地震数据分相位重构方法
|
摘要
如何从地震数据中有效提取相位信息并进行分析和应用,是地震数据频率域处理的热点和难点。为此,本文提出了一种地震数据分相位重构方法。首先,对地震道进行时频分析;其次,逐点提取地震道的振幅和相位信息;然后,在[-180°,180°]区间设定待重构的相位值及相位容许误差;最后,对处理后的频谱进行傅里叶反变换,即可得到分相位重构后的地震数据。模型及实际数据应用结果表明,该相位重构方法的处理过程准确高效,易于推广应用。
How to extract and analyze phase spectrum information from seismic data effectively will be a hot and difficult point in the frequency domain seismic data processing.We propose in this paper a novel phase reconstruction method based on timefrequency analysis.Firstly,seismic trace time-frequency analysis is carried out.Secondly,seismic trace amplitude and phase information is extracted point by point using windows function.Ater that,phase values to be reconstructed and phase tolerance in [-180°,180°]are set.Finally,phase reconstructed traces can be obtained after Fourier inverse transform.Model and practical application show tnat the proposed algorithm is accurate and efficient,and beneficial for further applications.
How to extract and analyze phase spectrum information from seismic data effectively will be a hot and difficult point in the frequency domain seismic data processing.We propose in this paper a novel phase reconstruction method based on timefrequency analysis.Firstly,seismic trace time-frequency analysis is carried out.Secondly,seismic trace amplitude and phase information is extracted point by point using windows function.Ater that,phase values to be reconstructed and phase tolerance in [-180°,180°]are set.Finally,phase reconstructed traces can be obtained after Fourier inverse transform.Model and practical application show tnat the proposed algorithm is accurate and efficient,and beneficial for further applications.
引文
[1] Partyka G,Gridley J,Lopez J.Interpretational applications of spectral decomposition in reservoir characterization[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(3):353-360.
[2] Castagna J P,Sun S,Siegfried R,et al.Instantaneous spectral analysis:detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbon[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120-127.
[3] 刘力辉,李建海,孙莹频,等.时频属性法薄互层预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1261-1268.LIU Lihui,LI Jianhai,SUN Yingpin,et al.Thin inter-bed prediction with time and frequency attributes[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(6):1261-1268.
[4] 蔡涵鹏,龙浩,贺振华,等.基于地震数据瞬时相位谱的地层厚度估算[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(4):575-581.CAI Hanpeng,LONG Hao,HE Zhenhua,et al.Thickness estimation from instantaneous phase spectrum of post stack seismic data[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(4):575-581.
[5] 王鹏,胡向阳,魏水建.基于改进的相位目标函数估算薄层厚度[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(1):178-185.WANG Peng,HU Xiangyang,WEI Shuijian.Thin bed thickness estimation based on an improved phase objective function[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2018,53(1):178-185.
[6] Castagna J,Oyem A,Portniaguine O,et al.Phase decomposition[J].Interpretation,2016,4(3):SN1-SN10.
[7] 王祝文,向旻,刘菁华,等.基于分数阶Fourier变换的声波测井全波列特征时频分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(5):1553-1559.WANG Zhuwen,XIANG Min,LIU Jinghua,et al.Time-frequency analysis for full waveform characterristics of acoustic logging based on fractal Fourier transform[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(5):1553-1559.
[8] 王西文,刘全新,高静怀,等.地震资料在小波域的分频处理与重构[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):78-85.WANG Xiwen,LIU Quanxin,GAO Jinghuai,et al.Frequency-shared processing and reconstitution of seismic data in wavelet domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(1):78-85.
[9] 刘晗,张建中,黄忠来.基于同步挤压S变换的地震信号时频分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):689-695.LIU Han,ZHANG Jianzhong,HUANG Zhonglai.Time-frequency analysis of seismic data using synchro-squeezing S transform[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(4):689-695.
[10] Puryear C I,Tai S,Castagna J P,et al.Comparison of frequency attributes from CWT and MPD spectral decompositions of a complex turbidite channel model[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2008,27:393-397.
[11] Puryear C I,Tai S,Castagna J P,et al.Constrained least-squares spectral analysis:Application to seismic data[J].Geophysics,2012,77(5):V143-V167.
[12] Portniaguine O,Castagna J P.Inverse spectral decomposition[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:1786-1789.
[13] Portniaguine O,Zhdanov M S.Focusing geophysical inversion images[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):874-887.
[14] 刘柏森,卢志茂,申丽然,等.基于希尔伯特—黄变换的低信噪比语音端点检测[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2011,41(3):844-848.LIU Bosen,LU Zhimao,SHEN Liran,et al.Voice activity detection with low signal-to-noise ratio based on Hilbert-Huang transform[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition),2011,41(3):844-848.
[15] 梁岳,顾汉明,姚知铭.改进的希尔伯特—黄变换在储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2016,55(4):606-615.LIANG Yue,GU Hanming,YAO Zhiming.The application of improved Hilbert-Huang transform in reservoir prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(4):606-615.
[16] 杨培杰.地震子波盲提取与非线性反演[D].山东东营:中国石油大学(华东),2008.YANG Peijie.Seismic Wavelet Blind Extraction and Non-linear Inversion[D].China University of Petroleum(East China),Dongying,Shandong,2008.
[17] 杨培杰,印兴耀.非线性二次规划贝叶斯叠前反演.地球物理学报[J],2008,51(6):1876-1882.YANG Peijie,YIN Xingyao.Non-linear quadratic programming Bayesian prestack inversion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(6):1876-1882.
