水稻收获机械抖动板加热脱附试验研究
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摘要
为解决水稻收获机械物料抖动板表面极细小湿黏物料粘附的问题,提出了利用界面加热实现金属抖动板减粘脱附的方法。以镀锌板和不锈钢板两种基材为试验部件,以极细小湿黏水稻物料为试验对象,构建了湿黏水稻物料与金属抖动板表面的粘附界面模型,分析得出水膜的毛细作用是形成粘附界面的重要原因,揭示了金属抖动板表面加热对粘附界面的脱附作用机理。通过加载加热脱附试验,得到两种金属抖动板脱附率曲线模型,分析表明,粘附界面加热可以有效抑制湿黏水稻物料粘附在金属抖动板表面,当温度为50℃时,镀锌板和不锈钢板的脱附率分别达到61. 81%和61. 33%。振动加热脱附试验表明,金属抖动板的振动强度影响加热脱附效果,采用较低温加热、较高强度振动的方案,脱附效果更好,抖动板采用40℃加热,设定振频6 Hz、振幅40 mm的作业参数,脱附率超过65%,满足实际作业要求。验证试验表明,热气流加热是实现水稻收获机械抖动板与湿黏物料减粘脱附的有效方式。
Small,wet and sticky materials in rice threshed mixtures could be easily to adhere to the surface of metal jitter plate in cleaning device. A method to reduce the adhesion of wet sticky rice materials and metal jitter plate by interface heating was proposed. The Galvanized plate and stainless steel plate were used as test parts. The small wet sticky rice material was processed by crusher. Firstly,the model of adhesion interface between wet sticky rice material and metal jitter plate was constructed. The capillarity of water film was an important reason for the formation of adhesion interface. The anti-adhesion mechanism of interface heating of metal jitter plates was revealed. Secondly,loading and heating antiadhesion test was carried out with electronic universal testing machine. The anti-adhesion rate curve models of Galvanized plate and stainless steel plate were obtained. The results showed that wet sticky rice materials were effectively inhibited to adhere to the surface of test parts through interface heating. The anti-adhesion rate of two kinds of metal jitter plates were respectively 61. 81% and 61. 33% when the temperature was 50℃. Then,vibrating and heating anti-adhesion test was carried out by using linear vibration test bed. The results showed that anti-adhesion rate was influenced by vibration strength of metal jitter plates. When the temperature of metal jitter plate was 40℃,the vibration frequency was 6 Hz,and the amplitude was 40 mm,the anti-adhesion rate exceeded 65%,which met the actual operation requirements. Finally,the verification test showed that the application of hot flow heating was an effective interface heating way to reduce adhesion between wet sticky rice materials and jitter plate in actual cleaning process.
Small,wet and sticky materials in rice threshed mixtures could be easily to adhere to the surface of metal jitter plate in cleaning device. A method to reduce the adhesion of wet sticky rice materials and metal jitter plate by interface heating was proposed. The Galvanized plate and stainless steel plate were used as test parts. The small wet sticky rice material was processed by crusher. Firstly,the model of adhesion interface between wet sticky rice material and metal jitter plate was constructed. The capillarity of water film was an important reason for the formation of adhesion interface. The anti-adhesion mechanism of interface heating of metal jitter plates was revealed. Secondly,loading and heating antiadhesion test was carried out with electronic universal testing machine. The anti-adhesion rate curve models of Galvanized plate and stainless steel plate were obtained. The results showed that wet sticky rice materials were effectively inhibited to adhere to the surface of test parts through interface heating. The anti-adhesion rate of two kinds of metal jitter plates were respectively 61. 81% and 61. 33% when the temperature was 50℃. Then,vibrating and heating anti-adhesion test was carried out by using linear vibration test bed. The results showed that anti-adhesion rate was influenced by vibration strength of metal jitter plates. When the temperature of metal jitter plate was 40℃,the vibration frequency was 6 Hz,and the amplitude was 40 mm,the anti-adhesion rate exceeded 65%,which met the actual operation requirements. Finally,the verification test showed that the application of hot flow heating was an effective interface heating way to reduce adhesion between wet sticky rice materials and jitter plate in actual cleaning process.
