太极拳“白鹤亮翅”身体形态研究
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摘要
运用文献资料法、图片解析法、专家访谈法等研究方法对太极拳"白鹤亮翅"的身体形态用现代的科学思维和方法对太极拳的相关典型的动作加以深刻的数据分析和应证性的研究,以期丰富太极拳教学实践理论,提供可靠的数据支持。研究认为:(1)左臂展开的角度范围保持在143度到160度之间,也就是传统的和现在的架势中左侧手臂的变化角度不是很大,在接近180度的状态下体现出似直非直的内在张力;(2)传统的白鹤亮翅的右臂肘角依然接近180度,依然控制在150度到170度的临近范围,体现了传统太极拳中"非圆即弧""处处是弧形"的特点,而现在的形态表现右臂的肘角更加接近90度;(3)左侧膝角的角度大约保持在145度到160度之间,承重腿膝角在120度到130度,这个值接近太极拳虚步类动作虚步支撑腿膝角度的平均值和承重腿的平均值,实步承重腿呈现的角度小于虚步支撑腿呈现的角度,现在的前、后稳定角均有所变大,说明身体重心相对来讲更低,稳定性更强一些;(4)"白鹤亮翅"身体躯干的倾斜角约为8度左右,在视觉上几户接近垂直地面的状态,但是并非真的垂直,现在的身体倾斜角几乎是接近90度的状态,身体的纵轴与竖直方向上的夹角仅仅1度左右,这就是我们现在所认为的身体中正的表象。
By using the methods of documentation, picture analysis and expert interview, the body shape of "White Crane Showing Wings" in Taijiquan is deeply analyzed and corroborated with modern scientific thinking and methods, so as to enrich the theory of Taijiquan teaching practice and provide reliable data support. It is concluded that:(1) the angle range of left arm deployment is between143 and 160 degrees, that is to say, the change angle of left arm in traditional and present posture is not very large, which reflects the internal tension of straight and straight in the state of approaching 180 degrees;(2) the elbow angle of the right arm of the traditional white crane's bright wings is still close to 180 degrees, still controlled in the approaching range of 150 degrees to 170 degrees. Traditional Taijiquan has the characteristics of "non-circle is arc" and "arc everywhere", but the present form shows that the elbow angle of the right arm is closer to 90 degrees;(3) the angle of the left knee angle is between 145 degrees and 160 degrees, and the angle of the bearing leg knee is between 120 degrees and 130 degrees, which is close to the average value of the virtual foot supporting leg knee angle and the average value of the bearing leg in the virtual foot action of Taijiquan. The angle of heavy leg is smaller than that of virtual foot support leg, and now the front and rear stabilization angles have become larger, indicating that the body center of gravity is relatively lower and the stability is stronger;(4) The tilt angle of the trunk of "White Crane Bright Wing" body is about 8 degrees, which is close to the vertical ground visually, but not really vertical, and now the body tilt angle is almost connected. In the state of nearly 90 degrees,the angle between the vertical axis and the vertical direction of the body is only about 1 degree, which is what we now think the body is in the right position.
By using the methods of documentation, picture analysis and expert interview, the body shape of "White Crane Showing Wings" in Taijiquan is deeply analyzed and corroborated with modern scientific thinking and methods, so as to enrich the theory of Taijiquan teaching practice and provide reliable data support. It is concluded that:(1) the angle range of left arm deployment is between143 and 160 degrees, that is to say, the change angle of left arm in traditional and present posture is not very large, which reflects the internal tension of straight and straight in the state of approaching 180 degrees;(2) the elbow angle of the right arm of the traditional white crane's bright wings is still close to 180 degrees, still controlled in the approaching range of 150 degrees to 170 degrees. Traditional Taijiquan has the characteristics of "non-circle is arc" and "arc everywhere", but the present form shows that the elbow angle of the right arm is closer to 90 degrees;(3) the angle of the left knee angle is between 145 degrees and 160 degrees, and the angle of the bearing leg knee is between 120 degrees and 130 degrees, which is close to the average value of the virtual foot supporting leg knee angle and the average value of the bearing leg in the virtual foot action of Taijiquan. The angle of heavy leg is smaller than that of virtual foot support leg, and now the front and rear stabilization angles have become larger, indicating that the body center of gravity is relatively lower and the stability is stronger;(4) The tilt angle of the trunk of "White Crane Bright Wing" body is about 8 degrees, which is close to the vertical ground visually, but not really vertical, and now the body tilt angle is almost connected. In the state of nearly 90 degrees,the angle between the vertical axis and the vertical direction of the body is only about 1 degree, which is what we now think the body is in the right position.
引文
[1]王军.太极拳运动员身体素质评分表的研制[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2017.
[2]赵刚,陈民盛,庄礼,等.太极拳运动对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者身体形态、血脂与胰岛素抵抗的干预效果分析[J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版),2017(01):1—7.
[3]柴云龙.男子优秀竞技太极拳运动员的身体形态研究[J].运动,2014(13):63—65.
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[5]赵玉龙.我国优秀长拳太极拳运动员身体形态和素质简易评价模型的建立[D].北京:北京体育大学,2009.
[6]李志雄,梁京红,黄炫丹.太极拳锻炼对农村老年妇女身体形态的影响[J].广州体育学院学报,2010(05):99—103.
[2]赵刚,陈民盛,庄礼,等.太极拳运动对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者身体形态、血脂与胰岛素抵抗的干预效果分析[J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版),2017(01):1—7.
[3]柴云龙.男子优秀竞技太极拳运动员的身体形态研究[J].运动,2014(13):63—65.
[4]董世彪.我国优秀太极拳运动员身体形态评价模型研究[J].许昌学院学报,2012(02):57—63.
[5]赵玉龙.我国优秀长拳太极拳运动员身体形态和素质简易评价模型的建立[D].北京:北京体育大学,2009.
[6]李志雄,梁京红,黄炫丹.太极拳锻炼对农村老年妇女身体形态的影响[J].广州体育学院学报,2010(05):99—103.