山东俚岛人工鱼礁区大泷六线鱼生长、死亡及资源评价
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摘要
为研究人工鱼礁区大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)生长、死亡和资源利用,本文根据2012—2015年山东俚岛人工鱼礁区与对照区的地笼与三重刺网调查资料,运用ELEFAN I基于体长频率时间序列分析法、变换体长渔获曲线法、单位补充量等渔获量曲线法和生物学参考点等对其群体结构、生长、死亡、资源现状和资源管理进行初步研究,再运用蒙特卡洛模拟法将不确定性分析引入资源评估。研究表明鱼礁区大泷六线鱼平均体长、平均体重、渐近体长和渐进体重均大于对照区,自然死亡系数小于对照区,即鱼礁区大泷六线鱼个体较大、人工鱼礁对大泷六线鱼确有保护作用。本文首次将生物学参考点F0.1和Fmax及其不确定性分析应用于人工鱼礁区大泷六线鱼资源评估,结果表明3种不确定性水平下F0.1判断结果与无不确定性结果一致(F0.1Fcur),即存在误判的风险,故F0.1更适合礁区大泷六线鱼资源评估。结合Gulland理论、生物学参考点和单位补充量渔获量等判断,鱼礁区大泷六线鱼资源处于过度开发状态,应适当降低捕捞强度以保证其持续发展,对照区其资源处于合理开发状态,仍可通过提高捕捞强度来实现资源更为合理地利用。
The construction of artificial reefs can improve the aquatic habitats and construct fishing ground and fish farms.Von Bertalanffy growth function,the characteristics of growth,reproduction and development of fat greenling(Hexagrammos otakii)have been studied,but the samples used were all from natural sea areas.As for the artificial reef areas,less studies on these concerns have been carried out in China.Lidao artificial reef area was selected as the studying area in order to provide a scientific basis for the management of artificial reef sites.Based on the data collected by trammel and cage nets in artificial reef and control sites in Lidao from 2012 to 2015,the population structure,growth,mortality,resource status and management were analyzed by the means including ELEFAN I,length-converted catch curve,YW/Rcurve and the biologic reference points.And uncertainty was incorporated into the estimation of the biological reference points F0.1 and Fmaxby Monte Carlo simulation.The results showed that average length,average weight and asymptotic length of fat greenling in the artificial reef area were larger than those in control site,and the natural mortality coefficient was lower than that of the control site.Namely,fat greenling in artificial reef site were larger than those in control site,indicating that indeed artificial reefs can protect fat greenling.It is the first time to apply biological reference points F0.1,Fmaxand uncertainty analysis to the resource assessment of fat greenling.The results showed that both F0.1 and Fmaxwere affected by uncertainty and had the possibility of misjudgment.However,F0.1 was obviously less than Fmax,which was not easy to lead to a decline of resources.Therefore,F0.1 was more suitable for resource assessment of fat greenling in artificial reef site.Considering Gulland's theory,biological reference points and yield per recruitment,fat greenling in artificial reef site was over exploited and the fishing intensity should be properly reduced to ensure its sustainable development.However in control site fat greenling were under exploitation,thus we can still increase fishing intensity to fully utilize the resource.
