2013—2017年京津冀区域PM_(2.5)浓度变化特征
|
摘要
利用2013—2017年京津冀区域13个城市PM_(2.5)监测数据,综合探讨了该区域PM_(2.5)浓度的时空变化特征。结果表明:京津冀区域PM_(2.5)污染整体较重,但治理成效显著,2013—2017年区域PM_(2.5)年均质量浓度分别为106、93、77、71、64μg/m~3,完成《大气污染防治行动计划》PM_(2.5)浓度下降25%左右的目标;13个城市PM_(2.5)浓度各百分位数总体呈现下降趋势,且随百分位数增大而下降速率加大,PM_(2.5)年均质量浓度平均每年下降10.6μg/m~3,污染严重的太行山沿线城市邢台、石家庄、邯郸3个城市平均每年分别下降20.3、16.1、13.9μg/m~3;京津冀区域PM_(2.5)重度污染天数比例分别为19.9%、16.6%、9.5%、9.0%、7.0%,呈下降趋势。2013—2017年京津冀区域PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度与非重度污染天相比升高19μg/m~3,PM_(2.5)重度污染天平均质量浓度较非重度污染天时高244.4%。
Based on the PM_(2.5) monitoring data from 13 cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2013-2017,comprehensive analysis on temporal and spatial characteristics and variation trend of PM_(2.5) concentration were carried out. Results showed that there was a relatively high PM_(2.5) pollution in this region but remarkable success in pollution control was achieved. The regional annual mean PM_(2.5) concentration from 2013 to 2017 was 106,93,77,71 and 64 μg/m~3,which means that we had completed the goal of reducing PM_(2.5) concentration by 25%. The overall decline trends were shown in the regional daily mean concentration of every decile,with greater drops for higher decile. The annual mean PM_(2.5) concentration reduced about 10.6 μg/m~3every year,and Xingtai,Shijiazhuang and Handan that are the serious pollution cities along Taihang Mountain annually decreased about 20.3, 16.1 and 13.9 μg/m~3, respectively. Ratio of heavily PM_(2.5) polluted days in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was 19.9%, 16.6%, 9.5%, 9.0% and 7.0%, which showed a decline trend. The average PM_(2.5) concentration during the past 5 years increased by 19 μg/m~3 when heavily polluted days were included, and the PM_(2.5) concentration in severe polluted days was 244.4% higher than that of non PM_(2.5) heavy polluted days.
Based on the PM_(2.5) monitoring data from 13 cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2013-2017,comprehensive analysis on temporal and spatial characteristics and variation trend of PM_(2.5) concentration were carried out. Results showed that there was a relatively high PM_(2.5) pollution in this region but remarkable success in pollution control was achieved. The regional annual mean PM_(2.5) concentration from 2013 to 2017 was 106,93,77,71 and 64 μg/m~3,which means that we had completed the goal of reducing PM_(2.5) concentration by 25%. The overall decline trends were shown in the regional daily mean concentration of every decile,with greater drops for higher decile. The annual mean PM_(2.5) concentration reduced about 10.6 μg/m~3every year,and Xingtai,Shijiazhuang and Handan that are the serious pollution cities along Taihang Mountain annually decreased about 20.3, 16.1 and 13.9 μg/m~3, respectively. Ratio of heavily PM_(2.5) polluted days in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was 19.9%, 16.6%, 9.5%, 9.0% and 7.0%, which showed a decline trend. The average PM_(2.5) concentration during the past 5 years increased by 19 μg/m~3 when heavily polluted days were included, and the PM_(2.5) concentration in severe polluted days was 244.4% higher than that of non PM_(2.5) heavy polluted days.
引文
[1] 高庆先,李亮,马占云,等.2013—2016 年天气形势对北京秋季空气重污染过程的影响[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(2):173-183.GAO Qingxian,LI Liang,MA Zhanyun,et al.The Impacts of Synoptic Situation on Heavy Pollution Process in Autumn in Beijing during 2013-2016[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(2):173-183.
