北京市五彩浅山地区小型兽类种群密度及病原携带状况
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摘要
目的了解北京五彩浅山地区小型兽类种群密度及相关病原体携带状况,为相关自然疫源性疾病的防控提供基础数据。方法 2017-2018年,选择北京五彩浅山地区有代表性的生境作为调查点,用鼠笼加食饵诱捕小型兽类,对小型兽类进行分类和鉴定。解剖获取其组织样本,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,检测小型兽类组织中恙虫病东方体、伯氏疏螺旋体、斑点热群立克次体、巴贝西虫以及汉坦病毒的特异性目的基因。采用Excel 2010和SPSS 25.0软件对监测数据进行整理和分析。结果 2017-2018年,在五彩浅山地区共捕获小型兽类191只,总体捕获率4.72%。捕获的小型兽类经鉴定隶属2目3科6属7种,黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠为该地区优势种。不同生境小型兽类种群分布及其密度存在一定差异,居民区小型兽类密度最高(6.38%),农田最低(1.33%)。小型兽类捕获率季节消长明显,呈单峰型,秋季为最高峰(7.87%)。全部182份有效样本5种病原体检测结果均为阴性。结论北京五彩浅山地区小型兽类群落结构复杂,密度较高,持续开展种群生态及相关病原体携带状况监测对相关自然疫源性疾病的防控具有重要意义。
Objective To gather the basic information of small mammals and the pathogen harborage in Wucai mountain scenic area of Beijing, and to provide basic data for the prevention and control of related natural epidemic diseases. Methods Small mammals were captured alive with rat traps at different representative habitats in Wucai mountain scenic area from January 2017 to December 2018. Small mammals were identified and classified. Real-time PCR method were used to detect the specific gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi, Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia and Hantavirus in the small mammal tissues. Excel 2010 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to depict and analyze data. Results In 2017-2018, a total of 191 small mammals were captured in Wucai mountain scenic area of Beijing. The catch rate was 4.72%. The small mammals captured were identified as 2 species, 3 families, 6 genera and 7 species. Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus were the predominant species in the region. There are some differences in the distribution and density of small mammals in habitats. The highest density of small mammals is in residential areas(6.38%), and the lowest is in farmland(1.33%). The capture rate features in the season of a single peak in autumn(7.87%). All 182 samples were tested negative for 5 pathogens. Conclusion The structure of small mammals was complicated and the density was high in Wucai mountain scenic area of Beijing. It is important for the prevention and control of related natural epidemic diseases in this area to focus on the investigation and analysis of small mammals and the pathogen harborage.
Objective To gather the basic information of small mammals and the pathogen harborage in Wucai mountain scenic area of Beijing, and to provide basic data for the prevention and control of related natural epidemic diseases. Methods Small mammals were captured alive with rat traps at different representative habitats in Wucai mountain scenic area from January 2017 to December 2018. Small mammals were identified and classified. Real-time PCR method were used to detect the specific gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi, Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia and Hantavirus in the small mammal tissues. Excel 2010 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to depict and analyze data. Results In 2017-2018, a total of 191 small mammals were captured in Wucai mountain scenic area of Beijing. The catch rate was 4.72%. The small mammals captured were identified as 2 species, 3 families, 6 genera and 7 species. Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus were the predominant species in the region. There are some differences in the distribution and density of small mammals in habitats. The highest density of small mammals is in residential areas(6.38%), and the lowest is in farmland(1.33%). The capture rate features in the season of a single peak in autumn(7.87%). All 182 samples were tested negative for 5 pathogens. Conclusion The structure of small mammals was complicated and the density was high in Wucai mountain scenic area of Beijing. It is important for the prevention and control of related natural epidemic diseases in this area to focus on the investigation and analysis of small mammals and the pathogen harborage.
引文
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[2] 窦相峰,田丽丽,刘园,等.北京市鼠疫媒介蚤生态流行病学调查[J].首都公共卫生,2014,11(2):73-74.
[3] 窦相峰,阿孜古丽·加帕,李阳桦,等.北京市土地覆盖遥感和鼠疫鼠情调查[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2013,24(1):43-46.
[4] 张文增,李长青,张松建,等.北京市顺义区1997-2010年肾综合征出血热监测分析[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2012,23(4):361.
[5] 吕燕宁,李良辰,窦相峰.2013年北京地区小型兽类中3种病原携带状况调查[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2016,27(4):336-340.
[6] 朱礼平,杨闳智,刘坚基,等.深圳市新型旅游区小型兽类密度和种群分布状况研究[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(5):437-439.
[7] 付秀萍,刘玉英,张宝华,等.首次实验室证实北京平谷地区恙虫病东方体暴发流行[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2011,22(2):137-140.
[8] 张曙光,田丽丽,张丽琴,等.北京市延庆区恙虫病人群感染状况与危险因素研究[J].中国预防医学杂志,2016,17(7):532-534.
[9] 吕燕宁,陈丽娟,窦相峰,等.北京市远郊区恙虫病血清流行病学调查[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2016,27(3):257-259.
[10] 蔡胜利,段朝霞,曲绍红.北京市怀柔区人群莱姆病血清流行病学调查[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2003,14(6):424.
[11] 王化勇,侯学霞,李立琴,等.2005年北京市密云地区人群莱姆病血清流行病学调查研究[J].中国预防医学杂志,2009,10(8):737-739.