基于单位补充量模型的西江广东鲂种群资源利用现状评价
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摘要
广东鲂(Megalobrama terminalis)是珠江中下游最重要的经济鱼类之一,但由于过度捕捞和栖息地破坏,资源日趋衰退,科学评估其资源利用现状,对合理开发与科学养护具有重要意义。利用2009—2015年西江肇庆江段渔业资源调查监测数据,分析了广东鲂生长与死亡相关特征及参数变化;利用单位补充量渔获量(Yield per recruitment,YPR)模型、单位补充量产卵群体生物量(Spawning biomass per recruitment,SBR)和生物学参考点评估了西江肇庆江段广东鲂资源利用状况。结果表明:西江广东鲂体长(L)和体重(W)关系为W=1.518×10~(-5)L~(3.051)(R~2=0.962,n=2252),生长方程为Lt=419.989[1–e~(-0.225(t+0.172))];现有捕捞强度(F平均1.27/年)远超过种群开发可承受水平(F_(40%)=0.53,F_(0.1)=0.27,F_(20%)=0.94);YPR_(ave)=30.58 g,远低于YPR_(0.1)(36.73 g)和YPR_(max)(45.89 g);SBR=11.5%,低于20%的下限临界参考点。西江广东鲂种群资源已过度开发,处于补充型捕捞过度和生长型捕捞过度状态。目前珠江禁渔期制度的实施对广东鲂资源补充起到了良好作用,但提高开捕体长至250 mm资源恢复效果将更明显。
In the present study, the growth and mortality parameters of Megalobrama terminalis were analyzed, and the exploitation status of M. terminalis based on analysis of yield per recruit(YPR) and spawning biomass per recruit(SBR)models by using collected samples from Xijiang River(Pearl River) of Zhaoqing from 2009 to 2015. The results showed that the relationship between standard length and weight was expressed as W=1.518×10~(-5) L~(3.051)(R~2=0.962,n=2252). The von Bertalanffy growth equation was selected as an optimal growth criteria and was expressed as Lt=419.989[1–e–0.225(t+0.172)]. The stock of M. terminalis was overfished far beyond the biological target reference points F40%(0.53/year), F_(0.1)(0.27/year), and threshold F_(20%)(0.94/year) at the current yield effort(F=1.27/year). The mean value of YPR(30.58 g) was far below the target values of YPR0.1(36.73 g) and YPRmax(45.89 g) as well. The SBR level was estimated to be 11.50%, which was below the threshold reference point(20%). This indicated that the status of stock of M. terminalis was overexploited and overfished. The implementation of closed fishing in Pearl River played a significant role on recruitment, however, if increase of initial length of fishing would be reached to 250 mm, that is more efficient to recovery the population of Guangdong Bream.
In the present study, the growth and mortality parameters of Megalobrama terminalis were analyzed, and the exploitation status of M. terminalis based on analysis of yield per recruit(YPR) and spawning biomass per recruit(SBR)models by using collected samples from Xijiang River(Pearl River) of Zhaoqing from 2009 to 2015. The results showed that the relationship between standard length and weight was expressed as W=1.518×10~(-5) L~(3.051)(R~2=0.962,n=2252). The von Bertalanffy growth equation was selected as an optimal growth criteria and was expressed as Lt=419.989[1–e–0.225(t+0.172)]. The stock of M. terminalis was overfished far beyond the biological target reference points F40%(0.53/year), F_(0.1)(0.27/year), and threshold F_(20%)(0.94/year) at the current yield effort(F=1.27/year). The mean value of YPR(30.58 g) was far below the target values of YPR0.1(36.73 g) and YPRmax(45.89 g) as well. The SBR level was estimated to be 11.50%, which was below the threshold reference point(20%). This indicated that the status of stock of M. terminalis was overexploited and overfished. The implementation of closed fishing in Pearl River played a significant role on recruitment, however, if increase of initial length of fishing would be reached to 250 mm, that is more efficient to recovery the population of Guangdong Bream.
