堤坝脉动注浆浆液扩散机制及应用研究
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摘要
基于脉动注浆泵可输出低频周期性脉冲压力的特点,结合可控性黏土固化浆液,提出了一种可用于堤坝防渗加固的新方法。通过进行原型试验验证了该方法的可行性,考虑钻孔扰动和脉动低频重复压力对地层渗透特性的影响,推导了黏土固化浆液脉动扩散方程,运用多场耦合软件COMSOL探讨了脉动压力下黏土固化浆液扩散的机制,最后将研究成果成功应用于南水北调中线鹤壁段引水渠道边坡帷幕注浆工程。研究结果表明:黏土固化浆液脉动控制注浆技术可显著提高地层连续性和整体性,结石体28 d强度大于2 MPa,渗透系数可降至10~(-5)cm/s左右,浆液在注浆孔附近与土体胶结成块,邻近注浆孔浆脉交错搭接,整体表现为空间立体网状包裹结构的防渗墙体;对数值模拟和现场试验结果进行综合分析,堤坝脉动注浆时间应控制在1 800～2 400 s之间,合理的脉动注浆压力在0.2～2 MPa之间,脉动持续时间宜调至4～8 s,脉动间隔时间宜调至2～6 s,这样有利于保证堤坝脉动注浆工程达到最优的防渗加固效果;工程实践的渠道边坡连续性、整体性得到了改善,注浆止水加固效果显著,检查孔渗透系数降至10~(-5 )cm/s,所取芯样完整,芯样最长可达40 cm。
Based on the characteristics of low frequency periodic pulse pressure, a new method was proposed for seepage control and reinforcement of a dam. A prototype test of a manmade homogeneous embankment demonstrated that the method, considering drilling disturbances and repetitive pulsating pressure on the permeability of strata, was feasible. The clay-cement slurry pulsation diffusion equation was determined using the multi-coupling software COMSOL to investigate the mechanism of fluctuating pressure under the clay-cement slurry diffusion. Finally, this research was successfully applied to the Hebi section of the middle route water diversion channel along the grout curtain slope. The results showed that the 28-day strength of stone was greater than 2 MPa and the permeability coefficient was reduced to approximately 10~(-5) cm/s, demonstrating that the clay-cement slurry pulsation control grouting technology can significantly improve the stratigraphic continuity. Observations were made on the slurry in the grouting hole near the soil and cement block, the adjacent grouting hole slurry vein staggered lap joint, and the overall performance of the impervious wall space of the three-dimensional structure. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the numerical simulation and the field test results, the dam grouting time fluctuation should remain between 1 800 s and 2 400 s, a reasonable grouting pressure pulsation should be between 0.2 MPa and 2 MPa, the pulse duration should be between 4 s and 8 s, and the pulse interval time should be adjusted to between 2 s and 6 s. These values ensure that the seepage and the reinforcement of the dam grouting remain in optimal engineering ranges. The channel slope continuity and integrity were improved, and significant improvement was noted for grout reinforcement sealing. The coefficient was reduced to 10~(-5 )cm/s, and the core sample remained as a whole with the length up to 40 cm.
Based on the characteristics of low frequency periodic pulse pressure, a new method was proposed for seepage control and reinforcement of a dam. A prototype test of a manmade homogeneous embankment demonstrated that the method, considering drilling disturbances and repetitive pulsating pressure on the permeability of strata, was feasible. The clay-cement slurry pulsation diffusion equation was determined using the multi-coupling software COMSOL to investigate the mechanism of fluctuating pressure under the clay-cement slurry diffusion. Finally, this research was successfully applied to the Hebi section of the middle route water diversion channel along the grout curtain slope. The results showed that the 28-day strength of stone was greater than 2 MPa and the permeability coefficient was reduced to approximately 10~(-5) cm/s, demonstrating that the clay-cement slurry pulsation control grouting technology can significantly improve the stratigraphic continuity. Observations were made on the slurry in the grouting hole near the soil and cement block, the adjacent grouting hole slurry vein staggered lap joint, and the overall performance of the impervious wall space of the three-dimensional structure. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the numerical simulation and the field test results, the dam grouting time fluctuation should remain between 1 800 s and 2 400 s, a reasonable grouting pressure pulsation should be between 0.2 MPa and 2 MPa, the pulse duration should be between 4 s and 8 s, and the pulse interval time should be adjusted to between 2 s and 6 s. These values ensure that the seepage and the reinforcement of the dam grouting remain in optimal engineering ranges. The channel slope continuity and integrity were improved, and significant improvement was noted for grout reinforcement sealing. The coefficient was reduced to 10~(-5 )cm/s, and the core sample remained as a whole with the length up to 40 cm.
