川西高山林线土壤活性碳、氮对短期增温的响应
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摘要
随着温室效应的加剧,受低温限制的高山林线生态系统对全球气候变暖较为敏感,可能直接影响到植物的生长和土壤碳氮过程.本研究假设气候变暖会改变高山生态系统土壤活性碳氮含量,在四川省理县米亚罗高山生态系统定位站,采用开顶式模拟增温装置(OTC)模拟增温对土壤活性碳、氮的短期影响.分别于2017年4、7和10月,采集OTC以及对照样地(CK)内土壤有机层和矿质土壤层的原状土壤,测定土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)、土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、土壤可溶性有机氮(DON)和土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN)含量.结果表明:模拟增温使年均气温升高0.88℃,土壤有机层和矿质土壤层的年均温度分别提高0.48和0.23℃.模拟增温没有显著改变土壤有机质和含水量,但显著提高了矿质土壤层的pH值,同时显著降低了非生长季矿质土壤层的DOC、DON含量;季节变化对两个层次的DOC、DON和MBN含量有极显著影响,而MBC没有明显的季节动态;增温和季节交互作用对矿质土壤层的DOC和DON有显著影响.土壤有机层的MBC、MBN含量显著高于矿质土壤层.土壤活性碳、氮与土壤有机质和含水量呈极显著正相关,MBC、MBN与土壤pH呈极显著正相关,MBN与土壤温度呈显著负相关.
Alpine treeline ecosystem is more sensitive to global warming under low temperature limitation with the aggravation of greenhouse effect, which may directly affect plant growth and soil carbon and nitrogen processes. We expected that climate warming would change soil active carbon and nitrogen content in alpine ecosystems. This experiment was conducted in long-term research station of alpine forest ecosystems, in Lixian County, Sichuan Province. The open top camber(OTC) was used to simulate warming, intact soil core(soil organic layer and mineral soil layer) of OTC and CK were collected in April, July and October 2017. Soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC), soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC), dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN) were measured. The results showed that average temperature increased by 0.88 ℃ for air, 0.48 ℃ for soil organic layer and 0.23 ℃ for mineral soil layer. The simulated warming did not significantly change soil organic matter and water content, but significantly increased pH of mine-ral soil layer, and significantly reduced DOC and DON contents of mineral soil layer in non-growing season. There was significant seasonal variation for the contents of DOC, DON and MBN in the two layers, but not for MBC. The MBC and MBN contents of soil organic layer were significantly higher than that of mineral soil layer. There was a significant positive correlation between active carbon and nitrogen with soil organic matter and water content. There was a significant positive correlation between MBC, MBN and soil pH, whereas MBN was negatively correlated with soil temperature.
Alpine treeline ecosystem is more sensitive to global warming under low temperature limitation with the aggravation of greenhouse effect, which may directly affect plant growth and soil carbon and nitrogen processes. We expected that climate warming would change soil active carbon and nitrogen content in alpine ecosystems. This experiment was conducted in long-term research station of alpine forest ecosystems, in Lixian County, Sichuan Province. The open top camber(OTC) was used to simulate warming, intact soil core(soil organic layer and mineral soil layer) of OTC and CK were collected in April, July and October 2017. Soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC), soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC), dissolved organic nitrogen(DON) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN) were measured. The results showed that average temperature increased by 0.88 ℃ for air, 0.48 ℃ for soil organic layer and 0.23 ℃ for mineral soil layer. The simulated warming did not significantly change soil organic matter and water content, but significantly increased pH of mine-ral soil layer, and significantly reduced DOC and DON contents of mineral soil layer in non-growing season. There was significant seasonal variation for the contents of DOC, DON and MBN in the two layers, but not for MBC. The MBC and MBN contents of soil organic layer were significantly higher than that of mineral soil layer. There was a significant positive correlation between active carbon and nitrogen with soil organic matter and water content. There was a significant positive correlation between MBC, MBN and soil pH, whereas MBN was negatively correlated with soil temperature.