The construction of artificial reefs can improve the aquatic habitats and construct fishing ground and fish farms.Von Bertalanffy growth function,the characteristics of growth,reproduction and development of fat greenling(Hexagrammos otakii)have been studied,but the samples used were all from natural sea areas.As for the artificial reef areas,less studies on these concerns have been carried out in China.Lidao artificial reef area was selected as the studying area in order to provide a scientific basis for the management of artificial reef sites.Based on the data collected by trammel and cage nets in artificial reef and control sites in Lidao from 2012 to 2015,the population structure,growth,mortality,resource status and management were analyzed by the means including ELEFAN I,length-converted catch curve,YW/Rcurve and the biologic reference points.And uncertainty was incorporated into the estimation of the biological reference points F0.1 and Fmaxby Monte Carlo simulation.The results showed that average length,average weight and asymptotic length of fat greenling in the artificial reef area were larger than those in control site,and the natural mortality coefficient was lower than that of the control site.Namely,fat greenling in artificial reef site were larger than those in control site,indicating that indeed artificial reefs can protect fat greenling.It is the first time to apply biological reference points F0.1,Fmaxand uncertainty analysis to the resource assessment of fat greenling.The results showed that both F0.1 and Fmaxwere affected by uncertainty and had the possibility of misjudgment.However,F0.1 was obviously less than Fmax,which was not easy to lead to a decline of resources.Therefore,F0.1 was more suitable for resource assessment of fat greenling in artificial reef site.Considering Gulland's theory,biological reference points and yield per recruitment,fat greenling in artificial reef site was over exploited and the fishing intensity should be properly reduced to ensure its sustainable development.However in control site fat greenling were under exploitation,thus we can still increase fishing intensity to fully utilize the resource.
引文
[1]盛化香.崂山湾人工鱼礁区底栖大型海藻群落的季节性和区域性变化[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.Sheng H X.Seasonal and Regional Changes of Benthic Macroalgae Community in the Artificial Reef Zone of Laoshan Bay[D].Qing dao:Ocean University of China,2012.
[2]于晴.山东省典型人工鱼礁区增殖效果评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.Yu Q.The Evaluation of Proliferation Effect of Typical Artificial Reefs in Shandong Province[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2015.
[3]中国科学院海洋研究所.中国经济动物志(海产鱼类)[M].北京:科学出版社,1962:135-137.Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Chinese Journal of Economic Fauna(Marine Fish)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1962:135-137.
[4]冯昭信,韩华.大泷六线鱼资源合理利用的研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1998,13(2):24-28.Feng X Z,Han H.Rational utilization of Hexagrammos otakii resources[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,1998,13(2):24-28.
[5]叶青.青岛近海欧氏六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii J&S)年龄和生长的研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1993,23(2):59-68.Ye Q.A study on age and growth of greenling in coastal waters of Qingdao[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,1993,23(2):59-68.
[6]孙远远,昝肖肖,徐宾铎,等.海州湾及邻近海域大泷六线鱼的生长、死亡和最适开捕体长研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2014,44(9):46-52.Sun Y Y,Zan X X,Xue B D,et al.Growth,mortality and optimum catchable size of Hexagrammos otakii in Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2014,44(9):46-52.
[7]吴忠鑫.山东俚岛人工鱼礁区生态效果初步评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.Wu Z X.The Preliminary Assessment of Ecological Effect of Lidao Artificial Reef Zone,Shangong Province[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2015.
[8]纪东平.荣成俚岛斑头鱼和大泷六线鱼的渔业资源生物学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.Ji D P.Study on the fishery biology of Hexagrammos agrammus and Hexagrammos otakii in Lidao Rongcheng[D].Qigndao:Ocean University of China,2014.
[9]唐衍力,程文志,孙鹏,等.山东近岸3处人工鱼礁区VPUE的分析研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(3):43-50.Tang Y L,Chen W Z,Sun P,et al.Analysis of value per unit effort of three artificial reefs off Shandong coast[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2017,47(3):43-50.
[10]章守宇,张焕君,焦俊鹏,等.海州湾人工鱼礁海域生态环境的变化[J].水产学报,2006,30(4):475-480.Zhang S Y,Zhang H J,Jiao J P,et al.Change of ecological environment of artificial reef waters in Haizhou Bay[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2006,30(4):475-480.
[11]国家海洋局.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查GB/T12763.6—2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.State Oceanic Administration.Specifications for Oceanographic Survey—Part 6:Marine Biological Survey GB/T12763.6—2007[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2007.
[12] Ricker W.Liner regression in fishery research[J].Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,1973,30:409-434.
