线性摩擦焊机振动装置中双凸轮机构设计与分析
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摘要
目的针对现有机械式线性摩擦焊机振动频率较低、工作效率不高和稳定性不佳等问题,通过改进目前振动装置中使用的机构来获取更高的振动频率和稳定性。方法分析焊机现在使用曲柄连杆和机构的优缺点,对比选择采用凸轮机构,并提出增加凸轮的组数来获取更高的振动频率,并以双凸轮机构为例,通过自行设计凸轮结构并进行运动学分析,来验证增设凸轮组数的可行性。结果采用双凸轮机构的线性摩擦焊接设备,机构旋转一次,焊件往返两次,效率能够提升2倍,且机构运动全程过渡自然、无死点和惯性力产生,具有较好的稳定性。相较于现有振动装置上使用的机构,双凸轮机构在振动频率上提升了2倍,证明了增设凸轮组数可以获得更高的振动频率。
Aiming at the problems of low vibration frequency, low working efficiency and poor stability of the existing mechanical linear friction welding machine, the paper aims to obtain higher vibration frequency and stability by improving the mechanism used in the present vibration device. This paper analyzed advantages and disadvantages of using crank connecting rod and mechanism in welding machine, compared and selected cam mechanism, and proposed to increase the number of cam groups to obtain higher vibration frequency with double cam mechanism as an example. By designing the cam structure and analyzing the kinematics, the feasibility of adding cam group was verified. With the linear friction welding equipment of double cam mechanism, the mechanism rotated once, the welding part went back and forth twice and the efficiency could be increased by 2 times. The mechanism has good stability because of its natural transition and no dead point and inertial force. Compared with the mechanisms used in the existing vibration devices, the vibration frequency of the double cam mechanism is increased by 2 times, which proves that the higher vibration frequency can be obtained by adding the number of cam groups.
Aiming at the problems of low vibration frequency, low working efficiency and poor stability of the existing mechanical linear friction welding machine, the paper aims to obtain higher vibration frequency and stability by improving the mechanism used in the present vibration device. This paper analyzed advantages and disadvantages of using crank connecting rod and mechanism in welding machine, compared and selected cam mechanism, and proposed to increase the number of cam groups to obtain higher vibration frequency with double cam mechanism as an example. By designing the cam structure and analyzing the kinematics, the feasibility of adding cam group was verified. With the linear friction welding equipment of double cam mechanism, the mechanism rotated once, the welding part went back and forth twice and the efficiency could be increased by 2 times. The mechanism has good stability because of its natural transition and no dead point and inertial force. Compared with the mechanisms used in the existing vibration devices, the vibration frequency of the double cam mechanism is increased by 2 times, which proves that the higher vibration frequency can be obtained by adding the number of cam groups.
引文
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[14]汪萍,候慕英,田野.两种推杆运动规律的确定凸轮基圆半径诺模图[J].机械设计,1997,14(7):4-7.WANG Ping,HOU Mu-ying,TIAN Ye.Determination of Two Kinds of Push Rod Motion Laws for Determining the Fundamental Radius of Cam[J].Mechanical Design,1997,14(7):4-7.
[15]林巨广,程刚,刘凯,等.凸轮的新型精确设计及加工方法[J].机械工程师,2012(3):54-55.LIN Ju-guang,CHENG Gang,LIU Kai,et al.New Precision and Machining Method of Cam[J].Mechanical Engineer,2012(3):54-55.
[16]高江红.输入轴速度波动对凸轮机构压力角的影响[J].机械设计,2011,28(11):31-35.GAO Jiang-hong.Effect of Velocity Fluctuation of Input Shaft on Pressure Angle of Cam Mechanism[J].Mechanical Design,2011,28(11):31-35.
[2]刘军.摩擦焊在美国的应用和发展[J].焊接技术,1995(4):46-47.LIU Jun.Application and Development of Friction Welding in USA[J].Welding Technology,1995(4):46-47.
[3]张田仓,韦依.线性摩擦焊在整体叶盘制造中的应用[J].航空制造技术,2004,47(11):56-58.ZHANG Tian-cang,WEI Yi.Application of Linear Friction Welding in the Manufacture of Integral Vane[J].Aviation Manufacturing Technology,2004,47(11):56-58.
