南芬露天矿绿泥角闪岩吸水及强度软化规律
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摘要
研究表明降雨是诱发矿山边坡失稳变形破坏的重要因素,主要通过降低潜在滑动面(带)岩体强度诱发滑坡。国内外学者对南芬露天铁矿下盘滑坡机理和稳定性评价开展了大量研究,取得了丰富的研究成果。然而,所有研究成果证明该边坡潜在滑动面(带)岩体吸水性较弱,水通过何种途径影响边坡稳定性机理不清晰。采用自主研发的"软岩气态水吸附智能测试系统",对潜在滑动面(带)上分布的绿泥角闪岩进行吸水软化实验,揭示岩石的吸水特性及吸水后的强度衰减规律;运用Image-Pro Plus专业图像处理技术,分析其SEM微观图像;结合绿泥角闪岩的压汞实验结果,揭示其微观孔隙结构特征与岩石吸水特性之间的相互关系。分析结果表明:(1)绿泥角闪岩吸水特性是一个在短时间内快速上升而后下降达到均匀饱和的过程;(2)影响绿泥角闪岩吸水特性的主要因素是岩石样品的孔隙结构特征而非黏土矿物含量;(3)岩石的孔隙累计体积与其吸水特性之间存在正相关关系;(4)集中分布的孔隙直径越小,占据的比例越大,则岩石的吸水能力越差;(5)绿泥角闪岩的吸水率与单轴压缩强度以及弹性模量呈负相关关系。上述研究结果可为南芬露天矿降雨诱发顺层石质滑坡的防治提供理论依据。
Rainfall is an important factor to induce the instability and deformation of pit slope,mainly through the reduction of potential sliding surface(band) rock mass intensity to induce landslides. A large number of studies have been carried out on the mechanism and stability evaluation of bedding landslide along the footwall of Nanfen open-pit iron mine stope,and a lot of achievements have been obtained.However,all the research results show that the potential sliding surface(rock) of the slope is weak in water absorption,and the mechanism of the slope stability affected by water is not clear.In this paper,firstly,the experiment of water absorption and softening of chlorite amphibolite on thepotential sliding surface(band) is carried out by using a self-developed"intelligent testing system for vapor water absorption of soft rock",to reveal the characteristics of water absorption and the change of strength attenuation after absorbing water; then,using Image-pro Plus professional image processing technology,the SEM image is analyzed; finally,the relationship between the micro-pore structure characteristics and the characteristics of water absorption is revealed.The results show that(1) The water absorption of chlorite amphibolite increases rapidly in a short time and then decreases to uniform saturation;(2) The main factors affecting the water absorption characteristics of chlorite amphibolite are the pore structure characteristics rather than the content of clay minerals;(3) There is a positive correlation between the pore accumulative volume(total pore volume) and water absorption characteristics;(4) The smaller the pore diameter of the concentration distribution,the greater the proportion occupied,the worse the water absorption capacity of the rock is;(5) The water absorption rate of chlorite amphibolite is negatively correlated with uniaxial compression strength and elastic modulus.The above results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of landslide induced by rainfall in Nanfen Open-pit mine.
Rainfall is an important factor to induce the instability and deformation of pit slope,mainly through the reduction of potential sliding surface(band) rock mass intensity to induce landslides. A large number of studies have been carried out on the mechanism and stability evaluation of bedding landslide along the footwall of Nanfen open-pit iron mine stope,and a lot of achievements have been obtained.However,all the research results show that the potential sliding surface(rock) of the slope is weak in water absorption,and the mechanism of the slope stability affected by water is not clear.In this paper,firstly,the experiment of water absorption and softening of chlorite amphibolite on thepotential sliding surface(band) is carried out by using a self-developed"intelligent testing system for vapor water absorption of soft rock",to reveal the characteristics of water absorption and the change of strength attenuation after absorbing water; then,using Image-pro Plus professional image processing technology,the SEM image is analyzed; finally,the relationship between the micro-pore structure characteristics and the characteristics of water absorption is revealed.The results show that(1) The water absorption of chlorite amphibolite increases rapidly in a short time and then decreases to uniform saturation;(2) The main factors affecting the water absorption characteristics of chlorite amphibolite are the pore structure characteristics rather than the content of clay minerals;(3) There is a positive correlation between the pore accumulative volume(total pore volume) and water absorption characteristics;(4) The smaller the pore diameter of the concentration distribution,the greater the proportion occupied,the worse the water absorption capacity of the rock is;(5) The water absorption rate of chlorite amphibolite is negatively correlated with uniaxial compression strength and elastic modulus.The above results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of landslide induced by rainfall in Nanfen Open-pit mine.
引文
[1]杨晓杰,侯定贵,郝振立,等.南芬露天铁矿高陡边坡失稳与降雨相关性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(S1):3232-3240.YANG Xiaojie,HOU Dinggui,HAO Zhenli,et al.Research on correlations between slope stability and rainfall of high steep slope on Nanfen open-pit iron ore[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(S1):3232-3240.
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[7]刘新荣,傅晏,王永新,等.水-岩相互作用对库岸边坡稳定的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(3):613-616.LIU Xinrong,FU Yan,WANG Yongxin,et al. Stability of reservoir bank slope under water-rock interaction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(3):613-616.
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[10]杨春和,冒海军,王学潮,等.板岩遇水软化的微观结构及力学特性研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(12):2090-2098.YANG Chunhe,MAO Haijun,WANG Xuechao,et al.Study on variation of microstructure and mechanical properties of water-weakening slates[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(12):2090-2098.
