基于城市化的农村剩余劳动力转移影响因素及实证研究
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摘要
城市化的过程也是农村剩余劳动力的转移过程。通过研究城市化背景下农村剩余劳动力转移的影响因素,构建基于城市化的农村剩余劳动力转移影响因素模型,采用多变量Johansen协整方法来分析城乡收入差距、迁移成本、劳动力价格歧视等因素对农村剩余劳动力的影响。研究发现:城乡收入差距与农村剩余劳动力转移之间呈正相关关系,收入差距的扩大将有利于吸引劳动力进行转移,而劳动力价格歧视和迁移成本则阻碍农村剩余劳动力的转移,并且迁移成本对农村剩余劳动力转移的阻碍作用要高于劳动力价格歧视;城市化促进了我国农村剩余劳动力的转移,但目前的农村剩余劳动力转移并没有推动城市化水平的有效提高。因此,加快以户籍制度为中心的综合制度改革,加大农村剩余劳动力的人力资本培育,打破目前不合理的城乡教育二元体制,有助于形成城市化与劳动力转移的良性循环。
the urbanization process is accompanied the rural surplus labor force movement. Through studying the affecting factors of the rural surplus labor movement based on the urbanization, the paper constructs the model of influencing factors of the rural surplus labor movement based on the urbanization, and using multivariate Johansen cointegration method analyzes the income gap between the urban and rural areas, the transfer cost, the labor price discrimination and the other factors which affect the rural surplus labor force movement. The study finds: the income gap between the urban and the rural areas and the rural surplus labor force movement have the positively correlation, the income gap expansion will help to attract the labor rural surplus labor force movement, the labor force price discrimination and the migration costs hinder the labor rural surplus labor force movement, and the migration costs is higher than the price discrimination of the rural surplus labor force; the urbanization promotes the rural surplus labor force movement, but the rural surplus labor force movement at present does not promote the urbanization level. Therefore, accelerating the comprehensive reform centered the household registration system, increasing the human capital cultivation of the rural surplus labor force, breaking the"two-yuan"unreasonable education system between the urban and rural contribute to the virtuous cycle formation between the urbanization and the rural surplus labor force.
the urbanization process is accompanied the rural surplus labor force movement. Through studying the affecting factors of the rural surplus labor movement based on the urbanization, the paper constructs the model of influencing factors of the rural surplus labor movement based on the urbanization, and using multivariate Johansen cointegration method analyzes the income gap between the urban and rural areas, the transfer cost, the labor price discrimination and the other factors which affect the rural surplus labor force movement. The study finds: the income gap between the urban and the rural areas and the rural surplus labor force movement have the positively correlation, the income gap expansion will help to attract the labor rural surplus labor force movement, the labor force price discrimination and the migration costs hinder the labor rural surplus labor force movement, and the migration costs is higher than the price discrimination of the rural surplus labor force; the urbanization promotes the rural surplus labor force movement, but the rural surplus labor force movement at present does not promote the urbanization level. Therefore, accelerating the comprehensive reform centered the household registration system, increasing the human capital cultivation of the rural surplus labor force, breaking the"two-yuan"unreasonable education system between the urban and rural contribute to the virtuous cycle formation between the urbanization and the rural surplus labor force.
引文
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(10)欧阳峣、张杰飞:《发展中大国农村剩余劳动力转移动因--一个理论模型及来自中国的经验证据》,《中国农村经济》2010年第9期,第4-16页。
(1)樊士德:《劳动力流动对欠发达地区产出效应的测算》,《中国农村经济》2011年第8期,第22-32页。
(2)程名望、史清华:《非经济因素对农村剩余劳动力转移作用和影响的理论分析》,《经济问题》2009年第2期,第90-92页。
(1)资料来源,见《中国统计年鉴2016》、《中国劳动统计年鉴2016》。
(1)彭红碧、李国政:《农民工工资市场决定失灵的原因及解决途径》,《城市问题》2011年第4期,第91-96页。
(1)赵利、卢洁:《产业结构调整影响劳动就业的理论演变及作用机理分析》,《理论学刊》2016年第3期,第54-59页。
(2)Todaro,Michael P:A Model for Labor Migration and Urban Unemployment in Less Developed Countries,American Economic Review,1969,95(1):138-148.
(3)Becker,Charles M.;Williamson,Jeffery G and Mills,Edwin S.:Indian Urbanization and Economic Growth since 1960.Baltimore:John Hopkins Press,1992:22-23.
(4)Chandra,V.,and M.A.Khan.“Foreign Investment in the Presence of an Informal Sector”.Economica,1993,60(237):79-103.
(5)Fields,Gary S.“A Welfare Economic Analysis of Labor Market Policies in the Harris-Todaro Model”.Journal of Development Economics,2005,76(1):127-146.
(6)赵耀辉:《中国劳动力流动及教育在其中的作用》,《经济研究》1997年第2期,第37-42页。
(7)蔡昉、都阳:《迁移的双重动因及其政策含义》,《中国人口科学》2002年第4期,第1-7页。
(8)黄国华:《农村劳动力转移与城乡收入差距的因应》,《北京理工大学学报》2010年第2期,第71-77页。
(9)赵慧卿、周国富:《我国农业剩余劳动力转移影响因素分析》,《统计研究》2006年第4期,第20-23页。
(10)欧阳峣、张杰飞:《发展中大国农村剩余劳动力转移动因--一个理论模型及来自中国的经验证据》,《中国农村经济》2010年第9期,第4-16页。
(1)樊士德:《劳动力流动对欠发达地区产出效应的测算》,《中国农村经济》2011年第8期,第22-32页。
(2)程名望、史清华:《非经济因素对农村剩余劳动力转移作用和影响的理论分析》,《经济问题》2009年第2期,第90-92页。
(1)资料来源,见《中国统计年鉴2016》、《中国劳动统计年鉴2016》。
(1)彭红碧、李国政:《农民工工资市场决定失灵的原因及解决途径》,《城市问题》2011年第4期,第91-96页。
(1)赵利、卢洁:《产业结构调整影响劳动就业的理论演变及作用机理分析》,《理论学刊》2016年第3期,第54-59页。