引文
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[31] Chen Q-S (陈全胜), Li L-H (李凌浩), Han X-G (韩兴国), et al. Acclimatization of soil respiration to warming. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2004, 24(11): 2649-2655 (in Chinese)
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[35] Waldrop MP, Firestone MK. Altered utilization patterns of young and old soil C by microorganisms caused by temperature shifts and N additions. Biogeochemistry, 2004, 67: 235-248
[36] Yang K (杨凯), Zhu J-J (朱教君), Zhang J-X (张金鑫), et al. Season dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and N in two plantation forests with different ages in Northeastern China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2009, 29(10): 5504-5505 (in Chinese)
[37] Chang C-H (常晨晖), Gou X-L (苟小林), Wu F-Z (吴福忠), et al. Effects of simulated warming on soil DOC and DON concentrations in the apline forest of western Sichuan based on altitudinal gradient experiment. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(3): 663-671 (in Chinese)
[38] Xiong H-Y (熊鸿焰), Li Y-X (李延轩), Zhang X-Z (张锡洲), et al. Amount changes of microorganism and microbial biomass of no-tillage paddy soil after paddy-upland rotation. Soils (土壤), 2008, 40(6): 920-925 (in Chinese)
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[2] Li J (李洁). Response of Soil Active Carbon Component and Carbonization to Land Use Change in the Central Tropical Hilly Area. Master Thesis. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2014 (in Chinese)
[3] Yang J-J (杨佳佳). Effects of Vegetation Types on Soil Enzyme Activity and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Morpho-logy in Yanhe River Basin. Master Thesis. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2014 (in Chinese)
[4] Gao Q (高强), Tang Y-L (唐艳凌), Ju X-T (巨晓棠), et al. Effect of long-term fertilization on soil reactive nitrogen pool. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2009, 23(2): 95-98 (in Chinese)
[5] Ge P (葛萍), Wang W-B (王伟波), Zhu X-L (朱晓林), et al. The characteristics comparison of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen of 4 kinds of vegetation types in Yaoluoping. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2014, 30(4): 23-28 (in Chinese)
[6] Ding G, Liu X, Herbert S, et al. Effects of cover crop management on soil organic matter. Geoderma, 2006, 130: 229-239
[7] Zhang XZ, Shen ZX, Fu G. A meta-analysis of the effects of experimental warming on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau. Applied Soil Ecology, 2015, 87: 32-38
[8] Kalbitz K, Glaser B, Bol R. Clear-cutting of a Norway spruce stand: Implications for controls on the dynamics of dissolved organic matter in the forest floor. European Journal of Soil Science, 2004, 55: 401-413
[9] Callesen I, Liski J, Raulund-Rasmussen K, et al. Soil carbon stores in Nordic well-drained forest soils-relationships with climate and texture class. Global Change Bio-logy, 2003, 9: 358-370
[10] Wang R (王瑞). Effect of Warming and Precipitation Enhancement on Soil and Plant Carbon and Nitrogen of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem. Master Thesis. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2016 (in Chinese)
[11] Romero-Olivares AL, Allison SD, Treseder KK. Soil microbes and their response to experimental warming over time: A meta-analysis of field studies Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2017, 107: 32-40
[12] Liu S-R (刘世荣), Wang H (王晖), Luan J-W (栾军伟). A review of research progress and future prospective of forest soil carbonstock and soil carbon process in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2011, 31(19): 5437-5448 (in Chinese)
[13] Yang L (杨林), Chen Y-M (陈亚梅), He R-L (和润莲), et al. Responses of soil microbial community structure and function to simulated warming in alpine forest. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(9): 2855-2863 (in Chinese)
[14] Li H-J (李洪杰), Liu J-W (刘军伟), Yang L (杨林), et al. Effects of simulated climate warming on soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of alpine forest. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology (应用与环境生物学报), 2016, 22(4): 599-605 (in Chinese)
[15] Zheng H-F (郑海峰), Chen Y-M (陈亚梅), Yang L (杨林), et al. Responses of soil microbial community structure to simulated warming in alpine timberline in western Sichuan, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2017, 28(9): 2840-2848 (in Chinese)
[16] Tan B (谭波), Wu F-Z (吴福忠), Qin J-L (秦嘉励), et al. Dynamics of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity in the subalpine/alpine forests of Wes-tern Sichuan. Ecology and Environment Sciences (生态环境学报), 2014, 23(8): 1265-1271 (in Chinese)