[4]杜建国.液压式线性摩擦焊机单片机控制系统的研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2007.DU Jian-guo.Study on Single Chip Microcomputer Control System of Hydraulic Linear Friction Welder[D].Xi'an:Northwest University of Technology,2007.
[5]尚增温.高频振动线性摩擦焊机顶锻电液伺服控制系统研究[J].液压与气动,2007,11(4):1-2.SAHNG Zeng-wen.Study on Electro-hydraulic Servo Control System of High Frequency Vibratory Linear Friction Welding Machine[J].Hydraulic and Pneumatic,2007,11(4):1-2.
[6]温国栋,马铁军,李文亚,等.机械式线性摩擦焊机的模糊控制系统设计[J].电焊机,2014,44(9):64-67.WEN Guo-dong,MA Tie-jun,LI Wen-ya,et al.Design of Fuzzy Control System for Mechanical Linear Friction Welding Machine[J].Welding Machines,2014,44(9):64-67.
[7]NICHOLAS E D.Linear Friction Welding Joins Noncircular Sections[J].Advanced Materials&Processes,1991(2):47.
[8]马铁军,杨思乾.振动机构:中国,200510042898.X[P].2005-07-06.MA Tie-jun,YANG Si-qian.Vibration Mechanism:China,200510042898.X[P].2005-07-06.
[9]苏宇,马铁军,李文亚,等.整体叶盘线性摩擦焊接设备研制与发展状况[J].航空制造技术,2016,59(18):53-56.SU Yu,MA Tie-jun,LI Wen-ya,et al.Research and Development of Linear friction Welding Equipment for Integral Blade[J].Aviation Manufacturing Technology,2016,59(18):53-56.
[10]龚玉兵,王善林,柯黎明,等.一种新型线性摩擦焊接设备的研制[J].焊接设备与材料,2017,46(1):47-50.GONG Yu-bing,WANG Shan-lin,KE Li-ming,et al.Development of a New Linear Friction Welding Equipment[J].Welding Equipment and Materials,2017,46(1):47-50.
[11]郎波,季亚娟,张田仓.摩擦时间对异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头微观组织的影响[C]//超塑性学术研讨会,2012.LANG Bo,JI Ya-juan,ZHANG Tian-cang.Effect of Friction Time on Microstructure of Linear Friction Welded Joints of Heterogeneity Titanium Alloy[C]//Superplasticity Symposium,2012.
[12]岳巍.双轴同转凸轮螺旋式低温榨油机的设计原理[J].农机化研究,2016(8):117-119.YUE Wei.Design Principle of Two-axis Co-rotating Cam Spiral Low Temperature Oil Press[J].Study on Agricultural Mechanization,2016(8):117-119.
[13]何大为,李建华.滚子直动推杆盘状凸轮机构压力角计算的诺模图[J].机械设计,1983(3):54-63.HE Da-wei,LI Jian-hua.A Norm Diagram for Calculating the Pressure Angle of Disc Cam Mechanism with Roller Direct Pushrod[J].Mechanical Design,1983(3):54-63.
[14]汪萍,候慕英,田野.两种推杆运动规律的确定凸轮基圆半径诺模图[J].机械设计,1997,14(7):4-7.WANG Ping,HOU Mu-ying,TIAN Ye.Determination of Two Kinds of Push Rod Motion Laws for Determining the Fundamental Radius of Cam[J].Mechanical Design,1997,14(7):4-7.
[15]林巨广,程刚,刘凯,等.凸轮的新型精确设计及加工方法[J].机械工程师,2012(3):54-55.LIN Ju-guang,CHENG Gang,LIU Kai,et al.New Precision and Machining Method of Cam[J].Mechanical Engineer,2012(3):54-55.
[16]高江红.输入轴速度波动对凸轮机构压力角的影响[J].机械设计,2011,28(11):31-35.GAO Jiang-hong.Effect of Velocity Fluctuation of Input Shaft on Pressure Angle of Cam Mechanism[J].Mechanical Design,2011,28(11):31-35.