酶法提取对玉米皮阿拉伯木聚糖组成及分子质量分布的影响
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摘要
以鲜玉米皮为原料,利用酶法提取玉米皮阿拉伯木聚糖(arabinoxylan,AX),对提取物分别进行气相色谱分析和高效体积排阻色谱分析,研究Grindmyl Powerbake 950、Pentopan mono BG、Viscozyme L、Amano HC 90四种食品工业中常见的木聚糖酶提取所得提取物的单糖组成和分子质量分布,筛选出提取玉米皮AX的最佳酶制剂,并确定酶的最适添加量。结果表明:采用酶法提取玉米皮AX,其单糖组成主要是阿拉伯糖和木糖。以Amano HC 90提取24 h的玉米皮AX,其纯度为70.51%,提取率为(17.37±2.74)%,重均分子质量为(67.87±1.46)×10~4 g/mol,数均分子质量为(15.06±0.09)×10~4 g/mol,相对分子质量分散系数为4.51±0.13。经Amano HC 90提取得到提取物中AX含量较高,提取率适当,分子质量高且分散均匀,更适合食品工业中鲜玉米皮中大分子质量AX的提取,其最适添加量为1 500 U/g。
Arabinoxylans(AXs) were extracted from fresh maize barn with four xylanases commonly used in the food industry, Grindmyl Powerbake 950, Pentopan mono BG, Viscozyme L and Amano HC 90. The monosaccharide composition and molecular mass distribution of the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) and high-performance sizeexclusion chromatography(HPSEC). The optimum xylanase was selected and its optimum dosage was determined.Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the four AXs were mainly composed of arabinose and xylose. The purity of the AX extracted with Amano HC 90 for 24 h was 70.51%, and the extraction yield was(17.37 ± 2.74)%. The weight average molecular mass of the AX was(67.87 ± 1.46) × 10~4 g/mol, the number average molecular mass was(15.06 ± 0.09) × 10~4 g/mol, and the relative molecular mass dispensability was 4.51 ± 0.13. Amano HC 90 gave a higher purity and yield of AX with higher molecular mass and more homogenous molecular mass distribution. Thus, this xylanase was more suitable for the extraction of AX from maize bran in the food industry, and its optimum dosage was 1 500 U/g.
Arabinoxylans(AXs) were extracted from fresh maize barn with four xylanases commonly used in the food industry, Grindmyl Powerbake 950, Pentopan mono BG, Viscozyme L and Amano HC 90. The monosaccharide composition and molecular mass distribution of the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) and high-performance sizeexclusion chromatography(HPSEC). The optimum xylanase was selected and its optimum dosage was determined.Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the four AXs were mainly composed of arabinose and xylose. The purity of the AX extracted with Amano HC 90 for 24 h was 70.51%, and the extraction yield was(17.37 ± 2.74)%. The weight average molecular mass of the AX was(67.87 ± 1.46) × 10~4 g/mol, the number average molecular mass was(15.06 ± 0.09) × 10~4 g/mol, and the relative molecular mass dispensability was 4.51 ± 0.13. Amano HC 90 gave a higher purity and yield of AX with higher molecular mass and more homogenous molecular mass distribution. Thus, this xylanase was more suitable for the extraction of AX from maize bran in the food industry, and its optimum dosage was 1 500 U/g.
引文
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[26]苏东民,刘林,李雪,等.不同预处理方法对小麦麸皮阿拉伯木聚糖提取得率的影响[J].粮食加工, 2011, 36(4):37-39. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-6395.2011.04.014.
[27]张晓娜,周素梅,王世平.二次回归正交旋转组合设计对麦麸中阿拉伯木聚糖酶解工艺的优化[J].食品科学, 2008, 29(1):141-145.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6630.2008.01.027.
[28]宋琳琳,张晓娜.玉米皮中阿拉伯木聚糖碱提取工艺的研究[J].饲料广角,2009,17(9):27-29.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-8358.2009.17.010.
[29]刘静,刘俊康.玉米皮麸皮中阿拉伯木聚糖的提取、结构及性质[J].应用化工,2015(2):303-306.DOI:10.16581/j.cnki.issn1671-3206.2015.02.049.
[30]BUCHANAN C M, BUCHANAN N L, DEBENHAM J S, et al.Preparation and characterization of arabinoxylan esters and arabinoxylanester/celluloseesterpolymerblends[J].Carbohydrate Polymers, 2003, 52(4):345-357. DOI:10.1021/bk-2004-0864.ch021.
[2]WOO D H. Stabilization of the emulsion prepared with dietary?ber from corn hull[J]. Food Science&Biotechnology, 2001, 10:348-353.
[3]王遂,尤旭.玉米皮半纤维素提取工艺的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2000, 15(3):49-53. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1003-0174.2000.03.012.
[4]张艳荣,于君,刘相阳,等.玉米皮多糖制备、分离纯化及相对分子质量的测定[J].食品科学, 2010, 31(10):16-19.
[5]张小苗,李昊阳.高甾醇玉米皮油的制备及其性质分析[J].渭南师范学院学报,2015,30(18):43-46.DOI:10.15924/j.cnki.1009-5128.2015.18.008.
[6]王鹏,郭丽,周凤超,等.玉米皮类黄酮超声波提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究[J].江苏农业科学, 2016, 44(11):337-340.DOI:10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2016.11.099.
