选区激光熔化TC4粉末制备及成形工艺研究
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摘要
为了提高气雾化制粉方法制备钛合金粉末的性能,使其更适应增材制造工艺,采用自主研发设计的电极感应气雾化制粉设备(EIGA)制备TC4钛合金粉末,研究雾化器气流汇聚角度对粉末粒度、粉末形貌的影响,采用马尔文激光粒度分析仪、氧氮氢分析仪、霍尔流速计、松装密度检测仪和工业CT等设备对粉末氧氮含量、流动性和空心粉含量进行测试。利用Concept Laser M2选区激光熔化设备对TC4粉末进行打印工艺验证研究,对比不同打印方向拉伸试样的室温力学性能,并分析选区激光熔化工艺成形TC4构件的显微组织。测试结果表明,当雾化器汇聚角度为25°时,53μm以下粉末的收得率最高,粉末性能最好。打印验证表明,粉末与Concept Laser M2打印设备的匹配度较好,力学拉伸数据能达到设备要求。因此通过改善雾化器结构能够有效提升气雾化法制备钛合金粉末的性能,并能与增材制造工艺匹配。
In order to improve the performance of titanium alloy powder prepared by gas atomization method, and make it more suitable for the additive manufacturing process, the electrode induction melting inert gas atomization(EIGA) furnace which is developed and designed independently is used to prepare TC4 titanium alloy powder. The influence of convergence angle of atomizer on particles size and morphology of powder are mainly studied. Laser particle size analyzer, oxygen-nitrogen and hydrogen analyzer, hall flow meter, apparent density tester and industrial computed tomography(CT) are used to analyze the data of oxygen and nitrogen content, fluidity and the content of hollow powder. The selective laser melting machine is Concept Laser M2, which is used to research the printing process of TC4 powder, and the sample's mechanical properties of tensile is compared in different printing directions at room temperature. Microscopic structure of TC4 component by SLM is analyzed. It shows that when the convergence angle of atomizer is 25°, the yield of powder under 53 micron is highest, and the performance of powders is best. The performance of powder on Concept Laser M2 is good, and the test data of mechanical tensile can meet the facility request. Changing the structure of atomizer can improve the performance of titanium alloy powder effectively, and the powder can be suitable for the additive manufacturing process.
In order to improve the performance of titanium alloy powder prepared by gas atomization method, and make it more suitable for the additive manufacturing process, the electrode induction melting inert gas atomization(EIGA) furnace which is developed and designed independently is used to prepare TC4 titanium alloy powder. The influence of convergence angle of atomizer on particles size and morphology of powder are mainly studied. Laser particle size analyzer, oxygen-nitrogen and hydrogen analyzer, hall flow meter, apparent density tester and industrial computed tomography(CT) are used to analyze the data of oxygen and nitrogen content, fluidity and the content of hollow powder. The selective laser melting machine is Concept Laser M2, which is used to research the printing process of TC4 powder, and the sample's mechanical properties of tensile is compared in different printing directions at room temperature. Microscopic structure of TC4 component by SLM is analyzed. It shows that when the convergence angle of atomizer is 25°, the yield of powder under 53 micron is highest, and the performance of powders is best. The performance of powder on Concept Laser M2 is good, and the test data of mechanical tensile can meet the facility request. Changing the structure of atomizer can improve the performance of titanium alloy powder effectively, and the powder can be suitable for the additive manufacturing process.
引文
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[21]夏敏,汪鹏,张晓虎,等.电极感应熔化气雾化制粉技术中非限制式喷嘴雾化过程模拟[J].物理学报,2018,67(17):41-51.XIA Min,WANG Peng,ZHANG Xiaohu,et al.Simulation of atomization process with non-limiting type nozzle on electrode indection melting atomization technology[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2018,67(17):41-51.
[2]KHANNA N,DAVIM J P.Design-of-experiments application in machining titanium alloys for aerospace structural components[J].Measurement,2015,61:280-290.
[3]刘全明,张朝晖,刘世锋,等.钛合金在航空航天及武器装备领域的应用与发展[J].钢铁研究学报,2015,27(3):1-4.LIU Quanming,ZHANG Zhaohui,LIU Shifeng,et al.Application and development of titanium alloy in aerospace and military hardware[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2015,27(3):1-4.
