黄土斜坡优先流促滑机理研究现状及展望
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摘要
[目的]对斜坡中因节理、裂隙、孔洞等优势通道的存在而发育的优先流所产生的促滑效应研究现状进行总结,以期引起学者重视优先流理论在斜坡地质灾害研究中的应用,为准确开展滑坡预测预警提供科学依据。[方法]从优先流的定义与类型出发,分析了优先流的众多影响因素,重点综述和评价了优先流对斜坡稳定性的影响、斜坡优先流探测技术以及稳定性评价模型方面的研究现状,总结了黄土斜坡优先流促滑致灾的4个发展阶段,并以典型滑坡作为实证,最后分析了优先流促滑作用机理研究中存在的问题。[结果]黄土斜坡优势渗流通道中普遍发育的优先流是有限降雨影响深度条件下斜坡失稳的合理解释,然而,优先流在滑坡致灾规律理论及应用上仍需更多实践检验。[结论]斜坡优先流是斜坡水文学、非饱和土力学、地质灾害学等相关学科方面一项重要的理论,多年来已取得不少成果,今后还需继续深入开展黄土斜坡优先流促滑效应研究,加强多学科交叉和新技术应用,来提高地质灾害科学预测与防治水平。
[Objective]Summary and review of the research status on the preferential flow-induced sliding effects developed by the existence of dominant channels such as joints,fissures and holes in the slope were conducted,in order to draw the attention of scholars to the application of preferential flow theory in the study of slope geological hazards and provide scientific basis for accurate forecasting and early warning of landslides.[Methods]According to the definition and types of preferential flow,the influential factors of preferential flow were analyzed,and the current status of the influence of preferential flow on slope stability,the preferential flow detection technology and the stability evaluation model of slope were reviewed and evaluated emphatically.The developing process of preferential flow-induced landslide effect on loess slope was summarized as four stages,and the typical landslides were taken as examples.Finally,the issues of the preferential flow-induced sliding mechanism were clarified.[Results]The preferential flow widely developed in the dominant seepage channels of the loess slope is a reasonable explanation for slope instability under the condition of limited rainfall depth.However,the theory and application of preferential flow in landslide hazards prediction still need more practical tests.[Conclusion]Slope preferential flow is an important theory in hillslope hydrology,unsaturated soil mechanics,geo-hazards science and other related disciplines.Many achievements have been made over the years.In the future,it is necessary to further study the effect of preferential flow-induced sliding on loess slopes,and strengthen the application of multidisciplinary and new technologies to improve the level on scientific prediction and prevention of geo-hazards.
[Objective]Summary and review of the research status on the preferential flow-induced sliding effects developed by the existence of dominant channels such as joints,fissures and holes in the slope were conducted,in order to draw the attention of scholars to the application of preferential flow theory in the study of slope geological hazards and provide scientific basis for accurate forecasting and early warning of landslides.[Methods]According to the definition and types of preferential flow,the influential factors of preferential flow were analyzed,and the current status of the influence of preferential flow on slope stability,the preferential flow detection technology and the stability evaluation model of slope were reviewed and evaluated emphatically.The developing process of preferential flow-induced landslide effect on loess slope was summarized as four stages,and the typical landslides were taken as examples.Finally,the issues of the preferential flow-induced sliding mechanism were clarified.[Results]The preferential flow widely developed in the dominant seepage channels of the loess slope is a reasonable explanation for slope instability under the condition of limited rainfall depth.However,the theory and application of preferential flow in landslide hazards prediction still need more practical tests.[Conclusion]Slope preferential flow is an important theory in hillslope hydrology,unsaturated soil mechanics,geo-hazards science and other related disciplines.Many achievements have been made over the years.In the future,it is necessary to further study the effect of preferential flow-induced sliding on loess slopes,and strengthen the application of multidisciplinary and new technologies to improve the level on scientific prediction and prevention of geo-hazards.
引文
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[2]潘网生.黄土优先流渗流特性及斜坡优势滑动面研究[D].西安:长安大学,2015.
[3]同霄.黄土优势渗流及滑坡成灾过程研究[D].西安:长安大学,2017.
[4]张珊珊.黄土斜坡优势通道及优势入渗规律[D].北京:中国地质大学,2018.
[5]杜光波,倪万魁.降雨条件下黄土斜坡的入渗特征分析[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(4):1387-1391.
[6]Chen Guan,Meng Xingmin,Qiao Liang,et al.Response of a loess landslide to rainfall:Observations from a field artificial rainfall experiment in Bailong River Basin,China[J].Landslides,2017,15(1/2):1-17.
[7]同霄,彭建兵,朱兴华,等.黄土地区降雨的优势入渗深度[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(3):231-236.
[8]彭建兵,林鸿州,王启耀,等.黄土地质灾害研究中的关键问题与创新思路[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(4):684-691.
[9]Zhang Yinghu,Zhang Mingxiang,Niu Jianzhi,et al.The preferential flow of soil:A widespread phenomenon in pedological perspectives[J].Eurasian Soil Science,2016,49(6):661-672.
[10]Guo Li,Lin Henry.Addressing two bottlenecks to advance the understanding of preferential flow in soils[J].Advances in Agronomy,2018,147:61-117.
[11]盛丰,张利勇,吴丹.土壤优先流模型理论与观测技术的研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(6):1-10.