引文
[1]任露泉,刘朝宗,佟金,等.土壤粘附系统中粘土颗粒群的粘附特性[J].农业机械学报,1997,28(4):2-5.REN Luquan,LIU Chaozong,TONG Jin,et al. Adhesive behavior of soil particle aggregates in the soil adhesion system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1997,28(4):2-5.(in Chinese)
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[3]李建桥,蒋蔓,李月潭.钢铁的表面电位及其土壤粘附特性[J].农业工程学报,1997,13(2):48-51.LI Jianqiao,JIANG Man,LI Yuetan. Study on surface characteristics of materials of plough mouldboard and their effects on soil adhesion[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,1997,13(2):48-51.(in Chinese)
[4]丛茜,任露泉,陈秉聪.土壤粘附规律的化学吸附分析[J].农业工程学报,1996,12(3):20-24.CONG Qian,REN Luquan,CHEN Bingcong. Study on on soil adhesion phenomena by chemical adsorption[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,1996,12(3):20-24.(in Chinese)
[5]刘宏俊,赵淑红,谭贺文,等.基于刮削与振动原理的减粘降阻镇压装置研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(1):86-92.LIU Hongjun,ZHAO Shuhong,TAN Hewen,et al. Investigation on press device in reducing adhesion and resistance based on scrape and vibration principle[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(1):86-92.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180110&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 01. 010.(in Chinese)
[6]付乾坤,付君,陈志,等.秸秆捡拾打捆机振动去土作业参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(8):26-33.FU Qiankun,FU Jun,CHEN Zhi,et al. Optimization of working parameters on soil removal of stover pickup balerby vibration[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(8):26-33.(in Chinese)
[7]朱恒福,谈黎虹,吴士澌.“彗星式通孔”减阻犁的试验研究[J].农业机械学报,1992,23(4):20-24.ZHU Hengfu,TAN Lihong,WU Shisi. An experimental study on the “comet type passage-holes plough of reducing resistance”[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1992,23(4):20-24.(in Chinese)
[8]贾贤,任露泉,陈秉聪. PA41010和EP1复合涂层及其表面改性犁壁的减粘降阻性能[J].农业机械学报,1996,27(3):8-12.JIA Xian,REN Luquan,CHEN Bingcong. The functions of reducing adhesion and resistance of PA41010,EP1 composite coatings and surface improved mouldboards[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1996,27(3):8-12.(in Chinese)
[9]李建桥,任露泉,陈秉聪,等.犁壁材料表面特性与土壤粘附间的关系[J].农业工程学报,1996,12(2):49-52.LI Jianqiao,REN Luquan,CHEN Bingcong,et al. Study on surface characteristics of materials of plough mouldboard and their effects on soil adhesion[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,1996,12(2):49-52.(in Chinese)
[10]陈秉聪,任露泉,徐晓波,等.典型土壤动物体表形态减粘脱土的初步研究[J].农业工程学报,1990,6(2):2-6.CHEN Bingcong,REN Luquan,XU Xiaobo,et al. Initial research on reducing soil adhesion of body surface shapes of the typical soil animals[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,1990,6(2):2-6.(in Chinese)
[11]任露泉,徐晓波,陈秉聪,等.典型土壤动物爪趾形态的初步分析[J].农业机械学报,1990,21(2):44-49.REN Luquan,XU Xiaobo,CHEN Bingcong,et al. Initial research on claw shapes of the typical soil animals[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1990,21(2):44-49.(in Chinese)
[12]任露泉,陈德兴,胡建国.土壤动物减粘脱土规律初步分析[J].农业工程学报,1990,6(1):15-21.REN Luquan,CHEN Dexing,HU Jianguo. Initial analysis on the law of reducing adhesion of soils animals[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,1990,6(1):15-21.(in Chinese)
[13]邓石桥.仿生犁壁的减粘机理及其仿生设计[D].长春:吉林大学,2004.DENG Shiqiao. The mechanism of reducing soil adhesion and the design of bonic plow[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2004.(in Chinese)
[14] SONI P,SALOKHE V M,NAKASHIMA H. Modification of a mouldboard plough surface using arrays of polyethylene protuberances[J]. Journal of Terramechanics,2007,44(6):411-422.