[4]杨佳,郭洪钢,谭建波.选择性激光熔化技术研究现状及发展趋势[J].河北工业科技,2017,34(4):300-305.YANG Jia,GUO Honggang,TAN Jianbo.Status and development trend of selective laser melting forming technology[J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2017,34(4):300-305.
[5]WILLIAM E F.Metal additive manufacturing:A review[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2014,23(6):1917-1928.
[6]SAMES W J,PANNALA S,DEHOFF R R,et al.The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing[J].International Materials Reviews,2016,61(5):315-360.
[7]ZHANG Laichang,ATTAR H.Selective laser melting of titanium alloys and titanium matrix composites for biomedical applications:A review[J].Advanced Engineering Materials,2016,18(4):463-475.
[8]DUTTA B,FROES F H S.The additive manufacturing(AM)of titanium alloys[J].Metal Powder Report,2017,72(2):96-106.
[9]KUMAR L J,NAIR C G K.Current trends of additive manufacturing in the aerospace industry[C]//Advances in 3DPrinting&Additive Manufacturing Technologies.Springer:Singapore,2017:39-54.
[10]SING S L,YEONG W Y,WIRIA F E.Selective laser melting of titanium alloy with 50%tantalum:Microstructure and mechanical properties[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2016,660:461-470.
[11]周洪强,陈志强.钛及钛合金粉末的制备现状[J].稀有金属快报,2005,24(12):11-16.ZHOU Hongqiang,CHEN Zhiqiang.The status of titanium and titanium alloy powders[J].Rare Metal Letters,2005,24(12):11-16.
[12]梁永仁,吴引江.3D打印用钛及钛合金球形粉末制备技术[J].世界有色金属,2016,12(6):150-156.LIANG Yongren,WU Yinjiang.Production technology of titanium and its alloy spherical powders used in 3Dprinting[J].World Nonferrous Metals,2016,12(6):150-156.
[13]SUN P,FANG Z Z,XIA Y,et al.A novel method for production of spherical Ti-6Al-4Vpowder for additive manufacturing[J].Powder Technology,2016,301:331-335.
[14]张学军,唐思熠,肇恒跃,等.3D打印技术研究现状和关键技术[J].材料工程,2016,44(2):122-128.ZHANG Xuejun,TANG Siyi,ZHAO Hengyue,et al.Research status and key technologies of 3D printing[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2016,44(2):122-128.
[15]HEYZOG D,SEYDA V,WYCISK E,et al.Additive manufacturing of metals[J].Acta Materialia,2016,117:371-392.
[16]SLOTWINSKI J A,GARBOCZI E J,STUTZMAN P E,et al.Characterization of metal powders used for additive manufacturing[J].Journal of Research of The National Institute of Standards and Technology,2014:460-493.
[17]MANI M,LANE B M,DONMEZ M A,et al.A review on measurement science needs for real-time control of additive manufacturing metal powder bed fusion processes[J].International Journal of Production Research,2017,55(5):1400-1418.
[18]KAKINUMA Y,MORI M,ODA Y,et al.Influence of metal powder characteristics on product quality with directed energy deposition of Inconel 625[J].CIRP Annals,2016,65(1):209-212.
[19]龙倩蕾,吴文恒,卢林,等.熔炼功率对EIGA制备Ti6Al4V合金粉末特性的影响[J].中国粉体技术,2018,24(4):49-54.LONG Qianlei,WU Wenheng,LU Lin,et al.Effect of power on properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder prepared by EIGAprocess[J].China Powder Science and Technology,2018,24(4):49-54.
[20]郭快快,刘常升,陈岁元,等.导管伸出长度对气雾化制备TC4粉末特性的影响[J].东北大学学报,2018,39(6):797-802.GUO Kuaikuai,LIU Changsheng,CHEN Suiyuan,et al.Effect of extension length of catheter on properties of TC4powder prepared by electrode induction melting gas atomization[J].Journal of Northeastern University,2018,39(6):797-802.
[21]夏敏,汪鹏,张晓虎,等.电极感应熔化气雾化制粉技术中非限制式喷嘴雾化过程模拟[J].物理学报,2018,67(17):41-51.XIA Min,WANG Peng,ZHANG Xiaohu,et al.Simulation of atomization process with non-limiting type nozzle on electrode indection melting atomization technology[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2018,67(17):41-51.