动态生命周期评价的研究与应用现状
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摘要
生命周期评价(LCA)在理论和实际应用中存在一些局限性,包括清单和评价方法缺乏时间维度和空间维度,主要表现为缺乏对产品能源系统随时间变化的考虑,使用静态的过时的清单数据而非基于时间的动态生命周期清单数据,以及影响评价方面缺乏动态特征因子的选择和计算方法.动态生命周期评价(DLCA)是针对工业和环境系统的时间和空间变化的动态建模过程的评价方法,可大大提高传统生命周期评价的科学性和准确性.本文从3个方面对动态生命周期评价方法进行总结和评述,即将时间信息作为不确定因素的动态建模分析;生产过程或污染物排放的实时数据的获取;基于时间分化的动态特征因子的影响评价方法.通过目前的动态生命周期评价的研究现状来看,其方法框架并不统一,另外缺乏科学的时间分化的LCI计算的数学模型和软件以及生命周期影响评价的建模解决方案.因此,本文对DLCA未来的发展进行展望,以期为LCA方法的研究、应用、发展和完善提供更多的支持.
Life cycle assessment(LCA) is the most widely used tool for the environmental evaluation of system and its capabilities no need to be proved. However, there are still several limitations in its theory and application, including the lack of temporal dimension and spatial dimensionin its inventories and impact methods. These limitations mainly include ignoring the changes of products and energy systems over time; the use of static and outdated historical inventory data instead of time-based life cycle inventory(LCI) data; and lacking thechoose and calculation methods of the dynamic characteristics factors inimpact assessment. Dynamic life cycle assessment(DLCA) is an evaluation method of modeling ofdynamic processfor the industrial and environmental system with temporal and spatial dimensional change, which can accurately and scientifically improves the traditional life cycle assessment results. This paper summarized the present studies on the DLCA in three parts: dynamic modeling and analysis using time information as an uncertain factor; dynamic data extraction methods of production process or pollutant emissions based on real time; impact assessment methods of dynamic characteristic factors on the basis of time differentiation. At present, the DLCA method doesn't have uniform framework. Besides, there is no scientific mathematical model and software for time-differentiated LCI calculation and modeling solution for life cycle impact assessment. So this paper will provide an outlook of the future development of DLCA in order to support for the research, application, development and improvement of LCA method.
Life cycle assessment(LCA) is the most widely used tool for the environmental evaluation of system and its capabilities no need to be proved. However, there are still several limitations in its theory and application, including the lack of temporal dimension and spatial dimensionin its inventories and impact methods. These limitations mainly include ignoring the changes of products and energy systems over time; the use of static and outdated historical inventory data instead of time-based life cycle inventory(LCI) data; and lacking thechoose and calculation methods of the dynamic characteristics factors inimpact assessment. Dynamic life cycle assessment(DLCA) is an evaluation method of modeling ofdynamic processfor the industrial and environmental system with temporal and spatial dimensional change, which can accurately and scientifically improves the traditional life cycle assessment results. This paper summarized the present studies on the DLCA in three parts: dynamic modeling and analysis using time information as an uncertain factor; dynamic data extraction methods of production process or pollutant emissions based on real time; impact assessment methods of dynamic characteristic factors on the basis of time differentiation. At present, the DLCA method doesn't have uniform framework. Besides, there is no scientific mathematical model and software for time-differentiated LCI calculation and modeling solution for life cycle impact assessment. So this paper will provide an outlook of the future development of DLCA in order to support for the research, application, development and improvement of LCA method.
引文
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[33]孟祥海,程国强,张俊飚,等.中国畜牧业全生命周期温室气体排放时空特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(8):2167-2176.
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