[15] DENG Shiqiao,REN Luquan,LIU Yan,et al. Tangent resistance of soil on moldboard and the mechanism of resistance reduction of bionic moldboard[J]. Journal of Bionic Engineering,2005,2(1):33-46.
[16]任露泉.地面机械脱附减阻仿生研究进展[J].中国科学(技术科学),2008,38(9):1353-1364.REN Luquan. Progress in the bionic study on anti-adhesion and resistance reduction of terrain machines[J]. Science in China(Series E:Technological Sciences),2008,38(9):1353-1364.(in Chinese)
[17]杜卫刚.仿生开沟器设计及其试验分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2004.DU Weigang. Design and experimental analysis of bionic furrowing opener[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2004.(in Chinese)
[18]李耀明,马征,徐立章.油菜混合物与仿生筛面基体间的粘附特性[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(2):75-78.LI Yaoming,MA Zheng,XU Lizhang. Adhesion property between rape mixture and bionic screen matrix[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(2):75-78. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20120216&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2012. 02. 016.(in Chinese)
[19]傅美贞,陈德俊.联合收获机不粘水振动清选筛:202941176U[P]. 2013-05-22.
[20]任露泉.土壤粘附力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011.
[21] GB/T 5262—2008农业机械试验条件、测定方法的一般规定[S]. 2008.
[22]温诗铸,黄平.界面科学与技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011.
[23]匡鹏.联合收割机中排气余热联合远红外稻谷干燥装置的研发[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2016.KUANG Peng. Research and development of exhaust heat assisted far IR rice drying equipment in combine harvester[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[24]吉林大学.一种可自动控制的收割机柴油机余热回收装置:109458269A[P]. 2019-03-12.
[2]任露泉,刘朝宗,佟金,等.土壤粘附系统中粘土颗粒群的内聚特性[J].农业机械学报,1997,28(增刊):5-8.REN Luquan,LIU Chaozong,TONG Jin,et al. Cohesive behavior of soil particle aggregates in the soil adhesion system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1997,28(Supp.):5-8.(in Chinese)
[3]李建桥,蒋蔓,李月潭.钢铁的表面电位及其土壤粘附特性[J].农业工程学报,1997,13(2):48-51.LI Jianqiao,JIANG Man,LI Yuetan. Study on surface characteristics of materials of plough mouldboard and their effects on soil adhesion[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,1997,13(2):48-51.(in Chinese)
[4]丛茜,任露泉,陈秉聪.土壤粘附规律的化学吸附分析[J].农业工程学报,1996,12(3):20-24.CONG Qian,REN Luquan,CHEN Bingcong. Study on on soil adhesion phenomena by chemical adsorption[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,1996,12(3):20-24.(in Chinese)
[5]刘宏俊,赵淑红,谭贺文,等.基于刮削与振动原理的减粘降阻镇压装置研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(1):86-92.LIU Hongjun,ZHAO Shuhong,TAN Hewen,et al. Investigation on press device in reducing adhesion and resistance based on scrape and vibration principle[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(1):86-92.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180110&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 01. 010.(in Chinese)
[6]付乾坤,付君,陈志,等.秸秆捡拾打捆机振动去土作业参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(8):26-33.FU Qiankun,FU Jun,CHEN Zhi,et al. Optimization of working parameters on soil removal of stover pickup balerby vibration[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(8):26-33.(in Chinese)
[7]朱恒福,谈黎虹,吴士澌.“彗星式通孔”减阻犁的试验研究[J].农业机械学报,1992,23(4):20-24.ZHU Hengfu,TAN Lihong,WU Shisi. An experimental study on the “comet type passage-holes plough of reducing resistance”[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1992,23(4):20-24.(in Chinese)