引文
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[10]张贵金,肖通,张聪,等.松散地层脉动与稳压灌浆室内试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(5):87-93.ZHANG Gui-jin,XIAO Tong,ZHANG Cong,et al.An indoor experimental study of loose soil strata pulsating and regulated filling[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2016,43(5):87-93.
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[13]王星华.黏土固化浆液在地下工程中的应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1998:50-102.WANG Xing-hua.Application of clay solidification grout in underground engineering[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1998:50-102.
[14]邝健政,旮月稳,王杰,等.岩土注浆理论与工程实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:240-246.KUANG Jian-zheng,XU Yue-wen,WANG Jie,et al.Rock grouting theory and engineering application of[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001:240-246.
[15]DELAGE P,CUI Y J,TANG A M.Clays in radioactive waste disposal[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2010,2(2):111-123.
[16]张贵金,杨松林,陈安重,等.适应深厚复杂岩土层防渗灌浆的可控性黏土水泥稳定浆材及快速配制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增刊1):3428-3436.ZHANG Gui-jin,YANG Song-lin,CHEN An-zhong,et al.Development and quick-preparing of controllable clay cement stable slurry adapt to anti-seepage grouting in deep complex rock and soil stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Suppl.1):3428-3436.
[17]LI J.Viscous property of clay-cement grout[C]//Proceedings of the Japan National Conference on Geotechnical Engineering.[S.l.]:The Japanese Geotechnical Society,2007:319-320.
[18]CHEN T L,ZHANG L Y,ZHANG D L.An FEM/VOFhybrid formulation for fracture grouting modelling[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2014,58:14-27.
[19]黄耀光,王连国,陆银龙.巷道围岩全断面锚注浆液渗透扩散规律研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):240-246.HUANG Yao-guang,WANG Lian-guo,LU Yin-long.Study on the law of slurry diffusion within roadway surrounding rock during the whole section bolt-grouting process[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):240-246.
[20]LOUIS C.Rock hydraulics[C]//Rock Mechanics.New York:Springer Verlag,1974:299-387.
[21]孙家学,吴理云.影响注浆结石体强度的因素分析[J].金属矿山,1992(4):22-25.SUN Jia-xue,WU Li-yun.Analysis of factors affecting the strength of grouted stone body[J].Metal Mine,1992(4):22-25.
[2]杜雷功.全国病险水库除险加固专项规划综述[J].水利水电工程设计,2003(3):1-3.DU Lei-gong.The summary of the special program of countrywide ill-conditioned and dangerous reservoirs[J].Design of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering,2003(3):1-3.
[3]白永年,刘宪奎.土坝坝体和堤防灌浆[M].北京:水利出版社,1982.BAI Yong-nian,LIU Xian-kui.Grouting of earth dam and dike[M].Beijing:Water Conservancy Press,1982.
[4]白永年,马秀媛,顾淦臣,等.中国堤坝防渗加固新技术[M].北京:水利电力出版社,2002.BAI Yong-nian,MA Xiu-yuan,GU Gan-chen,et al.Chinese dam seepage technology[M].Beijing:Water Conservancy and Electric Power Press,2002.
[5]孙锋,张顶立,姚海波.土坝坝体底部劈裂灌浆加固效果研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(4):1187-1192.SUN Feng,ZHANG Ding-li,YAO Hai-bo.Study of effects of split grouting for reinforcing bottom of embankment[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(4):1187-1192.
