科学发现优先权视角下的“网红科学家”现象研究
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摘要
在后学院科学背景下,科学发现优先权可以带来更多的社会资源与经济利益。有学者甚至认为,科学已经从学院科学时代下"为了公众利益的科学"演变成"为了私人利益的科学"。当前,由于移动互联网等媒介技术的发达,借助于新媒介的广泛传播作用,出现了一些因为科学发现优先权而受媒体和公众异常关注的"网红科学家",这是一个值得关注的新现象。案例研究发现,部分"网红科学家"及其背后组织,重视了科学发现优先权中独创性所表征出的时效性,但忽视了科学共同体的承认与检验。"网红科学家"主张的科学发现优先权,如果通不过科学共同体的检验与承认,其自身以及背后支持组织也会受到"网红"这把"双刃剑"的损害。
Under the background of post-academic science,some scholars believe that science has evolved from "science for the public interest" to "science for the private interest".Under this background,priorities in scientific discovery can bring more social resources and economic benefits.At present,due to the development of media technology such as mobile internet,there are also some "internet celebrity scientists" who have attracted great attention from the media and the public because of the priorities in scientific discovery.This is a new phenomenon worthy of attention.In fact,some "internet celebrity scientists" and the organizations behind them pay attention to the timeliness of originality in the priorities in scientific discovery,but ignore the recognition and testing of the scientific community.If the priorities in scientific discovery advocated by "internet celebrity scientist" can't stand the test and recognition of the scientific community,it will also damage itself and the supporting organizations behind it.
Under the background of post-academic science,some scholars believe that science has evolved from "science for the public interest" to "science for the private interest".Under this background,priorities in scientific discovery can bring more social resources and economic benefits.At present,due to the development of media technology such as mobile internet,there are also some "internet celebrity scientists" who have attracted great attention from the media and the public because of the priorities in scientific discovery.This is a new phenomenon worthy of attention.In fact,some "internet celebrity scientists" and the organizations behind them pay attention to the timeliness of originality in the priorities in scientific discovery,but ignore the recognition and testing of the scientific community.If the priorities in scientific discovery advocated by "internet celebrity scientist" can't stand the test and recognition of the scientific community,it will also damage itself and the supporting organizations behind it.
引文
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[25]陈发俊.科学发现优先权争夺引发的负面影响[J].黄山学院学报,2011,13(4):62-65.
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[27]鲍宏礼,彭旺林.论科学发现的逻辑[J].科技进步与对策,2000(6):152-153.
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[29]杜勤.科学不端行为是道德问题还是法律问题[J].科技进步与对策,2005(8):183-185.
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[31]徐梦秋,欧阳锋.科学界的奖励系统与越轨行为---默顿学派对默顿科学规范论的丰富和发展[J].科学技术与辩证法,2007(2):101-105.
[2]默顿.科学社会学[M].鲁旭东,林聚仁,译.北京:商务印书馆,2009.
[3]马来平.科学发现优先权与科学奖励制度[J].齐鲁学刊,2003(6):63-67.
[4]默顿.科学社会学散忆[M].鲁旭东,译.北京:商务印书馆,2004.
[5]高杰,丁云龙.中国科技期刊在学术争议中的应对策略---以“韩春雨事件”当事期刊为例[J].中国科技期刊研究,2018,29(1):2-7.
[6]闵喆莹.韩春雨事件梳理[J].科学,2018,70(1):60-62.
[7]张玉荣.“网红科学家”韩春雨其人其事[J].小康,2016(12):48-51.
[8]约翰·齐曼.真科学[M].曾国屏,匡辉,张成岗,译.上海:上海科技教育出版社,2002.
[9]SPITHOVEN A,TEIRLINCK P.Internal capabilities,network resources and appropriation mechanisms as determinants of R&Doutsourcing[J].Research Policy,2015,44(3):711-725.
[10]杜鹏,王孜丹,曹芹.公共视野中的科学同行争议[J].科技中国,2017(12):28-32.
[11]希拉·贾撒诺夫.科学技术论手册[M].盛晓明,译.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.
[12]杜鹏,王孜丹,曹芹.公共视野中的科学同行争议[J].科技中国,2017(12):28-32.
[13]托马斯·库恩.科学革命的结构(第四版)[M].金吾伦,胡新和,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2012.
[14]刘春华.默顿科学发现优先权思想研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.
[15]牛俊美.科学建制的不同类型及其知识产权样态[J].科学技术与辩证法,2008(2):101-104.
[16]BRANNIGAN A.The social basis of scientific discoveries[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1981.
[17]TREVOR PINCH.The sociology of the scientific community[A].SAMUELS,WARREN J BIDDLE,JEFF E DA-VIS,et al.Companion to the history of modern science[M].London:Routledge Publisher,1990:87-97.
[18]贾鹤鹏,闫隽.科学争论的社会建构---对比三种研究路线[J].科学与社会,2015,5(1):91-103+90.
[19]卡尔·波普尔.科学发现的逻辑后记[M].查汝强,译.北京:中国美术学院出版社,2008.
[20]牛俊美.科学建制的不同类型及其知识产权样态[J].科学技术与辩证法,2008(2):101-104.
[21]DAVID CYRANOSKI.Replications,ridicule and a recluse:the controversy over NgAgo gene-editing intensifies[J].Nature,2016,536(7615):136-137.
[22]王一鸣.科学发现的解释权及其寻租问题---以哥本哈根气候变化大会为案例[J].科学学研究,2011,29(12):1786-1791.
[23]KRIMSKY S.Science in the private interest:has the lure of profits corrupted biomedical research[M].Washington DC:Rowman&Littlefield Publisher,2003.
[24]杨建邺.科学发现优先权是一把双刃剑[J].自然杂志,2011,33(5):294-299.
[25]陈发俊.科学发现优先权争夺引发的负面影响[J].黄山学院学报,2011,13(4):62-65.
[26]莫少群.风险社会环境下科学的社会责任问题研究[J].科技进步与对策,2008,25(12):197-200.
[27]鲍宏礼,彭旺林.论科学发现的逻辑[J].科技进步与对策,2000(6):152-153.
[28]FRIEDMAN P.The troublesome semantics of conflict of interest[J].Ethics&Behavior,1992,2(4):245-251.
[29]杜勤.科学不端行为是道德问题还是法律问题[J].科技进步与对策,2005(8):183-185.
[30]阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦.爱因斯坦文集(第三卷)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979.
[31]徐梦秋,欧阳锋.科学界的奖励系统与越轨行为---默顿学派对默顿科学规范论的丰富和发展[J].科学技术与辩证法,2007(2):101-105.