[11] HE M C,ZHANG N. Experimental study on water absorption and strength degradation effect of shale at great depth[J].Disaster Advances,2014,7(3):28-36.
[12] ZHANG N,HE M,LIU P.Water vapor sorption and its mechanical effect on clay-bearing conglomerate selected from China[J]. Engineering Geology,2012,141-142(4):1-8.
[13]何满潮,周莉,李德建,等.深井泥岩吸水特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1113-1120.HE Manchao,ZHOU Li,LI Dejian,et al. Experimental research on hydrophilic characteristics of mudstone in deep well[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1113-1120.
[14]郭琳.环境试验中凝露问题浅析[J].电子产品可靠性与环境试验,2009,27(S1):263-265.GUO Lin.Analysis of gel problems in environmental test[J].Reliability and Environmental Testing of Electronic Products,2009,27(S1):263-265.
[15]吴雪冰,刘欣,李帅.室外密封箱体内部凝露现象分析[J].电子质量,2013(7):24-27.WU Xuebing,LIU Xin,LI Shuai. The outdoor sealed box internal condensation phenomenon analysis[J]. Electronic Quality,2013(7):24-27.
[16]刘建戈.空气相对湿度及凝露对中置式开关柜的影响及对策[J].电工技术,2016(2):26-28.LIU Jiange. The influence of air relative humidity and dew on the central switch cabinet[J].Electrical Engineering,2016(2):26-28.
[17]赵杏媛,张有瑜.粘土矿物与粘土矿物分析[M].北京:海洋出版社,1990.
[18]秦积舜,李爱芬.油层物理学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2003.
[2]孙殿兴,陶志刚,范立军,等.南芬露天铁矿边坡稳定性评价及敏感性分析[J].金属矿山,2011,40(5):57-60.SUN Dianxing,TAO Zhigang,FAN Lijun,et al. Stability assessment and sensitivity analysis of slope at Nanfen Open-pit Iron Mine[J].Metal Mine,2011,40(5):57-60.
[3]王俊,黄润秋,聂闻,等.基于无限边坡算法的降雨型滑坡预警系统的模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(12):3503-3510.WANG Jun,HUANG Runqiu,NIE Wen,et al.Experimental study of early warning system model of landslide induced by rainfall based on infinite slope method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(12):3503-3510.
[4] RAHARDJO H,LIX W,TOLL D G,et al.The effect of antecedent rainfall on slope stability[J].Geotech Geol Eng,2001,19:371-399.
[5]何玉琼,徐则民,张勇,等.斜坡失稳的降雨阈值模型及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(7):1484-1490.HE Yuqiong,XU Zemin,ZHANG Yong,et al. Rainfall threshold model of rainfall-induced slope instability and its application[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(7):1484-1490.
[6]高华喜,殷坤龙.降雨与滑坡灾害相关性分析及预警预报阀值之探讨[J].岩土力学,2007,28(5):1055-1060.GAO Huaxi,YIN Kunlong.Discuss on the correlations between landslides and rainfall and threshold for landslide early-warning and prediction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(5):1055-1060.
[7]刘新荣,傅晏,王永新,等.水-岩相互作用对库岸边坡稳定的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(3):613-616.LIU Xinrong,FU Yan,WANG Yongxin,et al. Stability of reservoir bank slope under water-rock interaction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(3):613-616.
[8] YILMAZ I. Influence of water content on the strength and deformability of gypsum[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2010,47(2):342-347.
[9] VSRHELYI B,VN P.Influence of water content on the strength of rock[J].Engineering Geology,2006,84(1-2):70-74.
[10]杨春和,冒海军,王学潮,等.板岩遇水软化的微观结构及力学特性研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(12):2090-2098.YANG Chunhe,MAO Haijun,WANG Xuechao,et al.Study on variation of microstructure and mechanical properties of water-weakening slates[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(12):2090-2098.
[11] HE M C,ZHANG N. Experimental study on water absorption and strength degradation effect of shale at great depth[J].Disaster Advances,2014,7(3):28-36.
[12] ZHANG N,HE M,LIU P.Water vapor sorption and its mechanical effect on clay-bearing conglomerate selected from China[J]. Engineering Geology,2012,141-142(4):1-8.
[13]何满潮,周莉,李德建,等.深井泥岩吸水特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1113-1120.HE Manchao,ZHOU Li,LI Dejian,et al. Experimental research on hydrophilic characteristics of mudstone in deep well[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1113-1120.
[14]郭琳.环境试验中凝露问题浅析[J].电子产品可靠性与环境试验,2009,27(S1):263-265.GUO Lin.Analysis of gel problems in environmental test[J].Reliability and Environmental Testing of Electronic Products,2009,27(S1):263-265.
[15]吴雪冰,刘欣,李帅.室外密封箱体内部凝露现象分析[J].电子质量,2013(7):24-27.WU Xuebing,LIU Xin,LI Shuai. The outdoor sealed box internal condensation phenomenon analysis[J]. Electronic Quality,2013(7):24-27.
[16]刘建戈.空气相对湿度及凝露对中置式开关柜的影响及对策[J].电工技术,2016(2):26-28.LIU Jiange. The influence of air relative humidity and dew on the central switch cabinet[J].Electrical Engineering,2016(2):26-28.
[17]赵杏媛,张有瑜.粘土矿物与粘土矿物分析[M].北京:海洋出版社,1990.
[18]秦积舜,李爱芬.油层物理学[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2003.