[18] Hampson D P.AVO inversion,theory and practice[J].Geophysics,1991,56(6):39-42.
[19] 李坤,印兴耀,宗兆云,等.基于快速匹配追踪的混合域地震稀疏反演方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(1):50-59.LI Kun,YIN Xingyao,ZONG Zhaoyun,et al.Seismic sparse inversion in mixed-domain utilizing fast ma-tching pursuit algorithm[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2018,42(1):50-59.
[20] 杨培杰,王长江,毕俊凤,等.可变点约束叠前流体因子直接提取方法[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(6):2188-2200.YANG Peijie,WANG Changjiang,BI Junfeng,et al.Direct extraction of the fluid factor based on variable point-constraint[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(6):2188-2200.
[21] 程佩青.数字信号处理教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[2] Castagna J P,Sun S,Siegfried R,et al.Instantaneous spectral analysis:detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbon[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120-127.
[3] 刘力辉,李建海,孙莹频,等.时频属性法薄互层预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(6):1261-1268.LIU Lihui,LI Jianhai,SUN Yingpin,et al.Thin inter-bed prediction with time and frequency attributes[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(6):1261-1268.
[4] 蔡涵鹏,龙浩,贺振华,等.基于地震数据瞬时相位谱的地层厚度估算[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(4):575-581.CAI Hanpeng,LONG Hao,HE Zhenhua,et al.Thickness estimation from instantaneous phase spectrum of post stack seismic data[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(4):575-581.
[5] 王鹏,胡向阳,魏水建.基于改进的相位目标函数估算薄层厚度[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(1):178-185.WANG Peng,HU Xiangyang,WEI Shuijian.Thin bed thickness estimation based on an improved phase objective function[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2018,53(1):178-185.
[6] Castagna J,Oyem A,Portniaguine O,et al.Phase decomposition[J].Interpretation,2016,4(3):SN1-SN10.
[7] 王祝文,向旻,刘菁华,等.基于分数阶Fourier变换的声波测井全波列特征时频分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2012,42(5):1553-1559.WANG Zhuwen,XIANG Min,LIU Jinghua,et al.Time-frequency analysis for full waveform characterristics of acoustic logging based on fractal Fourier transform[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2012,42(5):1553-1559.
[8] 王西文,刘全新,高静怀,等.地震资料在小波域的分频处理与重构[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):78-85.WANG Xiwen,LIU Quanxin,GAO Jinghuai,et al.Frequency-shared processing and reconstitution of seismic data in wavelet domain[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(1):78-85.
[9] 刘晗,张建中,黄忠来.基于同步挤压S变换的地震信号时频分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):689-695.LIU Han,ZHANG Jianzhong,HUANG Zhonglai.Time-frequency analysis of seismic data using synchro-squeezing S transform[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(4):689-695.
[10] Puryear C I,Tai S,Castagna J P,et al.Comparison of frequency attributes from CWT and MPD spectral decompositions of a complex turbidite channel model[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2008,27:393-397.
[11] Puryear C I,Tai S,Castagna J P,et al.Constrained least-squares spectral analysis:Application to seismic data[J].Geophysics,2012,77(5):V143-V167.
[12] Portniaguine O,Castagna J P.Inverse spectral decomposition[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2004,23:1786-1789.
[13] Portniaguine O,Zhdanov M S.Focusing geophysical inversion images[J].Geophysics,1999,64(3):874-887.
[14] 刘柏森,卢志茂,申丽然,等.基于希尔伯特—黄变换的低信噪比语音端点检测[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2011,41(3):844-848.LIU Bosen,LU Zhimao,SHEN Liran,et al.Voice activity detection with low signal-to-noise ratio based on Hilbert-Huang transform[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition),2011,41(3):844-848.
[15] 梁岳,顾汉明,姚知铭.改进的希尔伯特—黄变换在储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2016,55(4):606-615.LIANG Yue,GU Hanming,YAO Zhiming.The application of improved Hilbert-Huang transform in reservoir prediction[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(4):606-615.
[16] 杨培杰.地震子波盲提取与非线性反演[D].山东东营:中国石油大学(华东),2008.YANG Peijie.Seismic Wavelet Blind Extraction and Non-linear Inversion[D].China University of Petroleum(East China),Dongying,Shandong,2008.
[17] 杨培杰,印兴耀.非线性二次规划贝叶斯叠前反演.地球物理学报[J],2008,51(6):1876-1882.YANG Peijie,YIN Xingyao.Non-linear quadratic programming Bayesian prestack inversion[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(6):1876-1882.
[18] Hampson D P.AVO inversion,theory and practice[J].Geophysics,1991,56(6):39-42.
[19] 李坤,印兴耀,宗兆云,等.基于快速匹配追踪的混合域地震稀疏反演方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(1):50-59.LI Kun,YIN Xingyao,ZONG Zhaoyun,et al.Seismic sparse inversion in mixed-domain utilizing fast ma-tching pursuit algorithm[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Sciences),2018,42(1):50-59.
[20] 杨培杰,王长江,毕俊凤,等.可变点约束叠前流体因子直接提取方法[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(6):2188-2200.YANG Peijie,WANG Changjiang,BI Junfeng,et al.Direct extraction of the fluid factor based on variable point-constraint[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(6):2188-2200.
[21] 程佩青.数字信号处理教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.