中药减压提取沸点与饱和蒸气压关系影响因素研究
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摘要
目的研究减压提取工艺条件下水和不同体积分数乙醇沸点、饱和蒸气压的相关性,并比较不同药材(穿心莲、红花、白芷、钩藤、黄芩、丹参、陈皮)的加入和不同粒径药材的加入对饱和蒸气压的影响。方法采用理论计算和仪器实验测定结合方法,获取不同沸点下和饱和蒸气压的理论值及实测值,并进行统计分析。结果得到饱和蒸气压与溶剂乙醇体积分数和沸点之间的回归方程P=76.467 1+0.035 2 T2+1.201 0TV-30.749 4V2-3.123 9T-14.966 7V;实验条件下,水和不同体积分数乙醇纯溶剂饱和蒸气压理论值较实测值小;加入药材后饱和蒸气压实测值比纯溶剂实测值增大;药材粉碎后,提取温度达到一定温度后饱和蒸气压会降低。结论药材的加入和粉碎对溶剂饱和蒸气压有影响,但其变化范围小。
Objective To investigate the correlation of water and different volume fractions of ethanol boiling point and saturated steam pressure when using the vacuum extraction technology, and to compare the impact on saturation steam pressure of the addition of different medicine materials(Andrographis paniculata, Carthamus tinctorius, Angelica dahurica, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Scutellaria baicalensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Citrus reticulata) or the addition of materials with different particle sizes. Methods To obtain the theoretical value and measured value of saturated steam pressure under different boiling points by the combined method of theoretical calculation, experiment measurement, and statistical analysis Results The regression equation for the saturated steam pressure(P) with the volume fraction of ethanol solvent(V) and the boiling point(T) was P=76.4671+0.0352 T2+1.2010 TV-30.7494 V2-3.1239 T-14.9667 V. The results showed that measured values of the saturated steam pressure of pure solvent, water and different concentration of ethanol, was less than the theoretical value. After adding herbs, the measured value of saturated steam pressure was higher than the pure solvent. The saturated steam pressure would reduce exactly as the extraction temperature reaches a certain temperature after the herbs were added. Conclusion The addition and crush of herbs have influence on the saturated vapor pressure of solvent with small range.
Objective To investigate the correlation of water and different volume fractions of ethanol boiling point and saturated steam pressure when using the vacuum extraction technology, and to compare the impact on saturation steam pressure of the addition of different medicine materials(Andrographis paniculata, Carthamus tinctorius, Angelica dahurica, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Scutellaria baicalensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Citrus reticulata) or the addition of materials with different particle sizes. Methods To obtain the theoretical value and measured value of saturated steam pressure under different boiling points by the combined method of theoretical calculation, experiment measurement, and statistical analysis Results The regression equation for the saturated steam pressure(P) with the volume fraction of ethanol solvent(V) and the boiling point(T) was P=76.4671+0.0352 T2+1.2010 TV-30.7494 V2-3.1239 T-14.9667 V. The results showed that measured values of the saturated steam pressure of pure solvent, water and different concentration of ethanol, was less than the theoretical value. After adding herbs, the measured value of saturated steam pressure was higher than the pure solvent. The saturated steam pressure would reduce exactly as the extraction temperature reaches a certain temperature after the herbs were added. Conclusion The addition and crush of herbs have influence on the saturated vapor pressure of solvent with small range.
引文
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[2]韩丽,黄娟,杨秀梅,等.丹参水溶性成分丹酚酸B减压提取工艺研究[J].中华中医药杂志,2013,28(11):3201-3203.
[3]伍振峰,陈伟良,王雅琪,等.丹参减压提取工艺优化及技术适宜性研究[J].中草药,2014,45(6):795-800.
[4]柯刚,伍振峰,王雅琪,等.中药减压提取应用现状与方法分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2014,20(20):230-233.
[5]唐岚,计燕萍,钱建华,等.三生合欢饮减压提取工艺研究[J].中草药,2013,44(14):1918-1924.
[6]黄元红,李容,陈虹静,等.淫羊藿减压提取与常规提取工艺比较[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2013,19(5):56-59.
[7]徐连明,徐桂红,王振中,等.金银花减压提取工艺研究[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2011,17(5):31-33.
[8]刘涛,李娟,徐玉玲,等.红花减压提取工艺优选[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2012,18(12):54-56.
[9]傅献彩,沈文霞,姚天扬,等.物理化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[10]陈晓东.中药减压提取下溶液沸点与真空度的对应关系[J].机电信息,2010(5):17-20.
[11]中国药典[S].一部.2015.