[6]盛松涛,张贵金,陈安重.托口水电站河湾地块帷幕灌浆新工艺的施工实践[J].水利水电技术,2014,45(8):108-111.SHENG Song-tao,ZHANG Gui-jin,CHEN An-zhong.Construction practice of a new curtain grouting technology for river-bending block in site of Tuokou Hydropower Station[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2014,45(8):108-111.
[7]张贵金,许毓才,陈安重,等.一种适合松软地层高效控制注浆的新工法-自下而上、浆体封闭、高压脉动注浆[J].水利水电技术,2012,43(3):38-41.ZHANG Gui-jin,XU Yu-cai,CHEN An-zhong,et al.Anew technical method for efficient and control grouting for loose ground-high pulsating pressure grouting from bottom to up stemming with slurry[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2012,43(3):38-41.
[8]GHAFAR A N,MENTESIDIS A,DRAGANOVIC A,et al.An experimental approach to the development of dynamic pressure to improve grout spread[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2016,49(9):1-13.
[9]MOHAMMED M H,PUSCH R,KNUTSSON S.Study of cement-grout penetration into fractures under static and oscillatory conditions[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2015,45:10-19.
[10]张贵金,肖通,张聪,等.松散地层脉动与稳压灌浆室内试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2016,43(5):87-93.ZHANG Gui-jin,XIAO Tong,ZHANG Cong,et al.An indoor experimental study of loose soil strata pulsating and regulated filling[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2016,43(5):87-93.
[11]WAKITA S,AOKI K,MITO Y,et al.Development of dynamic grouting technique for the improvement of low-permeable rock masses[C]//Proceedings of the 1st Kyoto International Symposium on Underground Environment.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2003:341-348.
[12]廖湘辉,李力,蒋冰华.注浆泵工作压力测试与结构设计改进[J].三峡大学学报(自然科学版),2006,28(2):120-122.LIAO Xiang-hui,LI Li,JIANG Bing-hua.Working pressure testing and structural design improvement for injection pump[J].Journal of China Three Gorges University(Natural Sciences),2006,28(2):120-122.
[13]王星华.黏土固化浆液在地下工程中的应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1998:50-102.WANG Xing-hua.Application of clay solidification grout in underground engineering[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,1998:50-102.
[14]邝健政,旮月稳,王杰,等.岩土注浆理论与工程实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:240-246.KUANG Jian-zheng,XU Yue-wen,WANG Jie,et al.Rock grouting theory and engineering application of[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001:240-246.
[15]DELAGE P,CUI Y J,TANG A M.Clays in radioactive waste disposal[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,2010,2(2):111-123.
[16]张贵金,杨松林,陈安重,等.适应深厚复杂岩土层防渗灌浆的可控性黏土水泥稳定浆材及快速配制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(增刊1):3428-3436.ZHANG Gui-jin,YANG Song-lin,CHEN An-zhong,et al.Development and quick-preparing of controllable clay cement stable slurry adapt to anti-seepage grouting in deep complex rock and soil stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(Suppl.1):3428-3436.
[17]LI J.Viscous property of clay-cement grout[C]//Proceedings of the Japan National Conference on Geotechnical Engineering.[S.l.]:The Japanese Geotechnical Society,2007:319-320.
[18]CHEN T L,ZHANG L Y,ZHANG D L.An FEM/VOFhybrid formulation for fracture grouting modelling[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2014,58:14-27.
[19]黄耀光,王连国,陆银龙.巷道围岩全断面锚注浆液渗透扩散规律研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(2):240-246.HUANG Yao-guang,WANG Lian-guo,LU Yin-long.Study on the law of slurry diffusion within roadway surrounding rock during the whole section bolt-grouting process[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2015,32(2):240-246.
[20]LOUIS C.Rock hydraulics[C]//Rock Mechanics.New York:Springer Verlag,1974:299-387.
[21]孙家学,吴理云.影响注浆结石体强度的因素分析[J].金属矿山,1992(4):22-25.SUN Jia-xue,WU Li-yun.Analysis of factors affecting the strength of grouted stone body[J].Metal Mine,1992(4):22-25.