世界主要发达国家能源政策研究与启示
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摘要
文章广泛调研了近10年美国、欧盟、英国、法国、德国、日本等国家和地区在能源领域出台的各种官方文件,通过内容分析等研究方法,从战略规划、经费投入、科研布局、组织机制等角度对上述国家和地区的能源政策进行分析。发现各个国家和地区能源政策呈现出一些共同特征,包括:自身资源禀赋是制定能源政策的基础,能源多元化和清洁高效利用是各国能源政策共同目标,科技创新是实现目标的重要抓手。最后,就我国抓住能源变革机遇、打造能源新体系,提出了一些建议。
This work studies various official documents issued by the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, France,Germany, Japan in the field of energy within the last decade, and analyzes strategic plans, funds, scientific and technological projects deployment, organizational mechanisms by the content analysis method. It is found that there are some common features in energy policies of the above countries and regions: natural resources conditions are the basis for developing energy policies, diversification and clean and efficient usage are common targets, scientific and technological innovation is important for achieving the targets. Finally,some suggestions are put forward on energy transition in China.
This work studies various official documents issued by the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, France,Germany, Japan in the field of energy within the last decade, and analyzes strategic plans, funds, scientific and technological projects deployment, organizational mechanisms by the content analysis method. It is found that there are some common features in energy policies of the above countries and regions: natural resources conditions are the basis for developing energy policies, diversification and clean and efficient usage are common targets, scientific and technological innovation is important for achieving the targets. Finally,some suggestions are put forward on energy transition in China.
引文
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2 Executive Office of the President.The All-Of-The-Above Energy Strategy as a path to sustainable economic growth.Washington D C:The White House,2014.
3 Executive office of the president.Memorandum for the heads of executive departments and agencies.Washington D C:The White House,2017.
4 Executive office of the president.Memorandum for the heads of executive departments and agencies.Washington D C:The White House,2018.
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6 European Commission.EU energy in figures 2018.Luxembourg:EU,2018.
7 Council of the European Union.Energy efficiency,renewables,governance of the Energy Union:Council signs off on 3 major clean energy files.[2018-12-04].https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/12/04/energyefficiency-renewables-governance-of-the-energy-unioncouncil-signs-off-on-3-major-clean-energy-files/.
8 European Commission.Towards an integrated strategic energy technology(set)plan:Accelerating the european energy system transformation.Brussels:EU,2015.
9陈伟,张军,赵黛青,等.能源科技领域发展观察//中国科学院.2016科学发展报告.北京:科学出版社,2016:303-315.
10 European Commission.Horizon 2020 Work Programme from2018 to 2020.[2017-10-27].http://europa.eu/rapid/pressrelease_MEMO-17-4123_en.htm.
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12 European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures.Strategy report on research infrastructures roadmap 2018.Italy:ESFRI,2018.
13 Ministère de la Transitionécologique et solidaire.Plan climat nous:devonsaccélérer pour réussir la transitionénergétique.[2017-07-06].https://www.ecologique-solidaire.gouv.fr/planclimat-nous-devons-accelerer-reussir-transition-energetique.
14 Premier Ministre.Le grand plan d’investissement 2018-2022.Paris:Gouvernement Fran?ais,2017.
15 Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie.Innovationen für die Energeiwende:Bundesregierung beschlie?t 7.Energieforschungsprogramm.[2018-09-19].https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Pressemitteilungen/2018/20180919-bundesregierung-beschliesst-7-energieforschungsprogramm.html.
16 Department for Business,Energy&Industrial Strategy.Industrial Strategy:building a Britain fit for the future.[2017-11-27].https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/664563/industrial-strategy-white-paper-web-ready-version.pdf.
17 Department for Business,Energy&Industrial Strategy.The Clean Growth Strategy.[2017-10-12].https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/700496/clean-growth-strategy-correctionapril-2018.pdf.
