几种生态因子对成体偏顶蛤存活的影响
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摘要
为了研究几种生态因子对成体偏顶蛤Modiolus modiolus存活的影响,采用实验生态学方法,在室内控制条件下进行了海水盐度、温度、p H、干露和淡水浸泡对体质量为(108.8±18.9)g的偏顶蛤存活的影响试验。结果表明:偏顶蛤对生态因子的耐受范围较广,其生存盐度范围为20~45,适宜盐度为25~35;其适宜温度范围为5~23℃,27℃可能是其高温耐受能力上限;其生存p H范围为4~10,适宜p H为6~9;干露和淡水浸泡对偏顶蛤存活有显著影响(P<0.05);在空气湿度为85%~90%的条件下,其存活率与干露时长和高温均呈负相关,15℃组和20℃组偏顶蛤开始死亡的时间均为48 h,25℃组在36 h开始出现死亡;淡水浸泡过程中投饵将显著增加偏顶蛤的死亡率,偏顶蛤100%存活的时长为24 h。本研究结果可为确定偏顶蛤最佳储运时间和耐淡水浸泡能力,以及偏顶蛤的增养殖及其种质保护提供理论基础。
The effects of salinity,temperature,p H,air exposure and fresh- water immersion on survival in adult mussel Modiolus modiolus with body weight of(180. 8 ± 18. 9) g were studied in a laboratory by experimental ecology methods. Results showed that the mussel had a wide range of tolerance to ecological environment. The mussel was survival at a salinity from 20 to 45 with the optimum salinity of 25- 35. It was found that the suitable temperature was changed from 5 ℃ to 23 ℃ with the upper limit of 27 ℃. The suitable p H was found to be in the range of4- 10,with the optimal range of 6- 9. Air exposure and fresh- water immersion showed significant negative effects on survival of adult mussel( P < 0. 05). There was negative correlation between survival rate and air exposure time and temperature at air humidity of 85%- 90%. The initial mortality was observed in 48 h exposure in 15℃ and 20 ℃ groups and in 36 h exposure in 25 ℃ group. The significant increase in mortality was found in the mussel immersed in fresh- water and only within 24 h for survival rate of 100% in the mussel fed and immersed in fresh water. The findings provides guidelines for the optimum time for storage and transportation,and for breeding and germplasm protection of M. modiolus.
The effects of salinity,temperature,p H,air exposure and fresh- water immersion on survival in adult mussel Modiolus modiolus with body weight of(180. 8 ± 18. 9) g were studied in a laboratory by experimental ecology methods. Results showed that the mussel had a wide range of tolerance to ecological environment. The mussel was survival at a salinity from 20 to 45 with the optimum salinity of 25- 35. It was found that the suitable temperature was changed from 5 ℃ to 23 ℃ with the upper limit of 27 ℃. The suitable p H was found to be in the range of4- 10,with the optimal range of 6- 9. Air exposure and fresh- water immersion showed significant negative effects on survival of adult mussel( P < 0. 05). There was negative correlation between survival rate and air exposure time and temperature at air humidity of 85%- 90%. The initial mortality was observed in 48 h exposure in 15℃ and 20 ℃ groups and in 36 h exposure in 25 ℃ group. The significant increase in mortality was found in the mussel immersed in fresh- water and only within 24 h for survival rate of 100% in the mussel fed and immersed in fresh water. The findings provides guidelines for the optimum time for storage and transportation,and for breeding and germplasm protection of M. modiolus.
引文
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[22]杨凤,谭文明,闫喜武,等.干露及淡水浸泡对菲律宾蛤仔稚贝生长和存活的影响[J].水产科学,2012,31(3):143-146.
[2]黄洋,黄海立,林国游,等.盐度、p H和规格对尖紫蛤(Soletellina acuta)耗氧率和排氨率的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(1):120-125.
[3]Kinne O.The effects of temperature and salinity on marine and brackish water animals:Ⅱ.salinity and temperature-salinity combination[J].Oceanography Marine Biology Annual Review,1964,2:281-339.
[4]Yan X,Zhang G,Yang F.Effects of diet,stocking density,and environmental factors on growth,survival,and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum larvae[J].Aquaculture,2006,253(1):350-358.
[5]De Bravo M S,Chung K S,Pérez J E.Salinity and temperature tolerances of the green and brown mussels,Perna viridis and Perna perna(Bivalvia:Mytilidae)[J].Revista De Biologia Tropical,1998,46(5):121-125.
[6]顾晓英,尤仲杰,王一农.几种环境因子对彩虹明樱蛤Moerella iridescens不同发育阶段的影响[J].东海海洋,1998,16(3):40-47.
[7]王丹丽,徐善良,尤仲杰,等.温度和盐度对青蛤孵化及幼虫、稚贝存活与生长变态的影响[J].水生生物学报,2006,29(5):495-501.
[8]何义朝,张福绥.盐度对海湾扇贝不同发育阶段的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,1990,21(3):197-204.
[9]于瑞海,王昭萍,孔令锋,等.不同发育期的太平洋牡蛎在不同干露状态下的成活率研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(4):617-620.
[10]李忠泓,王国栋.硬壳蛤稚贝对淡水浸泡、干露和低温的耐受能力[J].水产科学,2004,23(6):14-16.
[11]马贵范,杨凤,郭文学,等.中国蛤蜊和四角蛤蜊对干露和淡水浸泡的耐受性比较[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(1):44-48.
[12]叶莹莹,徐梅英,吴常文.几种环境因子对厚壳贻贝浮游幼虫生长与存活的影响[J].浙江海洋学院学报:自然科学版,2011,30(4):292-296.
[13]常亚青,宋坚,王国栋,等.硬壳蛤的人工育苗技术[J].中国水产科学,2002,9(1):43-47.
[14]林笔水,吴天明.温度与盐度和缢蛏幼体生存、生长及发育的关系[J].水产学报,1990,14(3):171-178.
[15]尤仲杰,徐善良,边平江,等.海水温度和盐度对泥蚶幼虫和稚贝生长及存活的影响[J].海洋学报,2001,23(6):108-113.
[16]柴雪良,张永普,宣瑛,等.若干环境因子对成体小荚蛏存活的影响[J].海洋学研究,2008,26(1):45-51.
[17]周化斌,张永普,肖国强,等.几种环境因子对橄榄蚶成贝存活的影响[J].温州大学学报:自然科学版,2010,31(2):30-35.
[18]Caldeira K,Wickett M E.Oceanography:anthropogenic carbon and ocean p H[J].Nature,2003,425:365.
[19]湛垚垚,黄显雅,段立柱,等.海洋酸化对近岸海洋生物的影响[J].大连大学学报,2013,34(3):79-84.
[20]Hoegh-Guldberg O,Mumby P J,Hooten A J,et al.Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification[J].Science,2007,318:1737-1742.
[21]尤仲杰,陆彤霞,马斌,等.几种环境因子对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2003,22(3):22-29.
[22]杨凤,谭文明,闫喜武,等.干露及淡水浸泡对菲律宾蛤仔稚贝生长和存活的影响[J].水产科学,2012,31(3):143-146.