北京地区2种类型土壤优先流染色形态特征及其影响因素
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摘要
通过野外染色示踪试验结合室内图像解析技术,对北京地区2种类型土壤(淋溶褐土和潮土)进行了优先流染色形态特征及其影响因素研究。结果表明:(1)样地土壤用浓度为4g/L的亮蓝溶液27.3L染色后,淋溶褐土基质流深度均值为7.72cm,潮土为8.56cm,潮土优先流发生相对滞后;(2)淋溶褐土的优先流比、染色面积比、最大染色深度和长度指数均大于潮土,优先流现象更明显;(3)淋溶褐土优先路径集中区较多,侧向流较发达,且染色面积比和土壤深度相关性大于潮土,两者关系更密切;(4)2种类型土壤的土壤质地和土壤有机质与染色面积比显著相关(P<0.01),直径为1~3mm的根长密度也和染色面积比呈显著相关(P<0.05)。淋溶褐土优先流现象比潮土更明显,2种类型土壤对优先流染色特征影响较大的为土壤质地、土壤有机质和直径为1~3mm的根长密度。
The characteristics of preferential flow dyeing and the influencing factors of two soils(leached cinnamon soil and fluvo-aquic soil)in Beijing were studied through field dyeing and tracing combined with indoor image analysis.The results showed that:(1)After the soils were dyed with 27.3 Lof a brilliant blue solution with a concentration of 4 g/L,the average depth of matrix flow was 7.72 cm in the leached cinnamon soil and 8.56 cm in the fluvo-aquic soil,and the preferential flow in the latter relatively lagged.(2)The dyeing ratio,the maximum depth of dyeing and the length index in the leached cinnamon soil were greater than those in the fluvo-aquic soil,which meant the preferential flow phenomenon in the leached cinnamon soil was more obvious.(3)More concentrated preferential path areas and more developed lateral flow were existed in the leached cinnamon soil,also the correlation between dyeing ratio and soil depth in the leached cinnamon soil was more obvious than those of the fluvo-aquic soil.(4)Soil texture and soil organic matter were significantly correlated with the dyeing ratio(P<0.01)in two soils.The root length density of1~3 mm in diameter and dyeing ratio were significantly correlated(P <0.05).The preferential flow phenomenon in the leached cinnamon soil was more obvious than that of the fluvo-aquic soil.The soil texture,soil organic matter and the root length density of 1~3 mm in diameter were the major influencing factors for the characteristics of preferential flow dyeing in two soils.
The characteristics of preferential flow dyeing and the influencing factors of two soils(leached cinnamon soil and fluvo-aquic soil)in Beijing were studied through field dyeing and tracing combined with indoor image analysis.The results showed that:(1)After the soils were dyed with 27.3 Lof a brilliant blue solution with a concentration of 4 g/L,the average depth of matrix flow was 7.72 cm in the leached cinnamon soil and 8.56 cm in the fluvo-aquic soil,and the preferential flow in the latter relatively lagged.(2)The dyeing ratio,the maximum depth of dyeing and the length index in the leached cinnamon soil were greater than those in the fluvo-aquic soil,which meant the preferential flow phenomenon in the leached cinnamon soil was more obvious.(3)More concentrated preferential path areas and more developed lateral flow were existed in the leached cinnamon soil,also the correlation between dyeing ratio and soil depth in the leached cinnamon soil was more obvious than those of the fluvo-aquic soil.(4)Soil texture and soil organic matter were significantly correlated with the dyeing ratio(P<0.01)in two soils.The root length density of1~3 mm in diameter and dyeing ratio were significantly correlated(P <0.05).The preferential flow phenomenon in the leached cinnamon soil was more obvious than that of the fluvo-aquic soil.The soil texture,soil organic matter and the root length density of 1~3 mm in diameter were the major influencing factors for the characteristics of preferential flow dyeing in two soils.
引文
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[2]程金花,张洪江,史玉虎,等.长江三峡花岗岩地区优先流对渗流和地表径流的作用[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(2):18-23,42.
[3]肖自幸.鹫峰国家森林公园土壤水力参数和溶质运移研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[4]Zhang Y,Zhang X,Zhang Z,et al.Water flow and preferential flow:A State-of-the-Art throughout the literature.[EB/OL].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2017.[2017-12-10].https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-scidiscuss.net/hess-2017-210/.
[5]戴翠婷,刘窑军,王天巍,等.三峡库区高砾石含量紫色土优先流形态特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):103-108,115.
[6]王伟.三峡库区紫色砂岩林地土壤优先流特征及其形成机理[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.
[7]王发,付智勇,陈洪松,等.喀斯特洼地退耕和耕作土壤优先流特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):111-116.
[8]牛健植,余新晓,张志强.优先流研究现状及发展趋势[J].生态学报,2006,26(1):231-243.
[9]高朝侠,徐学选,赵娇娜,等.土壤大孔隙流研究现状与发展趋势[J].生态学报,2014,34(11):2801-2811.
[10]邵文伟.鹫峰国家森林公园优先流类型及影响因子研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.
[11]王彬俨.北京昌平区农地土壤优先路径特征及其对硝态氮运移的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[12]Shi Z,Xu L,Wang Y,et al.Effect of rock fragments on macropores and water effluent in a forest soil in the stony mountains of the Loess Plateau,China[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2012,11(39):9350-9361.
[13]Flury M,H Fluhler,W A Jury,et al.Susceptibility of soils to preferential flow of water-a field study[J].Water Resources Research,1994,30(7):1945-1954.
[14]吴庆华.基于土壤水入渗补给的优先流定量研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2013.
[15]Bargués Tobella A,Reese H,Almaw A,et al.The effect of trees on preferential flow and soil infiltrability in an agroforestry parkland in semiarid Burkina Faso[J].Water Resources Research,2014,30(7):3342-3354.
[16]Van Schaik N.Spatial variability of infiltration patterns related to site characteristics in a semi-arid watershed[J].Catena,2009,78:36-47.
[17]Aeby P,Forrer J,Steinmeier C,et al.Image analysis for determination of dye tracer concentrations in sand columns[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1997,61(1):33-35.
[18]牛健植.长江上游暗针叶林生态系统优先流机理研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2003.
[19]李伟莉,金昌杰,王安志,等.土壤大孔隙流研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(4):888-894.
[20]陈效民,黄德安,吴华山.太湖地区主要水稻土的大孔隙特征及其影响因素研究[J].土壤学报,2006,43(3):181-183.