4种重金属离子对偏顶蛤的急性毒性效应
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摘要
为探究偏顶蛤Modiolus modiolus对几种重金属离子的耐受能力,在水温为21~23℃、盐度为32.1、p H为8.2的试验条件下,采用静水试验法研究了Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)对湿质量为(73.28±6.11)g的成体偏顶蛤的急性毒性作用。结果表明:偏顶蛤死亡率随重金属离子浓度的升高而增大,表现出明显的剂量—效应关系;4种重金属离子对试验蛤48、72、96 h的半数致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为Pb~(2+)372.392、223.357、129.122 mg/L,Zn~(2+)292.415、113.501、62.230 mg/L,Cu~(2+)3.373、1.189、0.506 mg/L,Cd~(2+)106.170、47.973、24.949 mg/L;Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)对偏顶蛤的安全浓度分别为1.291、0.622、0.005、0.250 mg/L。研究表明,单一金属对偏顶蛤的毒性大小依次为Cu~(2+)>Cd~(2+)>Zn~(2+)>Pb~(2+),其中Cu~(2+)对偏顶蛤属于高毒性,而偏顶蛤对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)均具有极强的耐受性。
The acute toxicity of Cu~(2+),Pb~(2+),Zn~(2+)and Cd~(2+)to clam Modiolus modiolus was studied using static test method at water temperature 21-23 ℃,salinity 32.1 and p H 8.2 in order to explore tolerance of the clam to several kinds of heavy metal ions. The results showed that the mortality of the clam was found to be increased with the increase in metal concentration,with obvious dose-dependent effect. The medium lethal concentration( LC50) values of Pb~(2+)treatment was 372.392 mg / L for 48 h,223.357 mg / L for 72 h and 129.122 mg / L for 96 h with safe concentration of 1.291 mg / L,whereas LC50 of Zn~(2+)was 292.415 mg / L for 48 h,113.501 mg / L for 72 h and 62.230 mg / L for 96 h with safe concentration of 0.622 mg / L. The LC50 of Cu~(2+)was 3.373 mg / L for 48 h,1.189 mg / L for72 h and 0.506 mg / L,for 96 h safe concentration of 0.005 mg / L. The LC50 of Cd~(2+)was 106.170 mg / L for 48 h,47.973 mg / L for 72 h and 24.949 mg / L for 96 h with safe concentration of 0.250 mg / L. In conclusion,the acute toxicity of four kinds of heavy mental ions to the clam was in the order of Cu~(2+)>Cd~(2+)>Zn~(2+)>Pb~(2+). Cu~(2+)was high toxicant to the clam,and the clam had strong tolerance to Pb~(2+)and Cd~(2+).
The acute toxicity of Cu~(2+),Pb~(2+),Zn~(2+)and Cd~(2+)to clam Modiolus modiolus was studied using static test method at water temperature 21-23 ℃,salinity 32.1 and p H 8.2 in order to explore tolerance of the clam to several kinds of heavy metal ions. The results showed that the mortality of the clam was found to be increased with the increase in metal concentration,with obvious dose-dependent effect. The medium lethal concentration( LC50) values of Pb~(2+)treatment was 372.392 mg / L for 48 h,223.357 mg / L for 72 h and 129.122 mg / L for 96 h with safe concentration of 1.291 mg / L,whereas LC50 of Zn~(2+)was 292.415 mg / L for 48 h,113.501 mg / L for 72 h and 62.230 mg / L for 96 h with safe concentration of 0.622 mg / L. The LC50 of Cu~(2+)was 3.373 mg / L for 48 h,1.189 mg / L for72 h and 0.506 mg / L,for 96 h safe concentration of 0.005 mg / L. The LC50 of Cd~(2+)was 106.170 mg / L for 48 h,47.973 mg / L for 72 h and 24.949 mg / L for 96 h with safe concentration of 0.250 mg / L. In conclusion,the acute toxicity of four kinds of heavy mental ions to the clam was in the order of Cu~(2+)>Cd~(2+)>Zn~(2+)>Pb~(2+). Cu~(2+)was high toxicant to the clam,and the clam had strong tolerance to Pb~(2+)and Cd~(2+).
引文
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[2]齐钟彦,马绣同,王祯瑞,等.黄渤海的软体动物[M].北京:农业出版社,1987:164-166.
[3]Hoegh-Guldberg O,Mumby P J,Hooten A J,et al.Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification[J].Science,2007,318:1737-1742.
[4]宋坚,程龙,常亚青,等.偏顶蛤不同组织营养成分的分析及评价[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(2):167-170.
[5]赵汝翼,程济民,赵大东.大连海产软体动物志[M].北京:海洋出版社,1982:94-95.
[6]Cheung S G,Wong L S.Effect of copper on activity and feeding in the subtidal prosobranch Babylonia lutosa(Lamarck)(Gastropoda:Buccinidae)[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1999,39:106-111.
[7]穆景利,王莹,王新红,等.Cd2+、Hg2+、Cr6+和Pb2+对黑点青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)早期生活阶段的毒性效应研究[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(4):352-360.
[8]柳学周,徐永江,兰功刚.几种重金属离子对半滑舌鳎胚胎发育和仔稚鱼的毒性效应[J].海洋水产研究,2006,27(2):33-42.
[9]孙振兴,陈书秀,陈静,等.四种重金属对刺参幼参的急性致毒效应[J].海洋通报,2007,26(5):80-85.
[10]Cheung S G,Wong L S.Physiological responses of the subtidal prosobranch,Babylonia lutosa(Gastropoda:Buccinidae),to copper[J].Science of the Total Environment,1998,214(1-3):185-191.
[11]林国清.4种重金属盐对泥东风螺幼螺的急性毒性试验[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(3):232-236.
[12]隋国斌,杨凤,孙丕海,等.铅、镉、汞对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍的急性毒性试验[J].大连水产学院学报,1999,14(1):22-26.
[13]张宜奎,宋秀凯,刘爱英,等.重金属Cd2+、Cu2+对文蛤的急性毒性[J].海洋湖沼通报,2011(3):51-56.
[14]王晓宇,王清,杨红生.镉和汞两种重金属离子对四角蛤蜊的急性毒性[J].海洋科学,2009,33(12):24-29,113.
[15]张笑一,潘渝生.重金属致毒的化学机理[J].环境科学研究,1997,10(2):45-49.
[16]杨晓刚,余东游,许梓荣.动物铅毒性研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2006,42(19):57-59.
[17]Beak J Y,Kang H S,Kim Y S,et al.Functional analysis of the zinc finger and activation domains of GLIS3 and mutant GLIS3(NDH1)[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2008,36(5):1690-1702.
[18]胡贵林.重金属对水产动物的影响研究概述[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2007(9):9-10.
[19]刘浩明,董迎辉,霍礼辉,等.Cu2+对缢蛏稚贝的急性毒性及对抗氧化酶活力和丙二醛含量的影响[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(1):182-187.
[20]Papadimitriou E,Loumbourdis N S.Exposure of the frog Rana ridibunda to copper:impact on two biomarkers,lipid peroxidation,and glutathione[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2002,69(6):885-891.
[21]Xu C,Yuan J,Xu H P.Toxic effects of heavy metal ions and aquatic environmental samples on the growth of Escherichia coli[J].Metalions in Biology and Medicine,1994:293-300.
[22]徐彦,王悠,周斌,等.Cd2+和Pb2+的单一和复合作用对菲律宾蛤仔的急性毒性效应研究[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(1):6-10.
[23]海洋监测质量保证手册编委会.海洋监测质量保证手册[M].北京:海洋出版社,2000:230-231.