引文
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[4]Tan X C,Li X H,Chang J B,et al.Acoustic observation of the spawning aggregation of Megalobrama hoffmanni in the Pearl River[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,2009,24(2):293-299
[5]Li J,Li X H,Tan X C,et al.Species diversity of fish community of provincial Xijiang River rare fishes natural reserve in Zhaoqing city,Guangdong Province[J].Journal of Lake Science,2009,21(4):556-562[李捷,李新辉,谭细畅,等.广东肇庆西江珍稀鱼类省级自然保护区鱼类多样性.湖泊科学,2009,21(4):556-562]
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[7]Li J,Li X H,Jia X P,et al.Evolvement and diversity of fish community in Xijiang River[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(2):298-311[李捷,李新辉,贾晓平,等.西江鱼类群落多样性及其演变.中国水产科学,2010,17(2):298-311]
[8]Li Y F,Li X H,Yang J P,et al.Effect of Pearl River closed fishing on Megalobrama hoffmanni recruitment stock[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(4):503-509[李跃飞,李新辉,杨计平,等.珠江禁渔对广东鲂资源补充群体的影响分析.水产学报,2014,38(4):503-509]
[9]Pang S X,Xie G,Xu S Y,et al.Studies on artificial propagation of cultured Megalobrama hoffmanni[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,1998,7(1):19-24[庞世勋,谢刚,许淑英,等.广东鲂全人工繁殖的研究.上海水产大学学报,1998,7(1):19-24]
[10]Zhan B Y.Evaluation of Fishery Resources[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.1995,121-166[詹秉义.渔业资源评估.北京:中国农业出版社.1995,121-166]
[11]Beverton R J H,Holt S J.On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations[M].London:Springer Science and Business Media.1957
[12]Quinn T J II,Deriso R B.Quantitative Fish Dynamics[M].New York:Oxford University Press.1999.159-200
[13]Deriso R B.Optimal F0.1 criteria and their relationship to maximum sustainable yield[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1987,44(suppl.2):339-348
[14]Hilborn R,Walters C J.Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment:Choice,Dynamics,and Uncertainty[M].New York:Springer Science and Business Media.1992,570
[15]Gabriel W L,Sissenwine M P,Overholtz W J.Analysis of spawning stock biomass per recruit:an example for Georges Bank haddock[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1989,9(4):383-391
[16]Clark W G.Groundfish exploitation rates based on life history parameters[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1991,48(5):734-750
[17]Boreman J.Sensitivity of North American sturgeons and paddlefish to fishing mortality[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,1997,48(1-4):399-405
[18]Goodyear,C P.Spawning Stock Biomass Per Recruit in Fisheries Management:Foundation and Current Use[M].Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.2003,67-81
[19]Katsukawa T.Evaluation of current and alternative fisheries management scenarios based on spawning-per-recruit(SPR),revenue-per-recruit(RPR),and yield-per-recruit(YPR)diagrams[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,2005,62(5):841-846
[20]Zhang G Z,Li X S,Jin X S,et al.Growth,mortality and optimum catchable size of small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis Bleeker)in the Southern Yellow Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(4):839-846[张国政,李显森,金显仕,等.黄海南部小黄鱼生长、死亡和最适开捕体长.中国水产科学,2010,17(4):839-846]
[21]Tian H W,Yue X J,Chen D Q,et al.Estimation of stock biomass and mortality parameters of oriental sucking barb(Garra orientalis)in Nujiang River of Sichuan Province,Southwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(1):235-240[田辉伍,岳兴建,陈大庆,等.怒江东方墨头鱼资源量和死亡参数的估算.生态学杂志,2012,31(1):235-240]
[22]Bi T T,Hou G,Zhang S Y,et al.Study on age structure,growth and mortality of Corbicula fluminea in Hongze Lake,China,through shell length-frequency data analysis[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2014,(4):797-800[毕婷婷,侯刚,张胜宇,等.基于壳长频率分析的洪泽湖河蚬渔获物年龄结构、生长与死亡参数估计.水生生物学报,2014,(4):797-800]
[23]He M F,Li X H,Tan X C,et al.Age determination and the growth of Megalobrama hoffmanni in Xijiang River[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2007,37(3):54-58[何美峰,李新辉,谭细畅,等.西江广东鲂的年龄鉴定及生长研究.淡水渔业,2007,37(3):54-58]
[24]Hiramatsu K.Application of maximum likelihood method and AIC to fish population dynamics[J].Fish Population Dynamics and Statistical Models,1993:9-21
[25]Hou G,Zhu L X,Lu H S.Growth,mortality and population composition of crimson sea bream,Paragyrops edita Tanaka in Beibu gulf[J].Journal of Guangdong Ocean University,2008,28(3):50-55[侯刚,朱立新,卢伙胜.北部湾二长棘鲷生长,死亡及其群体组成.广东海洋大学学报,2008,28(3):50-55]
[26]Bozdogan H.Model selection and Akaike's Information Criterion(AIC):The general theory and its analytical extensions[J].Psychometrika,1987,52(3):345-370
[27]Akaike H.Information measures and model selection[J].Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute,1983,44:277-291
[28]Fei H N,Zhang S Q.Aquatic Resources[M].Beijing:Science and Technology of China Press.1990,303-305[费鸿年,张诗全,水产资源学.北京:中国科学技术出版社.1990,303-305]
[29]Pauly D.On the interrelationships between natural mortality,growth parameters and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,1980,39(2):175-192
[30]Govender A,Al-Oufi H,Mc Ilwain JL,et al.A per-recruit assessment of the kingfish(Scomberomorus commerson)resource of Oman with an evaluation of the effectiveness of some management regulations[J].Fisheries Research,2006,77(2):239-247
[31]Jiao Y,Chen Y,Wroblewski J.An application of the composite risk assessment method in assessing fisheries stock status[J].Fisheries Research,2005,72(2-3):173-183
[32]Yang W L,Lai Z N,Wei T L,et al.Water environment situation of natural spawning grounds of Megalobrama hoffmanni in Xijiang River[J].Reservoir Fisheries,2004,24(5):59-61[杨婉玲,赖子尼,魏泰莉,等.西江广东鲂天然产卵场的水环境现状.水利渔业,2004,24(5):59-61]
[33]Zeng Y Y,Lai Z N,Yang W L,et al.Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals in water from the Pearl River watershed,South China[J].Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2017,26(5):3350-3357
[34]Mace P M,Sissenwine M P.““How much spawning per recruit is enough.”[J]?Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1993,101-118
[35]Grabowski R,Chen Y.Incorporating uncertainty into the estimation of the biological reference points F0.1 and Fmax for the Maine green sea urchin(Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)fishery[J].Fisheries research,2004,68(1):367-371
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