黄河口中华绒螯蟹野生群体生长特征研究
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摘要
研究黄河口中华绒螯蟹种群的生长特征,为更好地实施增殖放流提供参考。2016年5、8、9及11月,采用定制网捕获中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)634只,运用FiSATⅡ软件相关模块对中华绒螯蟹生长、死亡参数、生长特性、种群补充模式进行研究。样本甲壳宽11～73mm,体重5.8～175.3g;中华绒螯蟹生长参数,雌性为k=1.90、L∞=69.30 mm、t0=-0.091,雄性为k=1.80、L∞=68.25 mm、t0=-0.098;经变换甲壳宽渔获曲线法(Length-Converted Catch Curve)及刀刃式选择假设模型(Knife-Edge)估算中华绒螯蟹总死亡系数为4.51、自然死亡系数为1.50、捕捞死亡系数为3.01、资源开发利用率0.67;黄河口中华绒螯蟹大约在4-5月初孵出大眼幼体,经过生长发育,其最大甲壳宽可以在第3年达到70mm以上;黄河口中华绒螯蟹的生长周期较短,成熟个体较小;种群补充模式分析表明,黄河口中华绒螯蟹种群补充单峰值出现在8、9、10月,此时间段与山东省所施行的禁渔期相吻合。
Eriocheir sinensis(Chinese mitten crab)is an important economic species in the Yellow River estuary.However,the production of E.sinensis has sharply declined in recent years because of severe overfishing and deterioration of water quality and E.sinensis has become the primary species for the release program meant to enhance the population.In this study,we analyzed growth,mortality,exploitation rate and population patterns using fish stock assessment software(FiSAT II),aiming to more fully understand the biology and growth characteristics of E.sinensis,provide information to improve the release program and verify the feasibility of using FiSAT II to estimate the growth parameters of crustaceans.The study was based on a stake net survey of E.sinensis carried out in May,August,September and November of 2016.A total of 634 E.sinensis were captured,including 264 males and 370 females.The shell width and body weight ranges were 11-73 mm and 5.8-149.0 g,dominated by crabs with shell widths of 20-50 mm and body weights of 10.0-80.0 g.Length Frequency Analysis gave growth parameters for females of k=1.90,L∞=69.30 mm,t0=-0.091,Lt=63.00[1-e-1.80(t+0.091)]and,for males,k=1.80,L∞=68.25,t0=-0.098,Lt=68.25[1-e-1.80(t+0.098)].The total mortality(Z),natural mortality(M),fishing mortality(F)and exploitation rate(E)of the E.sinensis population were,respectively,4.51,1.50,3.01 and 0.67,and the exploitation rate of E.sinensis was significantly higher than normal.The new generation of E.sinensis megalopaappear from the end of April to early May and reach maximum shell length(>70 mm)in the third year.E.sinensis recruitment peaks once a year,from August to October,corresponding to the period when fishing is prohibited.The biological parameter e-k=0.15<1 of E.sinensis,estimated using FiSAT Ⅱ,indicates that the VBFG equation can be used to describe E.sinensis growth.In addition,the asymptotic shell width and average shell width(L∞=74.55,Lc=30.15)were in good agreement with the shell width of E.sinensis catches from the Yellow River estuary and the value of t0 was consistent with actual fishing practices,showing that FiSAT Ⅱis a reliable means for estimating biological parameters and growth characteristics.