[2] 张殷俊,陈曦,谢高地,等.中国细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染状况和空间分布[J].资源环境,2015,37(7):1 339-1 346.ZHANG Yinjun,CHEN Xi,XIE Gaodi,et al.Pollution Status and Spatial Distribution of PM2.5 in China[J].Resource Science,2015,37(7):1 339-1 346.
[3] 吴兑,刘啟汉,梁延刚,等. 粤港细粒子(PM2.5)污染导致能见度下降与灰霾天气形成的研究[J]. 环境科学学报,2012,32(11):2 660-2 669.WU Dui,Alexis Kai-Hon Lau,LEUNG Yinkong,et al.Hazy Weather Formation and Visibility Deterioration Resulted from Fine Particulate (PM2.5) Pollutions in Guangdong and Hong Kong[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(11):2 660-2 669.
[4] 宋宇,唐孝炎,方晨,等. 北京市能见度下降与颗粒物污染的关系[J]. 环境科学学报,2003,23(4):468-471.SONG Yu,TANG Xiaoyan,FANG Chen,et al.Relationship between the Visibility Degradation and Particle Pollution in Beijing[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2003,23(4):468-471.
[5] 余予,孟晓艳,张欣.1980—2011年北京城区能见度变化趋势及突变分析[J]. 环境科学研究,2013,26(2):129-136.YU Yu,MENG Xiaoyan,ZHANG Xin.Trends and Abruption Analysis on the Visibility in the Urban Area of Beijing City during 1980-2011[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(2):129-136.
[6] 环境保护部科技标准司.环境空气质量标准:GB 3095—2012[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[7] 中国环境监测总站.74城市空气质量状况报告[R/OL].[2013-02-07].http://www.cnemc.cn/publish/totalWebSite/0666/newList_1.html.
[8] 李珊珊,程念亮,徐峻,等.2014年京津冀区域PM2.5 浓度时空分布及其来源模拟[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(10):2 908-2 916.LI Shanshan,CHENG Nianliang,XU Jun,et al.Spatial and Temporal Distrubions and Source Simulation of PM2.5 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in 2014. China Environmental Science,2015,35(10):2 908-2 916.
[9] 孟露露,单春艳,白志鹏,等.中国城市PM2.5空气质量改善分阶段目标研究[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(2):1-10.MENG Lulu,SHAN Chunyan,BAI Zhipeng,et al.Phased-in Targets of PM2.5 Air Quality Improvement in Chinese Cities[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(2):1-10.
[10] 李铭煊,秦玮,杭怡春,等.北京昌平某地冬季大气PM2.5元素污染特征分析[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(3):58-63.LI Mingxuan,QIN Wei,HANG Yichun,et al.Study on the Pollution Characteristics of Particulate Matter based on the Characteristic Elements in Changping of Beijing[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(3):58-63.
[11] 王宏,陈晓秋,余永江,等.福州市PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10分布特征及与气象条件关系的初步分析[J]. 热带气象学报,2014,30(2):387-391.WANG Hong,CHEN Xiaoqiu,YU Yongjiang,et al.Preliminary Analyses on Distribution Characteristics of PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10 and Its Relationship with Meteorological Conditions in Fuzhou[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2014,30(2):387-391.
[12] 高愈霄,霍晓芹,闫慧,等,京津冀区域大气重污染过程特征初步分析[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(6):26-35.GAO Yuxiao,HUO Xiaoqin,YAN Hui,et al.Preliminary Analysis on the Characteristics of Heavy Air Pollution Events in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(6):26-35.
[13] 国家环境保护总局科技标准司.环境空气质量自动监测技术规范:HJ/T 193—2005[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005.
[14] 国家环境保护部科技标准司.环境空气质量评价技术规范(试行):HJ 663—2013[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2013.