[13] Memon A M,Liu Q,Baloch W A,et al.Growth parameters and mortality rates of giant river-catfish Sperata seenghala from the Indus river,Pakistan[J].Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences,2017,46(7):1462-1469.
[14] Pauly D.ELEFAN I:User’s Instruction and Program Listings[M].Manila:ICLARM,1980.
[15] Pauly D.Gill Size and Temperature as Governing Factors in Fish Growth:A Generalization of Von Bertalanffy’s Growth Formula[C].//Berichte aus dem Instiute fuer Meereskunde.Kiel:Kiel University,1979:121-123.
[16] Pauly D.Length-converted catch curves.A powerful tool for fisheries research in the tropics[J].Fishbyte,1983,1(2):9-13.
[17] Pauly D.On the interrelationships between natural mortality,growth parameters and mean environmental temperature in 175fish stocks[J].Cons Int Explor Mer,1980,39(3):175-192.
[18]詹秉义.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:18-46,124-130.Zhang B Y.Fish stock Assessment[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995:18-46,124-130.
[19] Liu Q,Xu B D,Ye Z J,et al.Growth and Mortalily of Small Yellow Croaker(Larimichthys polyactis)Inhabiting Haizhou Bay of China[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2012,11(4):557-561.
[20]何宝全,李辉权.珠江河口棘头梅童鱼的资源评估[J].水产学报,1988,12(2):125-134.He B Q,Li H Q.Stock assessment of Collichthys lucidus in Pearl river esturary[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1988,12(2):125-134.
[21]王雪辉,邱永松,杜飞雁,等.珠江口水域鳓鱼生长和死亡参数估算[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(4):42-48.Wang X H,Qiu Y S,Du F Y,et al.Estimation of growth and mortality parameters of Chinese herring(Ilisha elongata)in Zhujiang river estuary[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2004,23(4):42-48.
[22]童玉和,陈新军,田思泉,等.渔业管理中生物学参考点的理论及其应用[J].水产学报,2010,34(7):1040-1050.Tong T H,Chen X J,Tian S Q,et al.Theory and application of biological reference points in fisheries management[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,34(7):1040-1050.
[23] Deriso R B.Optimal F0.1Criteria and their relationship to maximum sustainable yield[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,1987,44(2):339-348.
[24] Overholtz W J.Precision and uses of biological reference points calculated from stock recruitment data[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1999,19(3):643-657.
[25]曹少鹏,刘群.把不确定性引入生物学参考点F0.1和Fmax的估计以评估东海带鱼渔业资源[J].南方水产,2007,3(2):42-48.Cao S P,Liu Q.Stock assessment of the hairtail(Trichiurus haumela)fishery in the East China Sea by incorporating uncertainty into the estimation of the biological reference points F0.1and Fmax[J].South China Fisheries Science,2007,3(2):42-48.
[26] Gulland J A.Fish Stock Assessment:A Manual of Basic Method[M].New York:FAO/Wiley Serl,1985:223.
[27]朱立新,李丽芳,梁振林.不确定性对北部湾二长棘鲷渔业资源评估影响的模拟研究[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(1):36-43.Zhu L X,Li L F,Liang Z L.A simulation study of impacts of uncertainty on the assessment of the Crimson Sea Bream(Paragyrops edita)fisheries in Beibu Gulf[J].Periodical of Guangdong Ocean University,2009,29(1):36-43.
[28]唐衍力,孙晓梅,盛化香,等.威海小石岛人工鱼礁区渔获物组成特征及与环境因子的关系[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(5):22-31.Tang Y L,Sun X M,Sheng H X,et al.Community structure of catch and its relationship with environmental factors in Xiaoshidao artificial reef zones of Weihai city[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2016,46(5):22-31.
[29]董天威,黄六一,唐衍力,等.日照前三岛人工鱼礁区对渔业资源影响的初步评价[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(8):38-45.Dong T W,Huang L Y,Tang Y L,et al.Preliminary evaluation of artificial reef around Rizhao Qiansandao Island on the enhancement of fishery resources[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2015,45(8):38-45.