Eriocheir sinensis(Chinese mitten crab)is an important economic species in the Yellow River estuary.However,the production of E.sinensis has sharply declined in recent years because of severe overfishing and deterioration of water quality and E.sinensis has become the primary species for the release program meant to enhance the population.In this study,we analyzed growth,mortality,exploitation rate and population patterns using fish stock assessment software(FiSAT II),aiming to more fully understand the biology and growth characteristics of E.sinensis,provide information to improve the release program and verify the feasibility of using FiSAT II to estimate the growth parameters of crustaceans.The study was based on a stake net survey of E.sinensis carried out in May,August,September and November of 2016.A total of 634 E.sinensis were captured,including 264 males and 370 females.The shell width and body weight ranges were 11-73 mm and 5.8-149.0 g,dominated by crabs with shell widths of 20-50 mm and body weights of 10.0-80.0 g.Length Frequency Analysis gave growth parameters for females of k=1.90,L∞=69.30 mm,t0=-0.091,Lt=63.00[1-e-1.80(t+0.091)]and,for males,k=1.80,L∞=68.25,t0=-0.098,Lt=68.25[1-e-1.80(t+0.098)].The total mortality(Z),natural mortality(M),fishing mortality(F)and exploitation rate(E)of the E.sinensis population were,respectively,4.51,1.50,3.01 and 0.67,and the exploitation rate of E.sinensis was significantly higher than normal.The new generation of E.sinensis megalopaappear from the end of April to early May and reach maximum shell length(>70 mm)in the third year.E.sinensis recruitment peaks once a year,from August to October,corresponding to the period when fishing is prohibited.The biological parameter e-k=0.15<1 of E.sinensis,estimated using FiSAT Ⅱ,indicates that the VBFG equation can be used to describe E.sinensis growth.In addition,the asymptotic shell width and average shell width(L∞=74.55,Lc=30.15)were in good agreement with the shell width of E.sinensis catches from the Yellow River estuary and the value of t0 was consistent with actual fishing practices,showing that FiSAT Ⅱis a reliable means for estimating biological parameters and growth characteristics.
引文
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丁张妮,徐永健,林建华,等,2014.盐度对三疣梭子蟹摄食行为及生长特性的影响[J].生态科学,33(5):899-903.
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高春霞,田思泉,戴小杰,2014.淀山湖刀鲚的生物学参数估算及其相对单位补充量渔获量[J].应用生态学报,25(5):1506-1512.
管卫兵,杨牧川,王成辉,2013.长江口九段沙中华绒螯蟹资源状况分析[J].江苏农业科学,41(12):244-248.
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贺舟挺,徐开达,薛利建,等,2009.东海北部葛氏长臂虾生长死亡参数及资源量、渔获量的分析[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),28(3):286-291.
金刚,李钟杰,雷武,1999.长江中游湖泊放流河蟹的生长动态[J].水生生物学报,23(3):249-256.
景丽,2012.长江下游干流中华绒螯蟹种群特征的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学.
刘凯,段金荣,徐东坡,等,2007.长江口中华绒螯蟹亲体捕捞量现状及波动原因[J].湖泊科学,19(2):212-217.
吴金明,娄必云,赵海涛,等,2011.赤水河鱼类资源量的初步估算[J].水生态学杂志,32(3):99-103.
吴斌,方春林,贺刚,等,2015.FiSATⅡ软件支持下鄱阳湖通长江水道鲤鱼的生物学参数估算[J].水产科学,34(4):256-260.
汪留全,周婉华,1989.池养中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长特性的初步研究[J].水产学报,13(1):17-23.
詹秉义,1995.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社:312-315.
张列士,陆锦天,2001.中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)蜕壳和生长的研究进展[J].水产科技情报,28(6):246-250.
张航利,2013.长江口中华绒螯蟹放流群体与自然群体适应性比较研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学.
Atar H H,Secer S,2003.Width/length-weight relationships of the blue crab(Callinectes sapidus Rathbun,1896)population living in Beymelek Lagoon Lake[J].Turk JVet Anima Sci,27(2):443-447.
Gulland J A,1971.Fish stock assessment:a manual of basic methods[M].New York:FAO/Wiley Ser 1:223.
JAYAWARDANE P A A T,McLUSKY D S,TYTLER P,2002.Estimation of population parameters and stock assessment of Penaeus indicus(H.Miline Edwards)in the Western Coastal waters of Sri Lanka[J].Asian Fisheries Science,15(4):155-166.
