PAEs对烟草生长及其在土壤—烟草系统的累积特征
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摘要
盆栽试验条件下,通过外源添加DBP/DEHP制成0,20,50,100,200 mg/kg的浓度梯度,来研究PAEs对烟草生长的影响及其在土壤—烟草系统的累积特征。结果表明:外源DBP/DEHP的添加对烟草地上部生物量和茎粗无显著影响,烟草株高随外源DBP/DEHP浓度的增加呈现不同的变化趋势,其中黄棕壤烟草株高显著降低,红壤的显著增加,而黄壤的无变化;黄壤根系活力随外源DBP/DEHP浓度先增高后降低,而黄棕壤和红壤的无显著变化。DBP/DEHP浓度对部分烟草抗氧化酶活性有显著影响,而对土壤的脱氢酶和和脲酶活性基本无影响。随外源PAEs浓度的增加,土壤中DBP/DEHP含量均呈现上升的趋势,以黄棕壤DBP含量增加幅度最大,添加200 mg/kg DBP时是CK(外源不添加DBP/DEHP)的3.56倍;黄棕壤和红壤DEHP浓度大幅增加,黄棕壤和红壤添加200 mg/kg DEHP时分别是CK的27.47,27.34倍。相比于CK大多数烟叶中和根系中DBP/DEHP有不同程度的提升。随外源DBP/DEHP浓度的增加,会在一定程度上促进土壤和烟叶DBP/DEHP的积累。
Under the pot experiment, DBP/DEHP was added exogenously with the concentrations of 0,20,50,100,200 mg/kg respectively to study the effect of PAEs on tobacco growth and its accumulation characteristics in soil-tobacco systems. The results showed that the addition of exogenous DBP/DEHP had no significant effect on the aboveground biomass and stem diameter of tobacco, and the plant height of tobacco showed different trends with the concentration of exogenous DBP/DEHP. The plant height of tobacco remained unchanged in yellow soil, decreased in yellow brown soil, and increased in red soil. The root activity of yellow soil decreased with the increase of exogenous DBP/DEHP concentration, while there was no significant change in yellow brown soil. DBP/DEHP concentration had a significant effect on tobacco antioxidant ezyme activity in some soils, but had no effect on soil denydrogenase and urease activity. With the increase of the concentrations of PAEs, the DBP/DEHP contents in the soil increased, with the highest increase for the DBP contents in the yellow brown soil, which reached its 3.56 times that of CK under the 200 mg/kg DBP. The concentrations of DEHP in yellow brown soil and red soil increased significantly, which were 27.47 times and 27.34 times of CK, respectively when adding 200 mg/kg DEHP. Compared with CK, most tobacco leaves and roots were improved in DBP/DEHP with different degrees. With the increase of the concentration of exogenous DBP/DEHP, the accumulation of DBP/DEHP in soil and tobacco leaves will be promoted to some extent.
Under the pot experiment, DBP/DEHP was added exogenously with the concentrations of 0,20,50,100,200 mg/kg respectively to study the effect of PAEs on tobacco growth and its accumulation characteristics in soil-tobacco systems. The results showed that the addition of exogenous DBP/DEHP had no significant effect on the aboveground biomass and stem diameter of tobacco, and the plant height of tobacco showed different trends with the concentration of exogenous DBP/DEHP. The plant height of tobacco remained unchanged in yellow soil, decreased in yellow brown soil, and increased in red soil. The root activity of yellow soil decreased with the increase of exogenous DBP/DEHP concentration, while there was no significant change in yellow brown soil. DBP/DEHP concentration had a significant effect on tobacco antioxidant ezyme activity in some soils, but had no effect on soil denydrogenase and urease activity. With the increase of the concentrations of PAEs, the DBP/DEHP contents in the soil increased, with the highest increase for the DBP contents in the yellow brown soil, which reached its 3.56 times that of CK under the 200 mg/kg DBP. The concentrations of DEHP in yellow brown soil and red soil increased significantly, which were 27.47 times and 27.34 times of CK, respectively when adding 200 mg/kg DEHP. Compared with CK, most tobacco leaves and roots were improved in DBP/DEHP with different degrees. With the increase of the concentration of exogenous DBP/DEHP, the accumulation of DBP/DEHP in soil and tobacco leaves will be promoted to some extent.