[7]CHENGH,WANGH,LVJ,etal.Anovel method toprepare L-arabinose from xylosemother liquorbyy east-mediated biopurification[J].Microbial Cell Factories,2011,10(1):43.DOI:10.1186/1475-2859-10-43.
[8]AGGERJ,VIKSO-NIELSENA,MEYERAS.Enzymaticxylose release from pretreated corn bran arabinoxylan:differential effects of deacetylation and deferuloylation on insoluble and soluble substrate fractions[J]. Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry, 2010, 58(10):6141-6148. DOI:10.1021/jf100633f.
[9]SAULNIERL,MAROTC,CHANIAUDE,etal.Cellwall polysaccharide interactions in maize bran[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers,1995, 26(4):279-287. DOI:10.1016/0144-8617(95)00020-8.
[10]ROSEDJ,INGLETTGE,LIUSX.Utilisationofcorn(Zea mays)bran and corn fiber in the production of food components[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture, 2010, 90(6):915-924.DOI:10.1002/jsfa.3915.
[11]王遂,刘芳.高活性玉米膳食纤维的制备、性质与应用[J].食品科学, 2000, 21(7):22-24. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6630.2000.07.007.
[12]王伟旭,汪丽萍,于雷,等.阿拉伯木聚糖提取方法研究进展[J].粮油食品科技,2016,24(5):24-28.DOI:10.16210/j.cnki.1007-7561.2016.05.006.
[13]伍立居,李平,汪锦帮.从玉米皮及豆皮中制取食用纤维的研究[J].食品与发酵工业, 1996(5):44-48. DOI:10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.1996.05.010.
[14]王遂,李桂春,宫晓波.酶法脱淀粉技术用于玉米膳食纤维制取工艺的研究[J].哈尔滨师范大学(自然科学学报), 1999, 15(3):73-77.
[15]张晓娜,周素梅,王世平.二次回归正交旋转组合设计对麦麸中阿拉伯木聚糖酶解工艺的优化[J].食品科学, 2008, 29(1):141-145.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6630.2008.01.027.
[16]胡叶碧.改性玉米皮膳食纤维的酶法制备及其降血脂机理研究[D].无锡:江南大学, 2008.
[17]HUYB,WANGZ,XUSY.Treatmentofcornbrandietary fiber with xylanase increases its ability to bind bile salts,in vitro[J].FoodChemistry,2008,106(1):113-121.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.054.
[18]蒋琦霞,杨瑞金,丛明,等.酶水解爆破秸秆制备低聚木糖[J].食品与发酵工业, 2006, 32(11):72-77. DOI:10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.2006.11.018.
[19]CRAEYVELD V V, DELCOUR J A, COURTIN C M. Extractability and chemical and enzymic degradation of psyllium(Plantago ovata Forsk)seedhuskarabinoxylans[J].FoodChemistry,2009,112(4):812-819. DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.035.
[20]DELCOURJA,VANWINH,GROBETPJ.Distributionand structural variation of arabinoxylans in common wheat mill streams[J].JournalofAgricultural&FoodChemistry,1999,47(1):271-275.DOI:10.1021/jf9805294.
[21]ESCAMOT E, AGUEDO M, PAQUOT M. Enzymatic hydrolysis of arabinoxylans from spelt bran and hull[J]. Journal of Cereal Science,2012, 55(2):243-253. DOI:10.1016/j.jcs.2011.12.009.
[22]李勤勤,耿欣.不同处理的精制玉米麸皮单糖组分及阿魏酸含量分析[J].食品科学, 2012, 33(14):121-124.
[23]过嫣丹.麸质阿拉伯木聚糖的改性及应用[D].无锡:江南大学,2012.
[24]马福敏.阿拉伯木聚糖的功能性质及其应用研究[D].无锡:江南大学, 2009.
[25]袁建,范哲,王艳,等.提取条件对小麦麸皮阿拉伯木聚糖相对分子质量分布的影响[J].食品科学,2014,35(17):27-31.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201417006.
[26]苏东民,刘林,李雪,等.不同预处理方法对小麦麸皮阿拉伯木聚糖提取得率的影响[J].粮食加工, 2011, 36(4):37-39. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-6395.2011.04.014.
[27]张晓娜,周素梅,王世平.二次回归正交旋转组合设计对麦麸中阿拉伯木聚糖酶解工艺的优化[J].食品科学, 2008, 29(1):141-145.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1002-6630.2008.01.027.
[28]宋琳琳,张晓娜.玉米皮中阿拉伯木聚糖碱提取工艺的研究[J].饲料广角,2009,17(9):27-29.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-8358.2009.17.010.
[29]刘静,刘俊康.玉米皮麸皮中阿拉伯木聚糖的提取、结构及性质[J].应用化工,2015(2):303-306.DOI:10.16581/j.cnki.issn1671-3206.2015.02.049.
[30]BUCHANAN C M, BUCHANAN N L, DEBENHAM J S, et al.Preparation and characterization of arabinoxylan esters and arabinoxylanester/celluloseesterpolymerblends[J].Carbohydrate Polymers, 2003, 52(4):345-357. DOI:10.1021/bk-2004-0864.ch021.