Pauly D,David N,ELEFAN I,1981.A basic program for the objective extraction of growth parameters from lengthfrequency data[J].Meeresforschung,Reports on Marine Research,28(4):205-211.
Pauly D,1980.On the interrelationships between natural mortality,growth parameters,and mean environmental temperature in 175fish stocks[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,39(2):175-192.
Peter K Bergman,Frank Haw,H Lee Blankenship,et al,1992.Perspectives on Design,Use,and Misuse of Fish Tags[J].Fisheries,17(4):20-25.
陈国宝,李永振,陈丕茂,等,2008.鱼类最佳体长频率分析组距研究[J].中国水产科学,15(4):659-666.
丁张妮,徐永健,林建华,等,2014.盐度对三疣梭子蟹摄食行为及生长特性的影响[J].生态科学,33(5):899-903.
费鸿年,张诗全,1991.水产资源学[M].北京:科学出版社:303-305.
高春霞,田思泉,戴小杰,2014.淀山湖刀鲚的生物学参数估算及其相对单位补充量渔获量[J].应用生态学报,25(5):1506-1512.
管卫兵,杨牧川,王成辉,2013.长江口九段沙中华绒螯蟹资源状况分析[J].江苏农业科学,41(12):244-248.
国家海洋局,2007.海洋调查规范:GB/T 12763-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社.
何杰,2005.中华绒螯蟹池塘生态养殖群体生长特征研究[J].水利渔业,25(6):10-11.
贺舟挺,徐开达,薛利建,等,2009.东海北部葛氏长臂虾生长死亡参数及资源量、渔获量的分析[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),28(3):286-291.
金刚,李钟杰,雷武,1999.长江中游湖泊放流河蟹的生长动态[J].水生生物学报,23(3):249-256.
景丽,2012.长江下游干流中华绒螯蟹种群特征的研究[D].南京:南京农业大学.
刘凯,段金荣,徐东坡,等,2007.长江口中华绒螯蟹亲体捕捞量现状及波动原因[J].湖泊科学,19(2):212-217.
吴金明,娄必云,赵海涛,等,2011.赤水河鱼类资源量的初步估算[J].水生态学杂志,32(3):99-103.
吴斌,方春林,贺刚,等,2015.FiSATⅡ软件支持下鄱阳湖通长江水道鲤鱼的生物学参数估算[J].水产科学,34(4):256-260.
汪留全,周婉华,1989.池养中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长特性的初步研究[J].水产学报,13(1):17-23.
詹秉义,1995.渔业资源评估[M].北京:中国农业出版社:312-315.
张列士,陆锦天,2001.中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)蜕壳和生长的研究进展[J].水产科技情报,28(6):246-250.
张航利,2013.长江口中华绒螯蟹放流群体与自然群体适应性比较研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学.
Atar H H,Secer S,2003.Width/length-weight relationships of the blue crab(Callinectes sapidus Rathbun,1896)population living in Beymelek Lagoon Lake[J].Turk JVet Anima Sci,27(2):443-447.
Gulland J A,1971.Fish stock assessment:a manual of basic methods[M].New York:FAO/Wiley Ser 1:223.
JAYAWARDANE P A A T,McLUSKY D S,TYTLER P,2002.Estimation of population parameters and stock assessment of Penaeus indicus(H.Miline Edwards)in the Western Coastal waters of Sri Lanka[J].Asian Fisheries Science,15(4):155-166.
Pauly D,David N,ELEFAN I,1981.A basic program for the objective extraction of growth parameters from lengthfrequency data[J].Meeresforschung,Reports on Marine Research,28(4):205-211.
Pauly D,1980.On the interrelationships between natural mortality,growth parameters,and mean environmental temperature in 175fish stocks[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,39(2):175-192.
Peter K Bergman,Frank Haw,H Lee Blankenship,et al,1992.Perspectives on Design,Use,and Misuse of Fish Tags[J].Fisheries,17(4):20-25.