[30]王新萌,唐衍力,孙晓梅,等.威海小石岛人工鱼礁海域渔获物群落结构特征及其与环境因子相关性[J].海洋科学,2016,40(11):34-43.Wang X M,Tang Y L,Sun X M,et al.Catch community structure characteristics and their relationships with environment factors in the Xiao Shidao artificial reef sea area of Wehai[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(11):34-43.
[2]于晴.山东省典型人工鱼礁区增殖效果评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.Yu Q.The Evaluation of Proliferation Effect of Typical Artificial Reefs in Shandong Province[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2015.
[3]中国科学院海洋研究所.中国经济动物志(海产鱼类)[M].北京:科学出版社,1962:135-137.Institute of Oceanology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Chinese Journal of Economic Fauna(Marine Fish)[M].Beijing:Science Press,1962:135-137.
[4]冯昭信,韩华.大泷六线鱼资源合理利用的研究[J].大连水产学院学报,1998,13(2):24-28.Feng X Z,Han H.Rational utilization of Hexagrammos otakii resources[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,1998,13(2):24-28.
[5]叶青.青岛近海欧氏六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii J&S)年龄和生长的研究[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1993,23(2):59-68.Ye Q.A study on age and growth of greenling in coastal waters of Qingdao[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,1993,23(2):59-68.
[6]孙远远,昝肖肖,徐宾铎,等.海州湾及邻近海域大泷六线鱼的生长、死亡和最适开捕体长研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2014,44(9):46-52.Sun Y Y,Zan X X,Xue B D,et al.Growth,mortality and optimum catchable size of Hexagrammos otakii in Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2014,44(9):46-52.
[7]吴忠鑫.山东俚岛人工鱼礁区生态效果初步评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.Wu Z X.The Preliminary Assessment of Ecological Effect of Lidao Artificial Reef Zone,Shangong Province[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2015.
[8]纪东平.荣成俚岛斑头鱼和大泷六线鱼的渔业资源生物学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.Ji D P.Study on the fishery biology of Hexagrammos agrammus and Hexagrammos otakii in Lidao Rongcheng[D].Qigndao:Ocean University of China,2014.
[9]唐衍力,程文志,孙鹏,等.山东近岸3处人工鱼礁区VPUE的分析研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2017,47(3):43-50.Tang Y L,Chen W Z,Sun P,et al.Analysis of value per unit effort of three artificial reefs off Shandong coast[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2017,47(3):43-50.
[10]章守宇,张焕君,焦俊鹏,等.海州湾人工鱼礁海域生态环境的变化[J].水产学报,2006,30(4):475-480.Zhang S Y,Zhang H J,Jiao J P,et al.Change of ecological environment of artificial reef waters in Haizhou Bay[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2006,30(4):475-480.
[11]国家海洋局.海洋调查规范第6部分:海洋生物调查GB/T12763.6—2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.State Oceanic Administration.Specifications for Oceanographic Survey—Part 6:Marine Biological Survey GB/T12763.6—2007[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2007.
[12] Ricker W.Liner regression in fishery research[J].Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada,1973,30:409-434.
[13] Memon A M,Liu Q,Baloch W A,et al.Growth parameters and mortality rates of giant river-catfish Sperata seenghala from the Indus river,Pakistan[J].Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences,2017,46(7):1462-1469.
[14] Pauly D.ELEFAN I:User’s Instruction and Program Listings[M].Manila:ICLARM,1980.
[15] Pauly D.Gill Size and Temperature as Governing Factors in Fish Growth:A Generalization of Von Bertalanffy’s Growth Formula[C].//Berichte aus dem Instiute fuer Meereskunde.Kiel:Kiel University,1979:121-123.
[16] Pauly D.Length-converted catch curves.A powerful tool for fisheries research in the tropics[J].Fishbyte,1983,1(2):9-13.
