑婷,赵亚丽,王育红,等.轮耕模式对黄淮海冬小麦—夏玉米两熟区农田土壤改良效应[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2150-2165.
[5]徐莹莹,王俊河,刘玉涛,等.秸秆不同还田方式对土壤物理性状、玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2018,26(5):78-84.
[6]刘文国,赵强,杨艳美.秸秆还田处理对土壤理化性状及玉米产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(27):111-117.
[7]战秀梅,彭靖,李秀龙,等.耕作及秸秆还田方式对春玉米产量及土壤理化性状的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(3):204-209.
[8]庞党伟,陈金,唐玉海,等.玉米秸秆还田方式和氮肥处理对土壤理化性质及冬小麦产量的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(11):1689-1699.
[9]丛艳静,韩萍.连续3年玉米秸秆还田对土壤理化性状及作物产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(17):95-98.
[10]吴婕,朱钟麟,郑家国,等.秸秆覆盖还田对土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2006(2):192-195.
[11]郄营,司长城,田琳.秸秆还田对土壤理化性质及小麦产量的影响[J].河北农业科学,2017,21(6):44-48,98.
[12]刘禹池,曾祥忠,冯文强,等.稻—油轮作下长期秸秆还田与施肥对作物产量和土壤理化性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1450-1459.
[13]武际,郭熙盛,鲁剑巍,等.水旱轮作制下连续秸秆覆盖对土壤理化性质和作物产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):587-594.
[14]郭海斌,张军刚,王文文,等.耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤呼吸及其影响因素的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2018,64(6):1-3.
[13]王小彬,蔡典雄,张镜清,等.旱地玉米秸秆还田对土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2000,33(4):54-61.
[14]颜丽,宋杨,贺靖,等.玉米秸秆还田时间和还田方式对土壤肥力和作物产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2004,35(2):143-148.
[15]高金虎,孙占祥,冯良山,等.秸秆与氮肥配施对玉米生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(11):116-120.
[15]朱庆森,曹显祖,骆亦其.水稻籽粒灌浆的生长分析[J].作物学报,1988,14(3):182-193.
[16]顾世梁,朱庆森,杨建昌,等.不同水稻材料籽粒灌浆特性的分析[J].作物学报,2001,27(1):7-14.
[17]冀保毅,李潮海,赵亚丽,等.一种用立体几何知识分析土壤三相比数据的方法:103197045A[P]. 2013-07-10.
[18]王俊河,宫秀杰,于洋,等.春季深松对土壤物理性质及玉米产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011(12):16-18.
[19]张国华,王玉光.正交设计在玉米垄翻深松施肥试验上的应用[J].黑龙江农业科学,1979(4):33-37.
[20]张俊鹏,孙景生,刘祖贵,等.不同水分条件和覆盖处理对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):501-506.
[21]秦红灵,高旺盛,马月存,等.两年免耕后深松对土壤水分的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(1):78-85.
[22]张瑞富,杨恒山,高聚林,等.深松对春玉米根系形态特征和生理特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):78-84.
[23]张丽,张中东,郭正宇,等.深松耕作和秸秆还田对农田土壤物理特性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(1):102-106,117.
[24]赵亚丽,刘卫玲,程思贤,等.深松(耕)方式对砂姜黑土耕层特性、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(13):2489-2503.
[2]王福亮.玉米田不同深松方式的效果比较研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2010,10(9):127-129.
[3]宋淑云,晋齐鸣,张伟,等.深松土壤病原真菌数量分布对玉米病害发生趋势的影响[J].玉米科学,2007,15(3):130-132.
[4]于淑婷,赵亚丽,王育红,等.轮耕模式对黄淮海冬小麦—夏玉米两熟区农田土壤改良效应[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2150-2165.
[5]徐莹莹,王俊河,刘玉涛,等.秸秆不同还田方式对土壤物理性状、玉米产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2018,26(5):78-84.
[6]刘文国,赵强,杨艳美.秸秆还田处理对土壤理化性状及玉米产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(27):111-117.
[7]战秀梅,彭靖,李秀龙,等.耕作及秸秆还田方式对春玉米产量及土壤理化性状的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(3):204-209.
[8]庞党伟,陈金,唐玉海,等.玉米秸秆还田方式和氮肥处理对土壤理化性质及冬小麦产量的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(11):1689-1699.
[9]丛艳静,韩萍.连续3年玉米秸秆还田对土壤理化性状及作物产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(17):95-98.
[10]吴婕,朱钟麟,郑家国,等.秸秆覆盖还田对土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J].西南农业学报,2006(2):192-195.
[11]郄营,司长城,田琳.秸秆还田对土壤理化性质及小麦产量的影响[J].河北农业科学,2017,21(6):44-48,98.
[12]刘禹池,曾祥忠,冯文强,等.稻—油轮作下长期秸秆还田与施肥对作物产量和土壤理化性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1450-1459.
[13]武际,郭熙盛,鲁剑巍,等.水旱轮作制下连续秸秆覆盖对土壤理化性质和作物产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):587-594.
[14]郭海斌,张军刚,王文文,等.耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤呼吸及其影响因素的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2018,64(6):1-3.
[13]王小彬,蔡典雄,张镜清,等.旱地玉米秸秆还田对土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2000,33(4):54-61.
[14]颜丽,宋杨,贺靖,等.玉米秸秆还田时间和还田方式对土壤肥力和作物产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2004,35(2):143-148.
[15]高金虎,孙占祥,冯良山,等.秸秆与氮肥配施对玉米生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2011,42(11):116-120.
[15]朱庆森,曹显祖,骆亦其.水稻籽粒灌浆的生长分析[J].作物学报,1988,14(3):182-193.
[16]顾世梁,朱庆森,杨建昌,等.不同水稻材料籽粒灌浆特性的分析[J].作物学报,2001,27(1):7-14.
[17]冀保毅,李潮海,赵亚丽,等.一种用立体几何知识分析土壤三相比数据的方法:103197045A[P]. 2013-07-10.
[18]王俊河,宫秀杰,于洋,等.春季深松对土壤物理性质及玉米产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2011(12):16-18.
[19]张国华,王玉光.正交设计在玉米垄翻深松施肥试验上的应用[J].黑龙江农业科学,1979(4):33-37.
[20]张俊鹏,孙景生,刘祖贵,等.不同水分条件和覆盖处理对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(3):501-506.
[21]秦红灵,高旺盛,马月存,等.两年免耕后深松对土壤水分的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(1):78-85.
[22]张瑞富,杨恒山,高聚林,等.深松对春玉米根系形态特征和生理特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):78-84.
[23]张丽,张中东,郭正宇,等.深松耕作和秸秆还田对农田土壤物理特性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(1):102-106,117.
[24]赵亚丽,刘卫玲,程思贤,等.深松(耕)方式对砂姜黑土耕层特性、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(13):2489-2503.