高速铁路客运安全调研分析
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摘要
为创新我国高速铁路客运安全监管模式,运用铁路运输安全管理、安全服务链管理理论和统计方法,从现行铁路安全法规与标准、监管部门工作重点及铁路客运服务企业现状等多维度加以分析,设计高速铁路车站与列车客运安全调研指标,并分线路进行现场调研;在全覆盖调查分析的基础上,收集汇总相关资料,找出我国高速铁路客运安全管理的主要问题。研究结果表明:全国高速铁路客运安全整体水平良好,达标率超过90%,但是部分高速铁路车站存在疏散通道、安全出口被堵塞、封闭,甚至被商业开发占用等问题,应当引起高度重视。
In order to innovate the safety supervision modes of high-speed railway in China,the existing regulations and standards,the focus of the supervision department and the current situation of the railway passenger service enterprises were analyzed based on the railway transport safety management,safety service chain theory and statistical analysis method. The investigation indexes of the safety of the high-speed railway station and the train passenger transport were designed. Then,the field investigation was carried out along all the high-speed lines. The research results show that the overall safety level of the Chinese high-speed railway passenger transport is good and the rate of reaching the standard exceeds 90%.However,some problems should be paid great attention,such as,the evacuation passages and the safety exits are blocked,closed,or even occupied by commercial development at some high-speed railway stations.
In order to innovate the safety supervision modes of high-speed railway in China,the existing regulations and standards,the focus of the supervision department and the current situation of the railway passenger service enterprises were analyzed based on the railway transport safety management,safety service chain theory and statistical analysis method. The investigation indexes of the safety of the high-speed railway station and the train passenger transport were designed. Then,the field investigation was carried out along all the high-speed lines. The research results show that the overall safety level of the Chinese high-speed railway passenger transport is good and the rate of reaching the standard exceeds 90%.However,some problems should be paid great attention,such as,the evacuation passages and the safety exits are blocked,closed,or even occupied by commercial development at some high-speed railway stations.
引文
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[2]关宁宁,张长青.国外高速铁路安全立法及其启示[J].铁道经济研究,2012(2):11-15.GUAN Ningning,ZHANG Changqing.Legislation of high-speed railways abroad and its enlightenment[J].Railway Economics Research,2012(2):11-15.
[3]GALETZKA M,GELDERS D,VERCKENS J P,et al.Performance communication of the Belgian railway[J].Journal of Communication Management,2007,11(2):170-181.
[4]CHOU J S,KIM C.A structural equation analysis of the QSL relationship with passenger riding experience on high speed rail:an empirical study of Taiwan and Korea[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,2009:6 945-6 955.
[5]王睿,雒兴刚,李延来,等.高速铁路车站安全管理的系统动力学仿真研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(3):91-97.WANG Rui,LUO Xinggang,LI Yanlai,et al.Research on safety management of high-speed railway station based on system dynamics[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(3):91-97.
[6]于宝,冯春,朱倩,等.中国高速铁路网络脆弱性分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(9):110-115.YU Bao,FENG Chun,ZHU Qian,et al.Vulnerability analysis of China's high speed railway network[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(9):110-115.
[7]张博昊,盖宇仙,芦有鹏.基于IEM-Vague集的高铁车站运营安全综合评价[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(9):164-169.ZHANG Bohao,GAI Yuxian,LU Youpeng.Comprehensive evaluation of high-speed railway station operation safety based on IEM-Vague sets theory[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(9):164-169.
[8]王洪德,孙海云.高铁运营过程岗位链条安全风险识别与优化分析[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(3):11-15.WANG Hongde,SUN Haiyun.Risk identification and optimization of the post chain on the high-speed rail operation process[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(3):11-15.
[9]冯运卿,李雪梅,李学伟.基于熵权法与灰色关联分析的铁路安全综合评价[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(2):73-79.FENG Yunqing,LI Xuemei,LI Xuewei.Comprehensive evaluation method for the railway safety based on the entropy method and the grey relation analysis[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2014,14(2):73-79.
[10]国务院第18次常务会议.铁路安全管理条例[L].2013-08-17.
[11]TB/T2967—2015,铁路旅客运输服务质量规范[S].
[12]贾利民,王艳辉,程晓卿.高速铁路安全保障技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2010:41-46.