[8]贾贤,任露泉,陈秉聪. PA41010和EP1复合涂层及其表面改性犁壁的减粘降阻性能[J].农业机械学报,1996,27(3):8-12.JIA Xian,REN Luquan,CHEN Bingcong. The functions of reducing adhesion and resistance of PA41010,EP1 composite coatings and surface improved mouldboards[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1996,27(3):8-12.(in Chinese)
[9]李建桥,任露泉,陈秉聪,等.犁壁材料表面特性与土壤粘附间的关系[J].农业工程学报,1996,12(2):49-52.LI Jianqiao,REN Luquan,CHEN Bingcong,et al. Study on surface characteristics of materials of plough mouldboard and their effects on soil adhesion[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,1996,12(2):49-52.(in Chinese)
[10]陈秉聪,任露泉,徐晓波,等.典型土壤动物体表形态减粘脱土的初步研究[J].农业工程学报,1990,6(2):2-6.CHEN Bingcong,REN Luquan,XU Xiaobo,et al. Initial research on reducing soil adhesion of body surface shapes of the typical soil animals[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,1990,6(2):2-6.(in Chinese)
[11]任露泉,徐晓波,陈秉聪,等.典型土壤动物爪趾形态的初步分析[J].农业机械学报,1990,21(2):44-49.REN Luquan,XU Xiaobo,CHEN Bingcong,et al. Initial research on claw shapes of the typical soil animals[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,1990,21(2):44-49.(in Chinese)
[12]任露泉,陈德兴,胡建国.土壤动物减粘脱土规律初步分析[J].农业工程学报,1990,6(1):15-21.REN Luquan,CHEN Dexing,HU Jianguo. Initial analysis on the law of reducing adhesion of soils animals[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,1990,6(1):15-21.(in Chinese)
[13]邓石桥.仿生犁壁的减粘机理及其仿生设计[D].长春:吉林大学,2004.DENG Shiqiao. The mechanism of reducing soil adhesion and the design of bonic plow[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2004.(in Chinese)
[14] SONI P,SALOKHE V M,NAKASHIMA H. Modification of a mouldboard plough surface using arrays of polyethylene protuberances[J]. Journal of Terramechanics,2007,44(6):411-422.
[15] DENG Shiqiao,REN Luquan,LIU Yan,et al. Tangent resistance of soil on moldboard and the mechanism of resistance reduction of bionic moldboard[J]. Journal of Bionic Engineering,2005,2(1):33-46.
[16]任露泉.地面机械脱附减阻仿生研究进展[J].中国科学(技术科学),2008,38(9):1353-1364.REN Luquan. Progress in the bionic study on anti-adhesion and resistance reduction of terrain machines[J]. Science in China(Series E:Technological Sciences),2008,38(9):1353-1364.(in Chinese)
[17]杜卫刚.仿生开沟器设计及其试验分析[D].长春:吉林大学,2004.DU Weigang. Design and experimental analysis of bionic furrowing opener[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2004.(in Chinese)
[18]李耀明,马征,徐立章.油菜混合物与仿生筛面基体间的粘附特性[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(2):75-78.LI Yaoming,MA Zheng,XU Lizhang. Adhesion property between rape mixture and bionic screen matrix[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(2):75-78. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20120216&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2012. 02. 016.(in Chinese)
[19]傅美贞,陈德俊.联合收获机不粘水振动清选筛:202941176U[P]. 2013-05-22.
[20]任露泉.土壤粘附力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011.
[21] GB/T 5262—2008农业机械试验条件、测定方法的一般规定[S]. 2008.
[22]温诗铸,黄平.界面科学与技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2011.
[23]匡鹏.联合收割机中排气余热联合远红外稻谷干燥装置的研发[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2016.KUANG Peng. Research and development of exhaust heat assisted far IR rice drying equipment in combine harvester[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[24]吉林大学.一种可自动控制的收割机柴油机余热回收装置:109458269A[P]. 2019-03-12.