引文
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[26] 曾巧云,莫测辉,蔡全英,等.菜心对邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)吸收途径的初步研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(8):137-141.
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[2] 张欣,李志涛,陈秋实,等.地膜使用年限对遵义市烟田土壤和烟叶邻苯二甲酸酯累积的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(10):3311-3318.
[3] Kong S,Ji Y,Liu L,et al.Diversities of phthalate esters in suburban agricultural soils and wasteland soil appeared with urbanization in China [J].Environmental Pollution,2012,170(8):161-168.
[4] Xu G,Li F,Wang Q.Occurrence and degradation characteristics of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in typical agricultural soils of China [J].Science of the Total Environment,2008,393(2/3):333-340.
[5] Ma L L,Chu S G,Xu X B.Phthalate residues in greenhouse soil from Beijing suburbs,People’s Republic of China [J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2003,1(2):394-399.
[6] Wang H,Liang H,Gao D W.Occurrence and risk assessment of phthalate esters (PAEs) in agricultural soils of the Sanjiang Plain,northeast China [J].Environmental Science & Pollution Research International,2017,24(24):19723-19732.
[7] 陈意良,鲁磊安,莫测辉,等.DEHP胁迫对高/低累积邻苯二甲酸酯品种水稻抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].热带作物学报,2016,37(8):1484-1488.
[8] 陈桐,蔡全英,吴启堂,等.PAEs胁迫对高/低累积品种水稻根系形态及根系分泌低分子有机酸的影响[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(3):494-500.
[9] Yin R,Lin X G,Wang S G,et al.Effect of DBP/DEHP in vegetable planted soil on the quality of capsicum fruit [J].Chemosphere,2003,50(6):801-805.
[10] 饶潇潇,王建超,周震峰.花生对土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯的吸收累积特征[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(4):1531-1538.
[11] 谢慧君,石义静,滕少香,等.邻苯二甲酸酯对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1286-1291.
[12] 高军,陈伯清.酞酸酯污染土壤微生物效应与过氧化氢酶活性的变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(6):166-169.
[13] 庞国飞,高习海,高军.酞酸酯污染对土壤脲酶与磷酸酶的动态影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(36):18075-18077.
[14] 曾巧云,莫测辉,蔡全英,等.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯在不同品种菜心-土壤系统的累积[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(3):333-336.
[15] He L Z,Fan S L,Müller K,et al.Biochar reduces the bioavailability of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in soil [J].Chemosphere,2016,142:24-27.
[16] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[17] Kong X ,Jin D,Jin S L,et al.Responses of bacterial community to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) pollution in a soil-vegetable ecosystem [J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2018,353:142-150.
[18] 杨子江,饶刚顺,肖立中.酞酸酯污染胁迫对2个水稻品种生长和生理特性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(7):1-3.
[19] 朱小文.不同提取条件对植物组织SOD、POD和CAT酶活性的影响[J].食品科技,2018,43(5):265-269.
[20] 罗广华,王爱国,郭俊彦.几种外源因子对大豆幼苗SOD活性的影响[J].植物生理学报,1990,3(3):239-244.
[21] 宋广宇,代静玉,胡锋.邻苯二甲酸酯在不同类型土壤-植物系统中的累积特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(8):1502-1508.
[22] Li C,Chen J,Wang J,et al.Phthalate esters in soil,plastic film and vegetable from greenhouse vegetable production bases in Beijing,China:Concentrations,sources and risk assessment [J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,568:1037-1043.
[23] 陈永山,骆永明,章海波,等.设施菜地土壤酞酸酯污染的初步研究[J].土壤学报,2011,48(3):516-523.
[24] 王佳斌.蔬菜对PAEs的吸收及其分布情况研究[D].江苏苏州:苏州科技大学,2018.
[25] 曾巧云,莫测辉,蔡全英,等.萝卜对邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)吸收累积特征及途径的初步研究[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(1):10-16.
[26] 曾巧云,莫测辉,蔡全英,等.菜心对邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)吸收途径的初步研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(8):137-141.
[27] Schmitzer J L,Scheunert I,Korte F.Fate of bis(2-ethylhexyl) 14C phthalate in laboratory and outdoor soil-plant systems[J].Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry,1988,36(1):210-215.