[17] Liu Y (刘洋), Zhang J (张健), Yan B-G (闫帮国), et al. Seasonal dynamics in soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and microbial quantity in a forest-alpine tundra ecotone, eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2012, 36(5): 382-392 (in Chinese)
[18] Deng C-C (邓长春), Jiang X-M (蒋先敏), Liu Y (刘洋), et al. Leaching of dissolved organic carbon from decomposing litter during the snow cover period at an alpine timberline ectone in Western Sichuan. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2014, 33(11): 2921-2929 (in Chinese)
[19] Yang Y-L (杨玉莲), Wu F-Z (吴福忠), He Z-H (何振华), et al. Effects of snow pack removal on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and the number of soil culturable microorganisms during wintertime in alpine Abies faxoniana forest of western Sichuan, Southwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2012, 23(7): 1809-1816 (in Chinese)
[20] Liu Y (刘洋), Zhang J (张健), Yang W-Q (杨万勤), et al. Ground coverage and soil hydrological action of alpine treeline ecotone in western Sichuan. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2011, 47(3): 1-6 (in Chinese)
[21] He R-L (和润莲), Chen Y-M (陈亚梅), Deng C-C (邓长春), et al. Litter decomposition and soil faunal diversity of two understory plant debris in the alpine timberline ecotone of western Sichuan in a snow cover season. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(3): 723-731 (in Chinese)
[22] Chen Y-M (陈亚梅), He R-L (和润莲), Deng C-C (邓长春), et al. Litter cellulolytic enzyme activities in alpine timberline ecotone of western Sichuan. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2014, 38(4): 334-342 (in Chinese)
[23] Yang H-L (杨怀林), Ren J (任建). Soil active organic carbon under different types of land use. Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology (陕西林业科技), 2012(3): 1-6 (in Chinese)
[24] Zhang Y-P (张一平), Zhang S-H (张绍辉), He Y-L (何云玲). Distribution of climatic elements in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. Journal of Mountain Research (山地学报), 2004, 22(2): 179-183 (in Chinese)
[25] Jones DL, Willett VB. Experimental evaluation of methods to quantify dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2006, 38: 991-999
[26] Vance ED, Brookes PC, Jenkinso DS. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1987, 19: 703-707
[27] Wu J. Measurement of soil microbial biomass C by fumigation-extraction: An automated procedure. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1990, 22: 1167-1169
[28] Joergensen RG. The fumigation-extraction method to estimate soil microbial biomass: Calibration of the KEC value. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1996, 28: 25-31
[29] Zheng JQ, Han SJ, Zhou YM, et al. Microbial Activity in a Temperate Forest Soil as Affected by Elevated Atmospheric CO2. Pedosphere, 2010, 20: 427-435
[30] Ren Z-H (任佐华), Zhang Y-G (张于光), Li D-Q (李迪强), et al. The soil microbial activities and microbial biomass in Sanjiangyuan alpine grassland. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2011, 31(11): 3232-3238 (in Chinese)
[31] Chen Q-S (陈全胜), Li L-H (李凌浩), Han X-G (韩兴国), et al. Acclimatization of soil respiration to warming. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2004, 24(11): 2649-2655 (in Chinese)
[32] Liu Q (刘庆). Ecological Research on Subalpine Coniferous Forests in China. Chengdu: Sichuan University Press, 2002 (in Chinese)
[33] Pan X-L (潘新丽), Lin B (林波), Liu Q (刘庆). Effects of elevated temperature on soil organic carbon and soil respiration under subalpine coniferous forest in western Sichuan Province, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2008, 19(8): 1637-1643 (in Chinese)
[34] Ding X-L (丁雪丽), Han X-Z (韩晓增), Qiao Y-F (乔云发), et al. Sequestration of organic carbon in cultivated soils: Main factors and their stabilization mechanisms. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2012, 43(3): 738-742 (in Chinese)
[35] Waldrop MP, Firestone MK. Altered utilization patterns of young and old soil C by microorganisms caused by temperature shifts and N additions. Biogeochemistry, 2004, 67: 235-248
[36] Yang K (杨凯), Zhu J-J (朱教君), Zhang J-X (张金鑫), et al. Season dynamics of soil microbial biomass C and N in two plantation forests with different ages in Northeastern China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2009, 29(10): 5504-5505 (in Chinese)
[37] Chang C-H (常晨晖), Gou X-L (苟小林), Wu F-Z (吴福忠), et al. Effects of simulated warming on soil DOC and DON concentrations in the apline forest of western Sichuan based on altitudinal gradient experiment. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(3): 663-671 (in Chinese)
[38] Xiong H-Y (熊鸿焰), Li Y-X (李延轩), Zhang X-Z (张锡洲), et al. Amount changes of microorganism and microbial biomass of no-tillage paddy soil after paddy-upland rotation. Soils (土壤), 2008, 40(6): 920-925 (in Chinese)
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