[12]史文娟,汪志荣,沈冰,等.非饱和土壤中指流的研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2004,32(7):128-132.
[13]张建丰,林性粹,王文焰.黄土的大孔隙特征和大孔隙流研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(4):168-171.
[14]Shao Wei,Bogaard T,Bakker M,et al.The influence of preferential flow on pressure propagation and landslide triggering of the Rocca Pitigliana landslide[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,543(B):360-372.
[15]潘网生,胡向红,卢玉东,等.黄土孔隙、裂隙及其优先流研究进展[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(8):163-169.
[16]Woerden J.The role of fissures in the hydrology and stability of the Hollin Hill landslide[D].Utrecht,The Netherlands:Utrecht University,2014.
[17]马佳.裂土优势流与边坡稳定性分析方法[D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2007.
[18]Uchida T,Kosugi K,Mizuyama T.Effects of pipeflow on hydrological process and its relation to landslide:A review of pipeflow studies in forested headwater catchments[J].Hydrological Processes,2001,15(11):2151-2174.
[19]卜囡,尚松浩,毛晓敏,等.层状土入渗试验中指流发育的分形特征及入渗规律[J].水动力学研究与进展,2012,27(2):183-190.
[20]李贺丽.指流特性及其影响因素的实验研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2007.
[21]王新刚,余宏明,胡斌,等.节理控制的降雨入渗通道对黄土开挖边坡稳定性的影响[J].山地学报,2013,31(4):413-417.
[22]Shao Wei,Ni Junjun,Leung A K,et al.Analysis of plant root-induced preferential flow and pore water pressure variation by a dual-permeability model[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2017,54(11):1537-1552.
[23]Kukemilks K,Wagner J F,Saks T,et al.Conceptualization of preferential flow for hillslope stability assessment[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2018,26(2):439-450.
[24]彭建兵,李喜安,范文,等.黄土高原地区黄土洞穴的分类及发育规律[J].地学前缘,2007,14(6):234-244.
[25]胡广韬.关中西部黄土层的幔覆构造[J].中国第四纪研究,1965,4(2):85-92.
[26]吴庆华,朱国胜,崔皓东,等.降雨强度对优先流特征的影响及其数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):118-127.
[27]王景明,陈树强.陕西泾阳地裂缝灾害及其成因分析[J].水土保持学报,1989,3(1):31-37.
[28]高朝侠,徐学选,宇苗子,等.黄土塬区土地利用方式对土壤大孔隙特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(6):1578-1584.
[29]程方奎.煤矿开采塌陷区土壤裂隙优先流对地表水土流失控制作用模拟研究[D].安徽淮南:安徽理工大学,2016.
[30]Shao Wei.Numerical modeling of the effect of preferential flow on hillslope hydrology and slope stability[D].Stevinweg,Delft,The Netherlands:Delft University of Technology,2017.
[31]Schaik N L M B V,Schnabel S,Jetten V.G.The influence of preferential flow on hillslope hydrology in a semi-arid watershed(in the Spanish Dehesas)[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,22(18):3844-3855.
[32]Weiler M,Mcdonnell J J.Conceptualizing lateral preferential flow and flow networks and simulating the effects on gauged and ungauged hillslopes[J].Water Resources Research,2007,43(3):223-224.
[33]Galeandro A,Doglioni A,Simeone V,et al.Analysis of infiltration processes into fractured and swelling soils as triggering factors of landslides[J].Environmental earth sciences,2014,71(6):2911-2923.
[34]Krzeminska D M,Bogaard T A,Malet J P,et al.Amodel of hydrological and mechanical feedbacks of preferential fissure flow in a slow-moving landslide[J].Hydrology&Earth System Sciences,2013,17(3):947-959.
[35]李玉锋,马强,李显平.降雨诱发碎石土斜坡优先流机理研究[J].水电能源科学,2009,27(6):56-59.
[36]Van Asch T W J,Hendriks M R,Hessel R,et al.Hydrological triggering conditions of landslides in varved clays in the French Alps[J].Engineering Geology,1996,42(4):239-251.
[37]Grégory B,Jongmans D,Winiarski T,et al.Application of geophysical measurements for assessing the role of fissures in water infiltration within a clay landslide(Trièves area,French Alps)[J].Hydrological Processes,2012,26(14):2128-2142.
[38]Hencher S R.Preferential flow paths through soil and rock and their association with landslides[J].Hydrological Processes,2010,24(12):1610-1630.
[39]Yang Zongji,Qiao Jianping,Uchimura T,et al.Unsaturated hydro-mechanical behaviour of rainfall-induced mass remobilization in post-earthquake landslides[J].Engineering Geology,2017,222:102-110.
[40]曾磊.优势渗流通道对黄土斜坡稳定性影响研究:以陕北芦草台滑坡为例[D].西安:长安大学,2011.
[41]Ghestem M,Sidle R C,Stokes A.The influence of plant root systems on subsurface flow:Implications for slope stability[J].BioScience,2011,61(11):869-879.
[42]潘网生,卢玉东.黄陵县印台山边坡稳定性分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2015,13(5):946-952.
[43]潘网生,许玉凤,卢玉东,等.基于非均匀性和分形维数的黄土优先流特征定量分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(3):140-147.
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