[15] 国家环境保护部科技标准司.环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定(试行):HJ 633—2012[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[2] 张殷俊,陈曦,谢高地,等.中国细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染状况和空间分布[J].资源环境,2015,37(7):1 339-1 346.ZHANG Yinjun,CHEN Xi,XIE Gaodi,et al.Pollution Status and Spatial Distribution of PM2.5 in China[J].Resource Science,2015,37(7):1 339-1 346.
[3] 吴兑,刘啟汉,梁延刚,等. 粤港细粒子(PM2.5)污染导致能见度下降与灰霾天气形成的研究[J]. 环境科学学报,2012,32(11):2 660-2 669.WU Dui,Alexis Kai-Hon Lau,LEUNG Yinkong,et al.Hazy Weather Formation and Visibility Deterioration Resulted from Fine Particulate (PM2.5) Pollutions in Guangdong and Hong Kong[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(11):2 660-2 669.
[4] 宋宇,唐孝炎,方晨,等. 北京市能见度下降与颗粒物污染的关系[J]. 环境科学学报,2003,23(4):468-471.SONG Yu,TANG Xiaoyan,FANG Chen,et al.Relationship between the Visibility Degradation and Particle Pollution in Beijing[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2003,23(4):468-471.
[5] 余予,孟晓艳,张欣.1980—2011年北京城区能见度变化趋势及突变分析[J]. 环境科学研究,2013,26(2):129-136.YU Yu,MENG Xiaoyan,ZHANG Xin.Trends and Abruption Analysis on the Visibility in the Urban Area of Beijing City during 1980-2011[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(2):129-136.
[6] 环境保护部科技标准司.环境空气质量标准:GB 3095—2012[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.
[7] 中国环境监测总站.74城市空气质量状况报告[R/OL].[2013-02-07].http://www.cnemc.cn/publish/totalWebSite/0666/newList_1.html.
[8] 李珊珊,程念亮,徐峻,等.2014年京津冀区域PM2.5 浓度时空分布及其来源模拟[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(10):2 908-2 916.LI Shanshan,CHENG Nianliang,XU Jun,et al.Spatial and Temporal Distrubions and Source Simulation of PM2.5 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in 2014. China Environmental Science,2015,35(10):2 908-2 916.
[9] 孟露露,单春艳,白志鹏,等.中国城市PM2.5空气质量改善分阶段目标研究[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(2):1-10.MENG Lulu,SHAN Chunyan,BAI Zhipeng,et al.Phased-in Targets of PM2.5 Air Quality Improvement in Chinese Cities[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(2):1-10.
[10] 李铭煊,秦玮,杭怡春,等.北京昌平某地冬季大气PM2.5元素污染特征分析[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(3):58-63.LI Mingxuan,QIN Wei,HANG Yichun,et al.Study on the Pollution Characteristics of Particulate Matter based on the Characteristic Elements in Changping of Beijing[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(3):58-63.
[11] 王宏,陈晓秋,余永江,等.福州市PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10分布特征及与气象条件关系的初步分析[J]. 热带气象学报,2014,30(2):387-391.WANG Hong,CHEN Xiaoqiu,YU Yongjiang,et al.Preliminary Analyses on Distribution Characteristics of PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10 and Its Relationship with Meteorological Conditions in Fuzhou[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2014,30(2):387-391.
[12] 高愈霄,霍晓芹,闫慧,等,京津冀区域大气重污染过程特征初步分析[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(6):26-35.GAO Yuxiao,HUO Xiaoqin,YAN Hui,et al.Preliminary Analysis on the Characteristics of Heavy Air Pollution Events in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(6):26-35.
[13] 国家环境保护总局科技标准司.环境空气质量自动监测技术规范:HJ/T 193—2005[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005.
[14] 国家环境保护部科技标准司.环境空气质量评价技术规范(试行):HJ 663—2013[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2013.
[15] 国家环境保护部科技标准司.环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定(试行):HJ 633—2012[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012.