[17] Pauly D.On the interrelationships between natural mortality,growth parameters and mean environmental temperature in 175fish stocks[J].Cons Int Explor Mer,1980,39(3):175-192.
[18]詹秉义.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:18-46,124-130.Zhang B Y.Fish stock Assessment[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995:18-46,124-130.
[19] Liu Q,Xu B D,Ye Z J,et al.Growth and Mortalily of Small Yellow Croaker(Larimichthys polyactis)Inhabiting Haizhou Bay of China[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2012,11(4):557-561.
[20]何宝全,李辉权.珠江河口棘头梅童鱼的资源评估[J].水产学报,1988,12(2):125-134.He B Q,Li H Q.Stock assessment of Collichthys lucidus in Pearl river esturary[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1988,12(2):125-134.
[21]王雪辉,邱永松,杜飞雁,等.珠江口水域鳓鱼生长和死亡参数估算[J].热带海洋学报,2004,23(4):42-48.Wang X H,Qiu Y S,Du F Y,et al.Estimation of growth and mortality parameters of Chinese herring(Ilisha elongata)in Zhujiang river estuary[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2004,23(4):42-48.
[22]童玉和,陈新军,田思泉,等.渔业管理中生物学参考点的理论及其应用[J].水产学报,2010,34(7):1040-1050.Tong T H,Chen X J,Tian S Q,et al.Theory and application of biological reference points in fisheries management[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2010,34(7):1040-1050.
[23] Deriso R B.Optimal F0.1Criteria and their relationship to maximum sustainable yield[J].Can J Fish Aquat Sci,1987,44(2):339-348.
[24] Overholtz W J.Precision and uses of biological reference points calculated from stock recruitment data[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1999,19(3):643-657.
[25]曹少鹏,刘群.把不确定性引入生物学参考点F0.1和Fmax的估计以评估东海带鱼渔业资源[J].南方水产,2007,3(2):42-48.Cao S P,Liu Q.Stock assessment of the hairtail(Trichiurus haumela)fishery in the East China Sea by incorporating uncertainty into the estimation of the biological reference points F0.1and Fmax[J].South China Fisheries Science,2007,3(2):42-48.
[26] Gulland J A.Fish Stock Assessment:A Manual of Basic Method[M].New York:FAO/Wiley Serl,1985:223.
[27]朱立新,李丽芳,梁振林.不确定性对北部湾二长棘鲷渔业资源评估影响的模拟研究[J].广东海洋大学学报,2009,29(1):36-43.Zhu L X,Li L F,Liang Z L.A simulation study of impacts of uncertainty on the assessment of the Crimson Sea Bream(Paragyrops edita)fisheries in Beibu Gulf[J].Periodical of Guangdong Ocean University,2009,29(1):36-43.
[28]唐衍力,孙晓梅,盛化香,等.威海小石岛人工鱼礁区渔获物组成特征及与环境因子的关系[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(5):22-31.Tang Y L,Sun X M,Sheng H X,et al.Community structure of catch and its relationship with environmental factors in Xiaoshidao artificial reef zones of Weihai city[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2016,46(5):22-31.
[29]董天威,黄六一,唐衍力,等.日照前三岛人工鱼礁区对渔业资源影响的初步评价[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2015,45(8):38-45.Dong T W,Huang L Y,Tang Y L,et al.Preliminary evaluation of artificial reef around Rizhao Qiansandao Island on the enhancement of fishery resources[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2015,45(8):38-45.
[30]王新萌,唐衍力,孙晓梅,等.威海小石岛人工鱼礁海域渔获物群落结构特征及其与环境因子相关性[J].海洋科学,2016,40(11):34-43.Wang X M,Tang Y L,Sun X M,et al.Catch community structure characteristics and their relationships with environment factors in the Xiao Shidao artificial reef sea area of Wehai[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(11):34-43.