覆盖对土壤水盐调控及枸杞产量的影响
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摘要
为研究地表覆盖材料对甘肃盐渍化土壤水盐运移及枸杞生生长产量的影响,在统一沟灌6 000 m3·hm~(-2)的基础上,以不覆盖为对照(CK),设置覆盖黑膜(T1)、草帘(T2)、无纺布(T3)3种材料处理;监测覆盖处理后土壤含水率、盐分含量和pH,分析土壤水盐变化。结果表明:地表覆盖黑膜、草帘、无纺布均能削弱地表蒸发,抑制地表返盐,黑膜处理土壤含水率最高、含盐量最低,无纺布处理土壤含盐量最高;覆盖草帘处理枸杞成活率、保存率、株高、冠幅和产量均为最高,第2年草帘处理枸杞产量为1.86t·hm~(-2),是对照的1.4倍,比黑膜、无纺布处理分别高10.7%、8.1%。因此,沟灌条件下覆盖草帘适宜于该地区盐渍土农作物种植。
In order to study the effects of surface mulching on saline soil water-salt migration and the growth,yield of wolfberry.Three materials covered with plastic film mulching(T1),straw(T2)and non-woven fabric(T3)were set on the basis of unified furrow irrigation of 6 000 m3·hm~(-2).The control site was covering nothing(CK),soil water and salt changes were analyzed by monitoring soil water moisture,salt content,and pH change.The results showed that the surface covered with plastic film mulching,straw and non-woven fabric could weaken the surface evaporation and inhibit the secondary salinization occasionally.The soil of plastic film mulching treatment had the lowest salt content and the highest moisture,the soil of non-woven fabric treatment had the highest salt content.Covering the straw treatment survival rate,preservation rate,plant height,crown width and yield were the highest.The yield of straw treatment in the second year was 1.86t·hm~(-2),which was 1.4times of CK,10.7% and 8.1% higher than plastic film mulching and non-woven fabric.The yield of straw treatment was the highest in all treatments.Therefore,covering the straw could inhibit surface evaporation and secondary salinization,which was conducive to growth and yield improvement under the furrow irrigation.
In order to study the effects of surface mulching on saline soil water-salt migration and the growth,yield of wolfberry.Three materials covered with plastic film mulching(T1),straw(T2)and non-woven fabric(T3)were set on the basis of unified furrow irrigation of 6 000 m3·hm~(-2).The control site was covering nothing(CK),soil water and salt changes were analyzed by monitoring soil water moisture,salt content,and pH change.The results showed that the surface covered with plastic film mulching,straw and non-woven fabric could weaken the surface evaporation and inhibit the secondary salinization occasionally.The soil of plastic film mulching treatment had the lowest salt content and the highest moisture,the soil of non-woven fabric treatment had the highest salt content.Covering the straw treatment survival rate,preservation rate,plant height,crown width and yield were the highest.The yield of straw treatment in the second year was 1.86t·hm~(-2),which was 1.4times of CK,10.7% and 8.1% higher than plastic film mulching and non-woven fabric.The yield of straw treatment was the highest in all treatments.Therefore,covering the straw could inhibit surface evaporation and secondary salinization,which was conducive to growth and yield improvement under the furrow irrigation.
引文
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[16]刘莉莎,唐明双,黄迎冬,等.地膜覆盖对甘薯地土壤含水量及土层温度的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(9):76-78.
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[19]冯国艺,张谦,祁虹,等.滨海盐碱地免耕条件下覆盖方式对棉苗光合特性及生长的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2014,37(3):13-18.
[2] MAO W,KANG S,WAN Y,et al.Yellow River sediment as a soil amendment for amelioration of saline land in the Yellow River delta[J].Land Degradation&Development,2016,27(6):1595-1602.
[3]杨劲松.中国盐渍土研究的发展历程与展望[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):837-845.
[4]杨军,孙兆军,罗成科,等.水盐调控措施改良龟裂碱土提高油葵产量[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(18):121-128.
[5]张昌爱,辛淑荣,王国良,等.不同灌水方式对盐碱地苜蓿生长及土壤水盐动态的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2017,35(3):271-276.
[6]鲍怀宁,孙兆军,任秋实,等.甘肃盐渍化土壤不同乔灌草配置模式[J].北方园艺,2018(1):118-123.
[7]王荣莉,王倩,曹欣冉.不同覆盖方式对土壤物理性状和苹果叶片的影响[J].北方园艺,2015(24):163-166.
[8]王曼华,陈为峰,宋希亮,等.秸秆双层覆盖对盐碱地水盐运动影响初步研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1395-1403.
[9]武小靖,杨晴,张国君,等.土壤含盐量对枸杞生理生化指标的影响[J].北方园艺,2014(12):137-141.
[10]尹志荣,黄建成,桂林国,等.盐碱地枸杞节水高效利用技术集成研究[J].节水灌溉,2016(12):32-35.
[11]邓玲,魏文杰,胡建,等.秸秆覆盖对滨海盐碱地水盐运移的影响[J].农学学报,2017,7(11):23-26.
[12]王田利.靖远枸杞栽培技术[J].西北园艺(综合),2018(1):45-46.
[13]王遵亲,祝寿泉.中国盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
[14]南京农学院.土壤农化分析[M].北京:农业出版社,1980.
[15]QADIR M,OSTER J D,SCHUBERT S,et al.Phytoremediation of sodic and saline-sodic soils[J].Advances in Agronomy,2007,96(7):197-247.
[16]刘莉莎,唐明双,黄迎冬,等.地膜覆盖对甘薯地土壤含水量及土层温度的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(9):76-78.
[17]毕继业,王秀芬,朱道林.地膜覆盖对农作物产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(11):172-175.
[18]王成宝,杨思存,霍琳,等.地面覆盖方式对新垦盐碱地的抑盐和增产效果研究[J].甘肃农业科技,2014(11):42-45.
[19]冯国艺,张谦,祁虹,等.滨海盐碱地免耕条件下覆盖方式对棉苗光合特性及生长的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2014,37(3):13-18.