18 H M Government.Growing the Bioeconomy Improving Lives and Strengthening Our Economy:A National Bioeconomy Strategy to 2030.London:HMG,2018.
19経済産業省.エネルギー基本計画.東京:経済産業省,2018.
20内閣官房.水素基本戦略.[2017-12-26].https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2017/12/20171226002/20171226002-1.pdf.
21原子力委員会.原子力利用に関する基本的考え方.東京:原子力委員会,2017.
22新エネルギー·産業技術総合開発機構.太陽光発電開発戦略.東京:NEDO,2014.
23中国政府网.中国的能源政策(2012).[2012-10-24].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2012-10/24/content_2250617.htm.
2 Executive Office of the President.The All-Of-The-Above Energy Strategy as a path to sustainable economic growth.Washington D C:The White House,2014.
3 Executive office of the president.Memorandum for the heads of executive departments and agencies.Washington D C:The White House,2017.
4 Executive office of the president.Memorandum for the heads of executive departments and agencies.Washington D C:The White House,2018.
5 U.S.Department of Energy.The SunShot Initiative.[2017-09-12].https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/sunshot-initiative.
6 European Commission.EU energy in figures 2018.Luxembourg:EU,2018.
7 Council of the European Union.Energy efficiency,renewables,governance of the Energy Union:Council signs off on 3 major clean energy files.[2018-12-04].https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/12/04/energyefficiency-renewables-governance-of-the-energy-unioncouncil-signs-off-on-3-major-clean-energy-files/.
8 European Commission.Towards an integrated strategic energy technology(set)plan:Accelerating the european energy system transformation.Brussels:EU,2015.
9陈伟,张军,赵黛青,等.能源科技领域发展观察//中国科学院.2016科学发展报告.北京:科学出版社,2016:303-315.
10 European Commission.Horizon 2020 Work Programme from2018 to 2020.[2017-10-27].http://europa.eu/rapid/pressrelease_MEMO-17-4123_en.htm.
11 European Commission.Proposal for a REGULATION OFTHE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCILestablishing Horizon Europe-the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation,laying down its rules for participation and dissemination.Brussels:EU,2018.
12 European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures.Strategy report on research infrastructures roadmap 2018.Italy:ESFRI,2018.
13 Ministère de la Transitionécologique et solidaire.Plan climat nous:devonsaccélérer pour réussir la transitionénergétique.[2017-07-06].https://www.ecologique-solidaire.gouv.fr/planclimat-nous-devons-accelerer-reussir-transition-energetique.
14 Premier Ministre.Le grand plan d’investissement 2018-2022.Paris:Gouvernement Fran?ais,2017.
15 Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie.Innovationen für die Energeiwende:Bundesregierung beschlie?t 7.Energieforschungsprogramm.[2018-09-19].https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Pressemitteilungen/2018/20180919-bundesregierung-beschliesst-7-energieforschungsprogramm.html.
16 Department for Business,Energy&Industrial Strategy.Industrial Strategy:building a Britain fit for the future.[2017-11-27].https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/664563/industrial-strategy-white-paper-web-ready-version.pdf.
17 Department for Business,Energy&Industrial Strategy.The Clean Growth Strategy.[2017-10-12].https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/700496/clean-growth-strategy-correctionapril-2018.pdf.
18 H M Government.Growing the Bioeconomy Improving Lives and Strengthening Our Economy:A National Bioeconomy Strategy to 2030.London:HMG,2018.
19経済産業省.エネルギー基本計画.東京:経済産業省,2018.
20内閣官房.水素基本戦略.[2017-12-26].https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2017/12/20171226002/20171226002-1.pdf.
21原子力委員会.原子力利用に関する基本的考え方.東京:原子力委員会,2017.
22新エネルギー·産業技術総合開発機構.太陽光発電開発戦略.東京:NEDO,2014.
23中国政府网.中国的能源政策(2012).[2012-10-24].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2012-10/24/content_2250617.htm.