青年医生形象的媒介话语建构:从语言偏见到信任危机
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摘要
以刘永伟"肾失踪"事件的相关报道作为分析对象,采用批评性话语分析的方法,从文本、话语实践和社会实践三个层面探讨了新闻媒体所建构的青年医生群体形象、媒体在建构青年医生群体形象过程中所采用的策略以及医生群体形象背后所呈现的社会文化语境。研究发现,在"肾失踪"事件中,新闻媒体通过标题、分类、文本架构、互文性等手段将青年医生群体塑造成一种缺乏经验、冷漠傲慢、不负责任的施暴者形象。对青年医生群体的污名化与中国社会因转型带来的信任危机以及因社会虚拟化导致的群体责任意识下降等因素密切相关。
This paper explores three relevant questions: what images the news media have shaped for the young doctors; how they have shaped the images; and what's the relationship between the construction of doctor image and socio-cultural context. This paper probes them from the perspective of text, discourse practice and social practice based on a critical discourse analysis of the news about "the Missing Kidney" from media. It is found that many media have shaped the young doctors as some cold, arrogant and irresponsible perpetrators by the means of news title, classification, framing of text and intertextuality. And it is an admitted fact that the stigmatization of doctors is closely associated with the crisis of confidence the social transformation of China brings and the decline of group sense of responsibility the social virtualization makes.
This paper explores three relevant questions: what images the news media have shaped for the young doctors; how they have shaped the images; and what's the relationship between the construction of doctor image and socio-cultural context. This paper probes them from the perspective of text, discourse practice and social practice based on a critical discourse analysis of the news about "the Missing Kidney" from media. It is found that many media have shaped the young doctors as some cold, arrogant and irresponsible perpetrators by the means of news title, classification, framing of text and intertextuality. And it is an admitted fact that the stigmatization of doctors is closely associated with the crisis of confidence the social transformation of China brings and the decline of group sense of responsibility the social virtualization makes.
引文
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[40][42]董小玉、胡杨.风险社会视阈下媒介污名化探析[J].当代传播,2011(03):41-43.
[2]周国朝等.医患纠纷的多重性研究与思考[J].中国卫生事业管理,2012(09):662-664.
[3]邵华.医患纠纷调解:通过衡平实现正义[J].中南大学学报,2016(01):42-48.
[4]江山、刘新.媒介建构下的“医生”形象——以《新京报》“医生”报道为例[J].新闻研究导刊,2016(04):56-57.
[5] Fowler, R.et.al.Language and Control[M]. London:Routledge&Kegan Paul,1979.
[6]辛斌、高小丽.批评话语分析:目标、方法与动态[J].外语与外语教学,2013(04):1-5.
[7] Lazar, M.M. Equalising Gender Relations:A Case Study of Double Talk[J]. Discourse&Society,1993(04):443-465.
[8]田海龙.批评话语分析:阐释、思考、应用[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2014:43.
[9][15][16][24][27] Fairclough, N. Discourse and Social Change[M].殷晓蓉译.北京:华厦出版社,2003:58、67、71、72、73.
[10] Fowler,R.Language in the News:Discourse and Ideology in the Press[M].London/New York:Routledge,1991:1.
[11] Wodak, R. The Discourse-historical Approach[A]. In R. Wodak&M.Meyer(eds). Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis[M].London:Sage Publications,2001:1.
[12] van Dijk, T. Ideology:A Multidisciplinary Approach[M]. London:Sage Publications,1998:1.
[13][17][19][23][26][28][32][39]熊伟.话语偏见的跨文化分析[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2011:92、101、124、102、138、161、173、202.
[14]丁建新、廖益清.批评语言学[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2011:98.
[18]潘艳艳.美国媒体话语霸权下的中国海上力量建构——基于2013-2014年美国“战略之页”网站有关中国海军新闻报道的批评话语分析[J].外语研究,2015(02):7-12.
[20][21]徐默凡.从标题群看新闻预设——以《新民晚报》“民工新闻”为例[J].修辞学习,2006(01):8-15.
[22] Halliday, M.A.K. Introduction to Functional Grammar[M]. London:Arnold,1985:48.
[25]辛斌.批评语言学:理论与应用[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2005:54.
[29] Kristeva, Julia. The Kristeva Reader[M].Oxford:Basil Blackwell,1986:1.
[30]付小秋、沈红.叛徒还是英雄?——从批评话语分析看《南华早报》和《福克斯新闻网》在“斯诺登泄密事件”上的较量[J].山东外语教学,2014(04):47-53.
[31]洪亚星、董小玉.被仰视的中国:从文本建构到形象塑造——基于纪录片《超级中国》的批评话语分析[J].新闻界,2015(13):24-29.
[33][34][35]张昱、杨彩云.泛污名化:风险社会信任危机的一种表征[J].河北学刊,2013(02):117-122.
[36][37][41]尹洁.如何解构医患信任危机?[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(02):29-35.
[38]曾繁旭、戴佳.风险传播:通往社会信任之路[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2015:117.
[40][42]董小玉、胡杨.风险社会视阈下媒介污名化探析[J].当代传播,2011(03):41-43.